丹酚酸B的热稳定性及其热分解动力学研究

用TG-DTG 方法研究了丹参的有效成分丹酚酸B 的热降解过程. 热重分析结果表明该物质的失重过程分两步进行. 笫一步为脱去吸附水, 其温度范围为305～373 K, 第二步为丹酚酸B 分子骨架大规模降解, 其温度范围在413～864 K. 用Friedman 和Ozawa-Flynn-Wall 两种方法分别计算出该药物降解过程中的三个阶段的活化能, 采用多步线性回归方法, 并参考常用的15 种热解机理函数, 确定了丹酚酸B 热降解过程最佳动力学模型为Fn-F2-F1.     

废轮胎热解特性研究

利用TG/DTG对不同来源的三种废轮胎样品的热解特性进行了研究，并得到了热解动力学参数。结果表明，新旧废外轮胎样品热解趋势基本一致，均经历了一个不明显的失重过程和两个明显的失重过程，其原因是由于废外轮胎中的橡胶组分比较复杂；内轮胎样品中的组分比较单一，其热解过程比较简单，仅经历了一个不明显的失重过程和一个明显的失重过程；三种样品的主要失重温度为600K～800K，转化率为0.2～0.8；使用一级动力学反应模型很好的拟和了三种样品的主要失重过程，并求出了热解动力学参数。     

高效液相色谱测定柑桔果汁中柚皮苷

柚皮苷(Naringin)是柑桔主要苦味物质之一,其学名为柚皮素-7-β-D-葡萄糖(2→1)-α-L-鼠李糖苷。已报道了多种测定柚皮苷的方法。本文报道了用反相高效液相色谱法测定(紫外检测)柚皮苷含量。     

柚皮苷分子印迹膜的水相制备与识别

以柚皮苷为印迹分子,PEG为致孔剂,在水相中制备了柚皮苷分子印迹壳聚糖膜.分别讨论了交联剂、致孔剂和印迹分子的用量对印迹膜结构和性能的影响.用SEM观察了致孔剂对印迹膜形貌及孔径的影响.紫外吸收光谱分析、柚皮苷在不同体系中的溶解度变化,以及红外光谱分析的结果表明功能聚合物壳聚糖和模板分子柚皮苷间形成了氢键.膜的渗透实验结果表明,在水相中,柚皮苷分子印迹膜能有效地从新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的混合液中分离出印迹分子柚皮苷,选择透过率为11.16%.     

近红外光谱法快速测定化橘红中柚皮苷的含量

利用近红外光谱快速测定技术,建立化橘红药材中柚皮苷含量测定模型;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定44批不同产地的化橘红中柚皮苷的含量作为参考值,使用2350～2199 nm、1750～1600 nm和1301～1150 nm波长范围的近红外光谱检测技术,利用偏最小二乘回归分析结合交叉验证法,建立快速测定化橘红中柚皮苷含量的模型;结果表明,所建立的校正模型的相关系数和内部交叉验证均方差分别为:R~2=0.978,RMSECV=0.997,预测结果良好。该法的建立证明了近红外光谱技术应用于化橘红药材中柚皮苷含量测定的可行性;近红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法(NIR-PLS)可以快速评估化橘红药材中柚皮苷的含量,可以应用于大批化橘红药材中柚皮苷的含量测定。     

牡丹花色苷的热稳定性和降解动力学

研究了pH值和温度对牡丹花色苷热稳定性的影响。动力学数据分析表明,牡丹花色苷的热降解符合一级反应动力学模型。在70～90℃条件下,当pH值为2.6、3.0、3.6、4.0和4.6时,牡丹花色苷的半衰期分别为27.0～7.9、32.1～8.5、27.9～8.9、35.9～9.4和27.3～10.7h。提高温度,花色苷降解反应速率增大;降解反应速率常数与温度的关系附合Arrhenius公式,反应活化能为48.4～69.4kJ/mol。牡丹花色苷单体的降解速率依次为矢车菊-3-O-二葡萄糖苷芍药-3-O-葡萄糖苷矢车菊-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷芍药-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷。牡丹花色苷降解生成褐色物质,褐变指数随加热时间的延长、加热温度的升高、pH值的增大而增大。     

