Reactions on a solid surface. A simple, economical, and efficient acylation of alcohols and amines over Al2O3

Al(2)O(3) brings about a rapid acylation of a range of alcohols and amines with acid chlorides and acid anhydrides, respectively. Amines are easily Boc- and Cbz-protected on reaction with Boc-anhydride and Cbz-Cl, respectively. The acylation of phenols is slow enough to allow chemoselective acylation of alcohols and amines in the presence of phenols.     

Polystyrene‐Gallium Trichloride Complex: A Mild,Highly Efficient,and Recyclable Polymeric Lewis Acid Catalyst for Chemoselective Silylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Hexamethyldisilazane

Polystyrene‐supported gallium trichloride (PS/GaCl₃) as a highly active and reusable heterogeneous Lewis acid effectively activates hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) for the efficient silylation of alcohols and phenols at room temperature. In this heterogeneous catalytic system, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols as well as phenols were converted to their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with short reaction times and high yields under mild reaction conditions. The heterogenized catalyst is of high reusability and stability in the silylation reactions and was recovered several times with negligible loss in its activity or a negligible catalyst leaching, and also there is no need for regeneration. It is noteworthy that this method can be used for chemoselective silylation of different alcohols and phenols with high yields.     

Gold-catalyzed transesterification of ortho-alkynylbenzoic acid esters: a novel protecting group for alcohols and phenols

Treatment of ortho-alkynylbenzoic acid esters with excess amounts of EtOH in the presence of a gold catalyst results in the liberation of alcohols or phenols in high yields under mild conditions. The protection of alcohols and phenols proceeds smoothly by use of ortho-alkynylbenzoic acid or ortho-iodobenzoyl chloride. Highly chemoselective deprotections are described.     

Fluoroboric acid adsorbed on silica gel as a new and efficient catalyst for acylation of phenols, thiols, alcohols, and amines

Fluoroboric acid supported on silica gel efficiently catalyzes acylation of structurally diverse phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines under solvent free conditions. Acid-sensitive alcohols are smoothly acylated without competitive side reactions.     

Perchloric acid adsorbed on silica gel as a new,highly efficient,and versatile catalyst for acetylation of phenols,thiols, alcohols,and amines

Perchloric acid adsorbed on silica gel efficiently catalyses acetylation of structurally diverse phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines under solvent free conditions.     

Polystyrene-supported GaCl3: A new,highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for acetylation and benzoylation of alcohols and phenols

A new, simple and highly chemoselective method for both acetylation and benzoylation of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride in the presence of polystyrene-supported gallium trichloride (PS/GaCl₃) as a highly active and reusable heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst is presented. In this catalytic system, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols as well as phenols were converted to the corresponding acetates and benzoates with high yields. The heterogenized catalyst is of high reusability and stability in the acetylation reactions and was recovered several times with negligible loss in its activity or a negligible catalyst leaching, and also there is no need for regeneration. Remarkably, a selective mono-acetylation of symmetrical diols can be achieved chemoselectively by employing the same catalyst.     

Green and Efficient Procedure for the Trimethylsilylation of Hydroxy Groups and Their Regeneration Using Sulfamic Acid as Recyclable Catalyst

Structurally diverse alcohols and phenols were efficiently transformed into their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in the presence of catalytic amounts of sulfamic acid (SA) at room temperature under both acetonitrile and solvent-free conditions. Deprotection of these trimethylsilyl ethers to their parent alcohols and phenols was also achieved using this catalyst in water at room temperature.     

Rapid and Efficient Method for Acetylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Acetic Anhydride Catalyzed by Silica Sulfate

A rapid and efficient method is described for acetylation of a series of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride catalyzed by silica sulfate solid acid at room temperature or at refluxing temperature in excellent yield.     

Alumina Sulfuric Acid as an Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the O-Silylation of Alcohols,Phenols, and Oximes

Alumina sulfuric acid as a recyclable catalyst conducts the transformation of various types of alcohol, phenols, and oximes with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) to the corresponding O-trimethylsilylated compounds in good to excellent yields under mild and ambient conditions with short reaction times. The method is highly selective for the conversion of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols. Additionally, the catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least eight times without detectable loss of reactivity.     

Efficient Acetylation of Alcohols,Phenols, and Amines Catalyzed by Melamine Trisulfonic Acid (MTSA)

Melamine trisulfonic acid (MTSA) was easily prepared by the reaction of melamine with neat chlorosulfonic acid at room temperature. This reagent can be used as an efficient catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines with Ac₂O under mild and completely heterogeneous reaction conditions.     

