自适应听觉感知时频分析模型

提出了一种具有强度自适应机制的仿听觉感知时频分析模型—Adaptive Ear Wig Distribution(AEWD),该模型是O'Donovan的Ear Wig Distribution(EWD)模型的扩展。AEWD的主要改进在于使用Patterson等近几年来提出的Cascade Compressive Gammachirp(Cascade cGC)模型,替换原有模型使用的Gammatone(GT)模型构造频域平滑窗,从而使AEWD模型具有了随输入信号功率而自适应调整的能力。相较于EWD模型,AEWD描述的时频分布更加符合听觉感知实际。最后,文中给出了一些典型信号的计算实例,说明了AEWD模型的有效性。     

基于时频阵列模型的波达方向估计

提出一种非平稳信号的波达方向估计方法。该方法将时频分析引入阵列处理,通过参考阵元和两个对称子阵的互时频分布建立起一种时频域的阵列数据模型,用平均的时频阵列数据模型代替传统的阵列模型,采用子空间方法得到多个非平稳信号的波达方向估计。空间平均和时频分析的结合使得该方法具有很好的信号选择性和抗干扰噪声的性能,该方法还具有运算量小和处理非平稳信号的能力。     

Modal depth function estimation using time-frequency analysis

Acoustic propagation in shallow water is characterized by a set of depth-dependent modes, the modal depth functions, which propagate in range according to their horizontal wavenumbers. For inversion purposes, modal depth function estimation in shallow water is an issue when the environment is not known. Classical methods that provide blind mode estimation rely on the singular value decomposition of the received field at different frequencies over a vertical array of transducers. These methods require that the vertical array spans the full water column. This is obviously a strong limitation for the application of such methods in an operational context. To overcome these shortcomings, this study proposes to replace the spatial diversity constraint by a frequency diversity condition, and thus considers the case of a field emanating from an impulsive source. Indeed, because of the discrete nature of the wavenumber spectrum and due to their dispersive behavior, the modes are separated in the time-frequency domain. This phenomenon enables the design of a modal filtering scheme for signals received on a single receiver. In the case of a vertical receiver array, the modal contributions can be isolated for each receiver even when using a partial water column spanning array. This method thus eliminates the receiving constraints of classical methods of modal depth function estimation, although it imposes the use of an impulsive source. The developed algorithm is benchmarked on numerical simulations and validated on laboratory experimental data recorded in an ultrasonic waveguide. Practical applications are also discussed.     

基于自适应时频分析的海底参数反演

通过一种自适应时频分析方法获取浅海简正波信号的群延迟数据,与简正波群延迟特性相匹配,从而实现了在单水听器信号基础上进行海底声速、密度等参数的反演。利用反演参数计算得到的1-4号简正波群速度与通过时频分析得到的实验结果符合的很好,对于海水深度、沉积层深度、声速、密度等参数给出了可靠的反演结果,实验数据处理结果表明这是一种简单、快速而有效的参数反演方法。     

自适应光学系统时域特性分析

分析了激光导星发出的波前通过湍流大气所造成的波前相位畸变的时间功率谱 ;根据湍流相位时间功率谱和自适应光学系统的传递函数 ,比较了使用自然导星和激光导星时自适应光学系统的时间响应误差 ;讨论了使用自然导星时自适应光学系统的时域优化问题。     

时频域独立元分析方法实现超声兰姆波的多模式分离

为方便兰姆波信号分析与模式定征,提出一种将短时傅里叶变换(Short-Time Fourier Transform,STFT)与独立元分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)相结合的多模式超声兰姆波识别方法。首先通过STFT将兰姆波时域信号投影至时频域,基于各模式信号在时频域相对独立的特点,利用ICA实现混叠模式分离。根据分离模式时频能量脊提取各模式群速度曲线,进而估计板厚。将方法运用于时域有限差分(Finite-Difference Time-Domain,FDTD)法仿真与钢板实验,分离得到A0、A1和S0三种模式。仿真与实验中平均群速度估计误差约为1.5%和2.0%,板厚估计误差约为0.3%和2.0%。仿真结果表明,在信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)不小于0 dB的情况下,时频域独立元分析方法均可实现兰姆波多模式分离、群速度曲线提取及板厚估计。     

时频域独立元分析方法实现超声兰姆波的多模式分离

为方便兰姆波信号分析与模式定征,提出一种将短时傅里叶变换(Short-Time Fourier Transform,STFT)与独立元分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)相结合的多模式超声兰姆波识别方法。首先通过STFT将兰姆波时域信号投影至时频域,基于各模式信号在时频域相对独立的特点,利用ICA实现混叠模式分离。根据分离模式时频能量脊提取各模式群速度曲线,进而估计板厚。将方法运用于时域有限差分(Finite-Difference Time-Domain,FDTD)法仿真与钢板实验,分离得到A0、A1和S0三种模式。仿真与实验中平均群速度估计误差约为1.5%和2.0%,板厚估计误差约为0.3%和2.0%。仿真结果表明,在信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)不小于0 dB的情况下,时频域独立元分析方法均可实现兰姆波多模式分离、群速度曲线提取及板厚估计。     

Optical properties of ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters

We theoretically investigate the optical properties of an ultra-thin InN layer embedded in InGaN matrix for light emitters. The peak emission wavelength extends from ultraviolet (374 nm) to green (536 nm) with InN quantum well thickness increasing from 1 monolayer to 2 monolayers, while the overlap of electron-hole wave function remains at a high level (larger than 90%). Increase of In content in InGaN matrix provides a better approach to longer wavelength emission, which only reduces the spontaneous emission rate slightly compared with the case of increasing In content of the conventional InGaN quantum well. Also, the transparency carrier density derived from gain spectrum is of the same order as that in the conventional blue laser diode. Our study provides skillful design on the development of novel structure InN-based light emitting diodes as well as laser diodes.     

