Temperature-controlled selective reduction of arenesulfonyl chlorides promoted by samarium metal in DMF

Promoted by samarium in DMF, arenesulfonyl chlorides can be selectively reduced to diaryldisulfones, diarylthiosulfonates and diaryldisulfides in good to excellent yields by reaction temperature control without the need to pretreat or activate the metallic samarium.     

Synthesis of a Lipodisaccharidic Reagent for the Chemical Modification of Enzymes

ABSTRACT

The preparation of an amphiphilic lipodigalactosyl hemiacetal is described. Use of benzoyl protecting groups and mild conditions for detritylation allow preparation of a 1-α-C-allyl galactosyl acceptor without intramolecular acyl transfer. Condensation with a lipogalactosyl donor and cleavage of the protecting groups gave a C-allyl disaccharide. Reductive ozonolysis of the double bond yielded an aldehyde which spontaneously formed a cyclic hemiacetal with the C-2 hydroxyl group. In the Lewis acid catalyzed allylation of the penta-O-acetyl galactose with allyltrimethylsilane, the reactivity of the β-anomer is much higher than that of the α-anomer.     

Superacidic low-temperature cyclization of terpenols and their acetates

The superacidic low-temperature cyclization of terpenols and their acetates by fluorosulfonic acid represents a highly efficient chemo- and structurally selective and stereospecific process. Homoallylic alcohols (-isomers of cycloterpenols) are the products of cyclization of terpenols; the configuration of the hydroxymethyl group in the products is predetermined by the configuration of the allylic double bond in aliphatic or partially cyclized precursors. The cyclization of terpenyl acetates yields monoacetates of fully cyclized diastereomeric primary-tertiary -diols. Their stereochemistry also depends on the configuration of the allylic double bond in the starting substrates.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2494–2506, December, 1995.     

Phenyldioxaborolane promoted synthesis of bisphosphine compounds

Bisphosphine compounds have a wide range of applications. In this paper, we reported that bisphosphine compounds could be prepared in moderate to good yields from dialkyl acylphosphonates under mild conditions in the presence of phenyldioxaborolane and potassium hydroxide via a C-P bond cleavage and a subsequent 1,2-migration of phosphoryl group.     

Glycosylation reactions with ‘disarmed’ thioglycoside donors promoted by N-iodosuccinimide and HClO4-silica

Glycosylation of ‘disarmed’ thioglycosides promoted by NIS in the presence of HClO₄ immobilized on silica compares very favourably with the accepted NIS-TfOH procedure.     

Hydrogen-transfer reduction of carbonyl compounds promoted by nickel nanoparticles

Nickel(0) nanoparticles, generated from nickel(II) chloride, lithium powder and a catalytic amount of 4,4-di-tert-butylbiphenyl (DTBB) in THF at room temperature, have been found to promote the reduction of a variety of ketones and aldehydes by transfer hydrogenation using isopropanol as the hydrogen donor. The nickel nanoparticles were characterised and could be re-utilised with a good performance in the absence of a base. A mechanistic study demonstrates that the reaction proceeds through a dihydride-type mechanism.     

Synthesis of substituted phenols via 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene promoted condensation of carbonyl compounds with DMF

A novel and efficient metal-free synthesis of phenolic compounds was developed via coupling cyclization of DMF as a carbon source with active methylene compounds such as 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with the assistance of 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene. The method we used was different from other traditional phenol functionalization methods. In the reaction, the 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene as a promoter which unlike our previous research on 1,1-dichloro-2-nitroethene. The method allows the convenient construction of phenolic compounds under mild reaction conditions and moderate yields.     

Homocoupling of aryl halides promoted by an NiCl2/bpy/Mg system in DMF

Homocoupling of aryl halides (2 ArX → Ar―Ar) promoted by NiCl₂/2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy)/Mg mixtures in DMF has been studied. Mixtures of NiCl₂, bpy and Mg in DMF promoted homocoupling of aryl halides such as phenyl bromide and p‐tolyl bromide to give the coupling products in good (e.g. approximately 60–75%) yields, and the homocoupling products were easily isolated from the reaction mixtures. Application of this homocoupling to dibromo‐aromatic compounds (Br–arylene–Br: 2,5‐dibromopyridine, 2,7‐dibromo‐9.9‐dioctylfluorene and 2,7‐dibromo‐9,10‐dioctyl‐9,10‐dihydrophenanthrene) gave the corresponding π‐conjugated polymers, –(arylene)_n–, in good yields. Organometallic processes for the homocoupling are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new strategy for the synthesis of α,β-diaroylpropionates promoted by samarium metal in DMF

When promoted by samarium in DMF, aroyl chlorides react readily with acrylates to afford α,β-diaroylpropionates in good to excellent yields without pretreating or activating the metallic samarium.     