橙汁类饮料中橙皮苷、柚皮苷含量的测定

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定橙汁中橙皮苷和柚皮苷的方法,并对不同厂家生产的橙汁饮料中橙皮苷和柚皮苷进行了比较.采用SHIMADZUVPODS(4.6 mm×150 nn,5μm)色谱柱;V(乙腈):V(磷酸水溶液)=22:78(pH 3.5)为流动相,流速为1.2 Ml/min;检测波长为283 nm.结果待测组分与其他组分分离度良好(>1.5),橙皮苷和柚皮苷线性范围分别为2.8～56.0 μg/mL和0.43～8.6μg/mL,橙皮苷和柚皮苷的平均回收率分别为99.9%,98.9%,RsD分别为1.9%,1.3%.     

TG-FTIR研究落叶松和废轮胎共热解失重及产物释放特性

利用热重红外法(TG-FTIR)考察了不同质量混合比例(1∶2、1∶1、2∶1)落叶松和废轮胎共热解失重、动力学规律及气相产物释放特性。共热解失重特性研究发现,温度低于366℃共热解主要表现为以落叶松为主的热降解行为,温度高于366℃主要表现为以废轮胎为主的热降解行为,热解效率随着落叶松加入比例的增大而提高。采用Coats-Redfern动力学模型对共热解动力学分析发现,主要失重阶段低温区(250~370℃)和高温区(370~480℃)热解行为均符合一级动力学规律,高温区活化能均明显低于低温区,随着落叶松加入比例的增大,活化能明显降低,使得热降解更容易发生。红外分析表明,共热解过程中主要生成含氧官能团的有机物及含氧小分子气体,6种小分子气体吸收峰析出强度由大到小依次为CO2CH4H2OCOSO2H2S,其中,废轮胎中的硫在落叶松降解过程中产生的氧自由基作用下主要转化为SO2。     

柚皮苷的伏安行为

柚皮苷在pH 8.3的0.05 mol·L-1氯化钾支持电解质溶液中,产生灵敏的线性扫描极谱峰,峰电位为-1.31 V(vs.Ag/AgCl).峰电流与柚皮苷浓度在2.0×10-6～1.5×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系.用线性扫描和循环伏安法研究体系的伏安行为,结果表明,该电极反应过程为具有吸附性的不可逆过程.     

森林泥炭的热解特性及热解动力学

泥炭阴燃是森林地下火的主要燃烧形式之一, 研究泥炭的热解规律对认识其阴燃机理及地下火蔓延机理有重要意义. 本文使用荧光光谱分析技术测定了我国东北林区一种典型泥炭样品的主要元素组成, 并使用热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)技术研究了泥炭样品在惰性气氛中的热解规律. 实验结果表明, 泥炭样品主要由45种元素构成. 从常温到1073 K高温的升温过程中, 泥炭样品的质量损失过程可以分为三个阶段, 依次为水分损失阶段、有机质热解阶段和矿物质分解阶段. 对于泥炭阴燃密切相关的有机质热解阶段, 结合热分析动力学理论和优化计算方法, 建立了描述泥炭有机质热解动力学规律的三组分叠加反应模型.     

丙硫异烟胺的热稳定性及其热分解动力学

通过热重法研究了抗结核药物丙硫异烟胺的热稳定性, 计算了该药物的动力学参数并建立了热分解动力学方程. 用Kissinger和Ozawa-Flynn-Wall两种方法计算该药物热分解过程的活化能Ea=54.65 kJ·mol-1. 用Malek法推断该药物的动力学机理函数及指前因子A, 其结果分别为f(α)=α0.391(1-α)0.145, lnA=13.12. 此外, 用差热法测定该物质的熔点、摩尔熔化焓和摩尔熔化熵, 分别是414.09 K、23.21 kJ·mol-1和56.06 J·mol-1·K-1.     