时频结合自适应阈值小波包消噪算法

在充分考虑人耳听觉特性和噪声统计特性的基础上,提出一种时频结合Bark尺度自适应阈值的语音消噪算法,在Bark频域上自适应调整增强系数可以较准确地进行阈值判定。仿真实验验证,时频结合算法在低信噪比输入情况下较传统语音降噪方法具有明显优势,其在消除高斯白噪声的同时有效降低了语音损失,可获得最大信噪比,谱失真测度最小,增强语音的MOS(Mean Opinion Score)评分明显提高,具有较好的听觉效果。     

基于时频图像分析的核爆与雷电电磁脉冲识别

根据核爆和雷电电磁脉冲信号非平稳、非线性特点,对核爆电磁脉冲(NEMP)和雷电电磁脉冲(LEMP)信号进行了Hilbert谱分析,计算了二者Hilbert谱的图像区域特征,对二者进行了识别研究,并且从NEMP和LEMP不同的产生机理上对识别结果进行了分析。实验结果表明：以Hilbert谱的面积和重心,以及六维图像区域特征作为特征,对NEMP和LEMP的识别率达到了90％以上,可以对二者进行有效识别。     

Application of adaptive time-frequency decomposition in ultrasonic NDE of highly-scattering materials

In the paper, adaptive time-frequency decomposition by basis pursuit (BP) is utilized to improve ultrasonic flaw detection in highly-scattering materials as an alternative to the Wavelet Transform technique. The detection of ultrasonic pulses using the BP is described. Computer simulation was performed to verify the signal detection improvements for an ultrasonic wave embodied in white noise, and numerical results show good detection even for signal-noise ratio (SNR) of -18 dB. The improvement in detection is experimentally verified using cast steel samples with artificial flaws.     

有耗介质完全匹配层在时域多分辨分析中的应用

 对无耗和有耗介质中的完全匹配问题进行了研究,将广义完全匹配吸收层(GPML)应用到时域多分辨分析（MRTD）中。GPML是在扩展坐标系下由Maxwell方程得到的,在MRTD中实现对GPML的求解,并在频域对GPML进行了有效性分析,得出了GPML在不同空间步长和不同吸收层厚度情况下入射波由真空入射到吸收层的反射系数在频域的分布,并给出了有耗介质中GPML吸收效果的例子。结果表明,GPML的反射系数在一定频率范围内小于-40 dB,且随着计算空间步长的减小和吸收层厚度的增加而减小。GPML既可以用来截断无耗介质也可以用来截断有耗介质,为时域多分辨分析方法提供了一种较为通用的吸收边界。     

有耗介质完全匹配层在时域多分辨分析中的应用

对无耗和有耗介质中的完全匹配问题进行了研究,将广义完全匹配吸收层(GPML)应用到时域多分辨分析（MRTD）中。GPML是在扩展坐标系下由Maxwell方程得到的,在MRTD中实现对GPML的求解,并在频域对GPML进行了有效性分析,得出了GPML在不同空间步长和不同吸收层厚度情况下入射波由真空入射到吸收层的反射系数在频域的分布,并给出了有耗介质中GPML吸收效果的例子。结果表明,GPML的反射系数在一定频率范围内小于-40 dB,且随着计算空间步长的减小和吸收层厚度的增加而减小。GPML既可以用来截断无耗介质也可以用来截断有耗介质,为时域多分辨分析方法提供了一种较为通用的吸收边界。     

A domain adaptive stochastic collocation approach for analysis of MEMS under uncertainties

This work proposes a domain adaptive stochastic collocation approach for uncertainty quantification, suitable for effective handling of discontinuities or sharp variations in the random domain. The basic idea of the proposed methodology is to adaptively decompose the random domain into subdomains. Within each subdomain, a sparse grid interpolant is constructed using the classical Smolyak construction [S. Smolyak, Quadrature and interpolation formulas for tensor products of certain classes of functions, Soviet Math. Dokl. 4 (1963) 240–243], to approximate the stochastic solution locally. The adaptive strategy is governed by the hierarchical surpluses, which are computed as part of the interpolation procedure. These hierarchical surpluses then serve as an error indicator for each subdomain, and lead to subdivision whenever it becomes greater than a threshold value. The hierarchical surpluses also provide information about the more important dimensions, and accordingly the random elements can be split along those dimensions. The proposed adaptive approach is employed to quantify the effect of uncertainty in input parameters on the performance of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). Specifically, we study the effect of uncertain material properties and geometrical parameters on the pull-in behavior and actuation properties of a MEMS switch. Using the adaptive approach, we resolve the pull-in instability in MEMS switches. The results from the proposed approach are verified using Monte Carlo simulations and it is demonstrated that it computes the required statistics effectively.     

