特殊的电像法研究多个导体球的相互作用

推广了一般导体和点电荷电像,用迭代电像法计算了两个导体球之间的作用力与电容,并做了推广以及精确性分析.进一步给出了多个导体球的一般计算方式.作为多导体球问题的例子给出了第三个无静电荷的导体球对两导体球体系的影响.给出了导体作用数值计箅的具体方式,并且为导体相互作用实质提供了清晰的物理图像.     

两个带同性电荷导体球之间一直保持排斥力的条件

两个带同性电荷导体球之间的相互作用是大学物理教学中的重要问题.已有研究结果表明:在一般情况下两球之间会存在吸引力,但在两球电荷与半径比值相关的特殊条件下,两球之间会一直是排斥力.本文首先通过相互作用的定性讨论,推广了两球之间一直是排斥力的条件,拓展了两球之间一直是排斥力的参数区间.然后利用由系列电象法求出的两导体球的电容系数,用数值计算方法验证了定性分析的结论,发现两个带同性电荷的导体球确实可以在更宽泛的参数条件下一直保持排斥力.     

相切双导体球的电容公式研究

鉴于相切双导体球的电容公式是由级数表示的,为了研究其简洁的表达结果,再次运用镜像法研究了相切双导体球电容的通用公式,创造性地应用“平衡缩放”方法得到了一个比较简洁的近似公式,根据应用MATLAB软件对近似公式与精确公式的3种误差比较,证明了该近似公式具有非常高的精确性,完全可作为常用公式使用,该近似公式具有很好的实用性...     

均匀带电线状体与导体的作用力

基于电磁学理论中的镜像法,利用叠加原理和Mathematica数学软件,计算了均匀带电线状体与接地无限大导体平面和带电导体球的电场力,给出了解析结果,同时绘出了电场力随角度和距离变化的图像.     

接地导体球附近点电荷运动的讨论

在应用镜像法讨论了点电荷和接地导体球之间相互作用力的基础上,从牛顿力学和相对论力学两个角度分别讨论分析了接地导体球附近点电荷运动情形,并进行了比较.     

等势条件下两带电导体球的电荷分布

本文通过多重镜像法求解了等势条件下两个带电导体球的电荷分布问题,主要关注两球的电荷量以及平均面电荷密度随两球半径和两球间距的关系.通过选择合适的坐标,给出两导体球接触时,n级镜像电荷电量和位置的通式,及总电量的解析表达式.研究发现,当两导体球直接接触时,两球所带的电荷量可以严格求解,并给出了两球的电荷量之比表达式.随着两等势导体球间距的增大,两球所带的电荷量之比趋于半径之比.本文还讨论了一个导体球的半径趋于0的极限情况,小球与大球的电荷量之比趋于0,平均面电荷密度之比在两球不直接接触时趋于无穷大,而在两球直接接触时趋于π²/6.     

用电势能法求带电细圆环与导体球的作用力

本文用电动力学中的镜像法,利用Mathematica软件计算了当导体球的球心在带电细圆环的轴线上时,在均匀带电细圆环作用下处于静电平衡的导体球外空间的电势,同时绘出导体球外空间的电势分布图像;再运用电势能与电场力的关系求出带电细圆环与导体球的相互作用力,并绘出电场力随距离变化的图像.     

两个带电导体球问题的近似解法

美国大学研究生考题中常有关于带电导体球问题,如:求半径为a相距d的两个带电导体球间电容、相互作用能或作用力;或带电导体球与接地导体平板间电容或作用力;求二球形电极间电阻等。这类问题可以有很多变化,但解法相同。 例1:两半径为a相距d的带等量异号电荷的导体小球,d>>a,求其电容、相互作用能和作用力(准确到　的一次幂)。 分析:由于要准确到　的一次幂,两球间距不能视为无限大。如图1,设球A带正电,球B带负电,由于d>>a,作为零级近似,忽略两球间的静电感应。球外电位可简单地用位于A球球心点电荷q和位于B球球心的点电荷-q激发的电位迭加…     

多重镜像法求解三带电金属球的电场

镜像法是求解静电场的一种基本方法.本文通过电容法和电荷法两种方法来求解三金属球体系的多重镜像电荷,进而将带电金属球在空间的电场替代为各个等效电荷和镜像电荷产生的电场.通过对比电场的分布,验证了两种方法的正确性和一致性.进一步的研究结果表明,调节第三个金属球的位置和带电量可以实现两金属球之间的相互作用力由吸引向排斥的转变.结合Matlab软件,我们直接给出了双球和三球体系时电势在空间的分布.     