芳基乙炔聚合物热分解动力学研究

利用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ方法研究了聚（ｐ－ＤＥＢ）在氮气和空气气氛中的热分解过程和动力学。实验发现,在氮气中其热分解反应为一步反应,热分解速率较低,热分解４温度随升温速率β的增加而线性增加,在７３０℃下残碳率高达８７％;而在空气中其热分解反应则由多步组成,热分解速率较快,热分解温度低,升温速率对热分解温度影响不大,在６００℃下聚合物已完全分解。在氦气和空气中聚合物的热分解反应均为一级速率对热分解温度不大,     

Thermal conductivity of gel-spun polyethylene fibers

The thermal conductivities of unidirectional gel-spun polyethylene fiber-reinforced composites have been measured parallel (K∥?) and perpendicular (K⊥) to the fiber axis from 15 to 300K. The axial thermal conductivity K∥? varies linearly with volume fraction v_f of fiber, while the transverse thermal conductivity K⊥ follows the Halpin-Tsai equation. Extrapolation to v_f = 1 gives the thermal conductivity of gel-spun polyethylene fiber which, at 300K, has values of 380 and 3.3 mW cm^?1K^?1 along and perpendicular to the fiber axis, respectively. The axial thermal conductivity is exceptionally high for polymers, and is more than twice the thermal conductivity of stainless steel. This high value arises from the presence of a large fraction of long (> 50 nm) extended chain crystals in the fiber. Further improvement of up to a factor of 10 is possible if the length and volume fraction of the extended chain crystals can be increased. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

负热膨胀材料研究进展

本文介绍了负热膨胀材料的制备技术、结构、性能、应用及热缩机理研究的主要进展。分析了负热膨胀材料合成及其应用中存在的主要问题,讨论了刚性单元模模型及其局限性,给出了热缩机理理论和实验特别是第一性原理声子谱计算和拉曼光谱研究的最新进展、存在问题及发展趋势。指出了负热膨胀材料研究中应重点解决的一些重要问题。     

Thermal stability and flammability of butadiene- acrylonitrile rubber cross-linked with iodoform

Summary The paper discusses the results of thermal analysis and flammability of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, Perbunan NT 1845 of Bayer, cross-linked with iodoform. The properties of the iodoform vulcanizate have been compared with those of peroxide vulcanizate. The thermal analysis has been performed in air with use of a derivatograph under air and nitrogen atmosphere as well as dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). The flammability of vulcanizates has been determined by the method of oxygen index and in air. The toxicity of the thermal decomposition and combustion products of the vulcanizates under investigation has been also determined. Based on complementary examinations, DTA and DSC curves have been interpreted from the point of view of thermal transitions of the conventionally and non-conventionally cross-linked nitrile rubbers. The glass transition temperature of the cross-linked polymer both in cooling and heating has been determined.     

Thermal Characterisation of Brake Pads

The chemical-physical decomposition processes that occur in a brake pad heated to 1000°C have been studied. This temperature can be reached when a brake pad is applied. Thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis were used in combination with evolved gas analysis, and image analysis using a scanning electron microscope. A brake pad is essentially a mixture of iron, carbon and binder. Combined techniques have been used,because of chemical reaction overlap, to determine how and at what temperature the binder decomposes, the coal and graphite combust and the iron oxidises. This work enables the development of brake pads that are stable at high temperature. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal Analysis in Studies of Technological Waste Materials to Be Subjected to Thermal Treatment

Attempt was made to evaluate the usefulness of thermoanalytical methods, combined with X-ray phase analysis and chemical analyses, for the study of thermal decomposition of waste materials to be subjected to thermal treatment. The object of the studies were petrochemical waste materials intended to be decomposed in a rotary furnace. Results are given of the studies of five selected waste materials. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Kinetics of Thermal Transformations of Precipitated Magnetite and Goethite

The aim of the present study was to determine the kinetic equations for the thermal transformations of precipitated iron oxides and hydroxides, namely for the process of thermal dehydroxylation of goethite and consecutive of hematite crystal structure growth as well as for the oxidation of magnetite to maghemite and its thermal transformation into crystalline hematite. The investigations have been carried out using thermogravimetry (TG/DTG/DTA), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and high temperature powder diffractometry (HT-XRD). This presentation contains the continuation of our earlier works. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermal stability of high-energy compounds

The influence of molecular structure on the stability of high-energy compounds is considered. The kinetic parameters of the decomposition of various energy-rich groups in monofunctional compounds are established. Data on decomposition of compounds with mixed functional groups are described. The sites of primary breakdown are determined and the mutual influence of functional groups on the stability is considered. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 231–234, February, 2000.