Oxa-Michael addition promoted by the aqueous sodium carbonate

An efficient Michael addition of alcohols to activated alkenes promoted by sodium carbonate with water as reaction medium has been developed. The reaction provides a general, economical and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of β-alkoxycarbonyl compounds.     

N,N-二甲基甲酰胺吸收氮氧化物对1,2-二芳基肼的氧化

报道了将NO~X废气吸收在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中氧化1,2-二取代芳基肼制备对称的偶氮化合物。结果表明,DMF-NO~X是一种优良的氧化体系,在温和的条件下,高产率地将8个1,2-二取代芳基肼氧化为相应的偶氮化合物。     

Cycloaddition of hydrazones and 1, 2-diarylalkynes promoted by t-BuOK/DMF: A convenient synthesis of tetraarylpyrazoles

A facile synthesis of tetraarylpyrazoles has been developed via t-BuOK/DMF promoted intermolecular cycloaddition of hydrazones and 1,2-diarylalkynes.     

Manganese(III) acetate promoted acetoxylation of various α,β-unsaturated cyclopentanones

We describe the results of manganese(III) acetate based regioselective oxidation of various α,β-unsaturated cyclopentanones leading to α′-acetoxy α,β-unsaturated cyclopentanones in good yields. Products due to monophenyl and diphenyl substituted dimerization have been identified as byproducts of the reaction.     

Reversible stereocontrol in the Lewis acid promoted reaction of alkoxyaldehydes toward various allyltins

In the reactions of variously substituted allyltin reagents toward achiral alkoxyaldehydes, one of the diastereomeric homoallyl alcohols was stereoselectively obtained by the help of BF₃, while TiCl₄ preferentially gave the other diastereomer, though (E)- and (Z)-3-monoalkylallyltin reagents were exceptional. This reversible diastereoselectivity can be explained by the coordination geometry (anti or syn) of the Lewis acids toward alkoxyaldehydes.     

Highly enantioselective formal aza-Diels-Alder reactions with acylhydrazones and Danishefsky's diene promoted by a silicon Lewis acid

Silicon Lewis acid 3 is effective for the promotion of highly enantioselective cycloaddition reactions of acylhydrazones with Danishefsky's diene (formal aza-Diels-Alder reactions). The reactions are conducted at ambient temperature for 15 min, and produce the products in good yield and with high levels of enantioselectivity. A remarkable solvent-dependent reversal in the sense of absolute stereochemical induction has been observed. The method has been applied to an efficient and stereoselective synthesis of the neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist casopitant.     

Endogenous arene hydroxylation promoted by copper(I) cluster helicates

A novel neutral triple-stranded hexanuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [Cu(I)(6)L(3)]·2CH(3)CN derived from a thiosemicarbazone ligand could be synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The MALDI mass spectrum of this complex suggests that the tetranuclear copper(I) cluster helicate [Cu(I)(4)L(2)] is also present in solution. These copper(I) cluster helicates are capable, in the presence of O(2), of hydroxylating the arene linker of their supporting ligand strands. The resulting dinuclear complex [Cu(II)(2)L'(OH)] is formed by two copper(II) centers, a new ligand arising from the hydroxylation reaction, and one hydroxide group. The magnetic investigation of this compound shows a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu(II) centers. The kinetic studies for the hydroxylation process show values of ΔH(≠)=-70 kJ mol(-1), similar to those mediated by the tyrosinase enzymes.     

Gallium(III) halide promoted synthesis of 1,3,5-triaryl- 1,5-dihalo-1,4-pentadienes

Aryl substituted alkynes undergo smooth coupling with aldehydes in the presence of gallium(III) halides under extremely mild conditions to afford the corresponding 1,3,5-triaryl-1,5-dihalo-1,4-pentadienes in good yields with E,Z-selectivity. Similarly 1,3,5-triaryl-1,5-dichloro-1,4-pentadienes are also obtained with niobium(V) chloride.     

Synthesis and Characterization of the Highly Unstable Metalloid Cluster Ag64(PnBu3)16Cl6

The reduction of (ⁿBu₃P)AgCl with LiBH(^sBu)₃ in toluene gives the metalloid silver cluster Ag₆₄(PⁿBu₃)₁₆Cl₆ ( 1 ) as dark red, temperature‐ and light‐sensitive single crystals in high yield. 1 is the largest structurally characterized metalloid silver cluster exhibiting chlorine and phosphine substituents only. The silver atoms in 1 show an overall brick‐shape arrangement, where structural resemblance to the close‐packed fcc and hcp structures is realized. Within 1 a 58 electron closed shell system is present. The light sensitivity renders 1 as a model compound for the primary seeds of the photo process, whereby this sensitivity, together with the high‐yield synthesis show that 1 is a perfect starting compound for further investigations like silver‐plating processes.