两个接触球孤立导体

本文利用电象法研究了两个接触球孤立导体的电容、电势及面电荷密度分布，并对所得结果进行了一些讨论．     

Analytical expression for the electric field enhancement between two closely-spaced conducting spheres

An external electric field applied to two conducting spheres in close approach is enhanced (by charge separation on the spheres) in the region between the spheres. For spheres of equal size, this enhancement is a universal function of the ratio of the separation of the spheres to their radius, and increases without limit as this ratio decreases. We calculate the enhancement factor analytically for perfectly conducting spheres, providing a simple formula valid when the spheres are close together, that is when the enhancement is large and the known series solution is difficult to evaluate. The same methods allow us to find the close-approach forms of the longitudinal and transverse polarizabilities of the two-sphere system.     

Polarization of two close metal spheres in an external homogeneous electric field

The dipole moment of each of two uncharged conducting spheres with radius R in an external electric field was calculated. The distance between the centers of the spheres is 2l. It was shown that, if R/l≲0.8, the influence of higher multipole moments is negligible.     

On the force of electrostatic interaction between two conducting spheres

A compact solution is obtained to the problem on the force of interaction between two conducting spheres with preset charges on their surfaces in zero external field. The derivation is based on exact solution of the problem of the potential distribution in the bispherical coordinate system. The expression for the force was derived by differentiating the potential energy of interaction between the spheres with respect to the distance between their centers. It is shown using numerical calculations that with decreasing distance between the spheres, the ratio of their charges for which the forces of interaction between the charges are zero tends to the ratio of the charges of contacting spheres. It follows hence that for any ratio of charges of the same polarity, which differs from the ratio of charges of the contacting spheres, there always exists a small distance between the spheres, at which they attract each other.     

Electrostatic interaction between two conducting spheres

In the paper we consider the problem of the electrostatic interaction between two charged conducting spheres with arbitrary electrical charges and radiuses. Using the image charges method we determine exact analytical formulas for the force F and for the potential energy W of the interaction between these two spheres as well as for the potential V of the electromagnetic field in an arbitrary point created by them. Our formulas lead to Coulomb’s law for point charges.We theoretically prove the experimentally shown fact that two spheres with the same type (positive or negative) of charges can also attract each other.     

Nanotube devices: A microscopic model

A microscopic model is developed for calculating electrostatic properties of nanotube devices. It is shown that the quantum-mechanical approach yields the same results as the statistical calculation in the limit of a thin tube suspended over a conducting gate at a distance exceeding the nanotube radius. A closed analytic expression is obtained for the atomistic capacitance of a straight nanotube and for a nanotube with a modest curvature. This method allows the fast and exact calculation of device parameters for the nanotube electromechanical systems and nanotube electronic devices.     

On the polarization interaction between two closely spaced conducting spheres in a uniform electrostatic field

An electrostatic interaction between two separate, grounded, uncharged, perfectly conducting spheres of different radii in a uniform electrostatic field is investigated. It is shown that at a small center-to-center distance of the spheres, the force of the polarization interaction between the spheres depends appreciably more weakly on that distance in comparison to the force of the electrostatic interaction of two elementary dipoles as it should be in view of the interaction between two like polarization charges.     

Capacitance coefficients of two spheres

Compact and exact expressions are obtained for the capacitance coefficients C_aa, C_bb and C_ab of two conducting spheres of radii a and b, for any distance c between the sphere centres. The results are equivalent to those of Maxwell, Russell and Jeffery, but enable rapid calculation of the coefficients in the limit of close approach, which is otherwise computationally difficult. Erroneous results published by several authors are corrected.     

Capacitance and potential coefficients at large distances

The design of capacitive sensors and devices for new and emerging applications would benefit from simple and reliable methods to estimate the capacitance between conductors in terms of the capacitance of the isolated bodies and of the distance between them. The coefficients of potential and capacitance of a pair of conductor are approximated with the first terms of an expansion formula in the inverse of their distance. The form given applies to conductors of generic shapes and position in space. A comparison with the exact value for two spheres shows agreement even for rather small distances.     

A new method for determining hydrodynamic effects on the collision of two spheres

A sphere falling in a fluid may collide with another sphere falling more slowly if, when the spheres are far apart vertically, the horizontal distance between their centers is less than or equal to a critical radius. Accurate prediction of aerosol particle coagulation requires a good understanding of this process. Previously reported optical techniques for measuring hydrodynamic effects on this phenomenon have inherent difficulties detecting grazing collisions and hence in determining the critical radius. In this work, a novel detection technique is demonstrated and it is shown that the critical radius may be determined from the sound generated by the collision of two spheres in a viscous liquid. The technique is shown to provide a more precise and decisive indication of when hard spheres collide.     

On interaction of two closely spaced charged conducting spheres

Electrostatic interaction between two charged conducting spheres is analyzed in the case of a small spacing between them, when the polarization effects are significant. It is shown that short-range polarization forces result in the attraction of the like-charged spheres. At a sufficiently small spacing, this attraction replaces repulsive forces acting on like charges.