Synthesis and Reactions of (6-Methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetyl Azide

Nitrosation of (6-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-3-pyrimidinyl)acetic acid hydrazide using sodium nitrite in acid medium gave the corresponding azide. Reaction of the latter with alcohols or phenols gave carbamates and with amines gave carbamides.     

Molecular iodine in isopropenyl acetate (IPA): a highly efficient catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, amines and phenols under solvent free conditions

Iodine in isopropenyl acetate (IPA) is a highly efficient catalyst for the acetylation of a variety of alcohols, phenols and amines under solvent free conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols, amines and mono to polyhydroxy phenols and anilines with electron donating or withdrawing substituents can be easily acetylated in good to excellent yield at 85-90 °C.     

对氨基苯磺酸铜/乙酸催化醇和酚的四氢吡喃化反应(英文)

考察了对氨基苯磺酸盐(铜、镍、锌、钴、铝、镉、锰、镧、亚钸、谱、钕、钐、铕、铽、镝、钬、铒)和布朗斯特酸在醇和酚的四氢吡喃化反应中的协同催化效应.其中,对氨基苯磺酸铜与乙酸的协同催化效果最好.室温无溶剂条件下,各种醇和酚的四氢吡喃化反应产率均较高.反应结束后,对氨基苯磺酸铜重复使用6次,催化活性无明显下降.     

Rapid and highly efficient trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) catalyzed by reusable zirconyl triflate, [ZrO(OTf)2]

In this paper, rapid and efficient trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane in the presence of catalytic amounts of ZrO(OTf)₂ is reported. Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols as well as phenols were efficiently converted to their corresponding TMS ethers in short reaction times at room temperature. It is noteworthy that this method can be used for chemoselective silylation of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary and tertiary alcohols and phenols.     

Rice husk: Introduction of a green,cheap and reusable catalyst for the protection of alcohols,phenols, amines and thiols

A mild, efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the chemoselective protection of benzylic and primary and less hindered secondary aliphatic alcohols and phenols as trimethylsilyl ethers and different types of amines as N-tert-butylcarbamates is developed using rice husk (RiH) as the catalyst. This reagent is also able to catalyze the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines with acetic anhydride. Easy work-up, relatively short reaction times, excellent yields and low cost, availability and reusability of the catalyst are the striking features of this methodology, which can be considered to be one of the best and general methods for the protection of alcohols, phenols, thiols and amines. In addition, the use of a green reagent in the above-mentioned reactions results in a reduction of environmental pollution and of the cost of the applied methods.     

Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry/Mass Spectrometry as Screening Technique for Alcohols and Phenols in Fuels

Liquid chromatography (LC)/electro-chemistry/mass spectrometry (MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) has been used for the determination of several alcohols and alkylphenols in gasoline and diesel fuels. After rapid sample preparation and a derivatization step with ferrocenecarboxylic acid chloride, the LC separation resulted in complex chromatograms. Selected mass traces helped to identify several groups of alcohols and phenols. Only a sum parameter could be obtained for alcohols and phenols of the same molecular mass because of the large number of structural isomers that were not chromatographically resolved in the mass traces. The results for qualitative screening of seven gasoline and four diesel fuel samples are presented. Apart from alcohols and phenols, several other compounds were also found in the samples. Many of these unknown compounds could be arranged in four series of homologues with a mass difference of 14 mass units. The potential of the method to analyze alcohol and phenol patterns without chromatographic separation was studied using both nanospray and electrospray ion sources in combination with tandem-MS.     

3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated O- and S-glycosides and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols

A simple procedure for the synthesis of 2,3-unsaturated glycosides in acetonitrile and tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols and phenols in dichloromethane in the presence of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is described. A variety of alcohols and thiols are reacted with glycals to give the desired products in high yields with high α-selectivity.     

Tetrahydropyranylation of Alcohols and Phenols Using the Synergistic Catalyst System, Copper(II) Chloride-Acetic Acid

Summary. Copper(II) chloride-acetic acid was found to be an efficient synergistic catalytic system for the tetraphydropyranylation of various alcohols and phenols in high yields at room temperature in short reaction times.     

Superparamagnetic iron oxide as an efficient and recoverable catalyst for rapid and selective trimethylsilyl protection of hydroxyl groups

At room temperature and under solvent‐free conditions, various types of alcohols and phenols were efficiently protected within a few minutes using hexamethyldisilazane and magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄. Preferential protection of primary alcohols was observed when they competed with secondary or tertiary alcohols. Highly selective protection of phenols in the presence of aromatic amines or thiophenol was also observed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sulfamic Acid Catalysed Acetylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Acetic Anhydride

An easy acetylation of alcohols and phenols with acetic anhydride has been carried out in excellent yield under catalysis of sulfamic acid.