球谐域自适应混响抵消与声源定位算法

提出了一种基于球谐域的自适应混响抵消与声源定位算法,该方法通过去混响处理改善语音质量,并提高球谐域定位算法在混响环境下的定位性能。推导了基于多通道线性预测的自适应混响抵消算法在球谐域的表达式,针对刚球模型提出分阶处理的去混响方法,并对去混响后的信号进行波达方向估计。采用32元球阵的仿真结果表明,相比于球谐域不分阶去混响方法,该方法最大可减少约2/3的运算量,同时语音PESQ得分及SRMR均显著提高。利用实验数据对算法性能进行测试,实验结果验证了该方法在实际声学环境中去混响和声源定位的有效性。     

宽带双曲调频信号参数化时频分析波达方向估计

针对有源探测或脉冲侦查中双曲调频信号的波达方向估计问题,提出了基于参数化时频变换(PTFT)的多重信号分类(MUSIC)测向算法,简称PTFT-MUSIC算法。该算法由发射信号确定针对双曲调频信号的参数化变换核,对接收信号进行频域参数化时频变换,利用获得的时频分布建立阵列信号时频分布模型,并以此模型设计基于时频分布矩阵的MUSIC算法以实现双曲调频信号的波达方向估计。通过仿真和实验对该算法的估计误差和多目标分辨性能进行了分析,仿真和海上实验结果表明:相比现有的时频MUSIC算法,PTFT-MUSIC算法能有效提高空间谱分辨率和波达方向估计性能,同时该算法拥有对特定调频信号筛选性,结合时频域滤波算法能有效抑制相干直达波干扰,应用于多基地声呐系统时有效提高了声呐定位性能。     

Parallel domain connectivity algorithm for unsteady flow computations using overlapping and adaptive grids

This paper describes the algorithms and functionality of a new module developed to support overset grid assembly associated with performing time-dependent and adaptive moving body calculations of external aerodynamic flows using a multi-solver paradigm (i.e. different CFD solvers in different parts of the computational domain). We use the term “domain connectivity” in this paper to denote all the procedures that are involved in an overset grid assembly, and the module developed is referred henceforth as the domain-connectivity module. The domain-connectivity module coordinates the data transfer between different solvers applied in different parts of the computational domain – body fitted structured or unstructured to capture viscous near-wall effects, and Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement to capture effects away from the wall. The execution of the CFD solvers and the domain-connectivity module are orchestrated by a Python-based computational infrastructure. The domain-connectivity module is fully parallel and performs all its operations (identification of grid overlaps and determination of data interpolation strategy) on the partitioned grid data. In addition, the domain connectivity procedures are completely automated such that no user intervention or manual input is necessary. The capabilities and performance of the package are presented for several test problems, including flow over a NACA 0015 wing and an AGARD A2 slotted airfoil, hover simulation of a scaled V-22 rotor, and dynamic simulation of a UH-60A rotor in forward flight. A modification to the algorithm for improved domain connectivity solutions in problems with tight tolerances as well as heterogeneous grid clustering is also presented.     

Vibrational properties of vacancy in Au using modified embedded atom method potentials

Much improved result for lattice dynamics of Au is obtained with the use of modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potentials compared to the earlier embedded atom method (EAM) potentials. The MEAM potentials along with experimental phonons are utilised to calculate local spectra of neighbours of vacancy using Green's function method. The local spectrum of first neighbour of vacancy shows general loss of modes at lower frequencies with a resonance like sharp peak near the top end of the spectrum. The spectrum of second neighbour shows small changes from the host spectra except a pronounced dip in the middle. In accordance with the obtained features of local spectra of neighbours the calculated mean-square displacements are lower for both first and second neighbours as compared to that of host atoms. The calculated formation entropy is in reasonable agreement with other calculations and available experimental values.     

Serial identification of EEG patterns using adaptive wavelet-based analysis

A problem of recognition specific oscillatory patterns in the electroencephalograms with the continuous wavelet-transform is discussed. Aiming to improve abilities of the wavelet-based tools we propose a serial adaptive method for sequential identification of EEG patterns such as sleep spindles and spike-wave discharges. This method provides an optimal selection of parameters based on objective functions and enables to extract the most informative features of the recognized structures. Different ways of increasing the quality of patterns recognition within the proposed serial adaptive technique are considered.     

Magnetic properties of Fe and Co nanoclusters embedded in the first Cu(100) surface layer

The magnetic anisotropy energies, as well as spin and orbital magnetic moments of the atoms involved in the simplest nanostructures formed due to the self-organization within the first Cu(100) surface layer, are calculated in the framework of the density functional theory. The critical role of the surface relaxation, which leads to the rotation of the easy magnetization axis in iron nanoclusters, is demonstrated in the calculations of magnetic anisotropy.