侧向爆炸冲击波加载作用下钢管吸能特性的实验研究

在爆炸冲击波作用下 ,对横卧单、双钢管吸能特性进行了实验研究。得出了影响钢管吸能效果的主要因素是几何尺寸、吸能元件配重的质量、结构形式等 ,且双钢管吸能元件的吸能效果好于单钢管的结论。     

Interaction of a Shock Wave with a Spherical Gas–Liquid Cluster

Experimental studies were performed of the interaction of a plane shock wave with a spherical gas–liquid cluster (polyurethane foam ball saturated with a bubbly liquid) in a vertical shock tunnel filled with a liquid. The cluster was shown to generate a solitary pressure wave of large amplitude.     

Interaction of a Streamwise Vortex with an Oblique Shock Wave

Interaction of a supersonic streamwise vortex with an oblique shock wave is considered. A mathematical model of the streamwise vortex is constructed. Three interaction regimes (weak, moderate, and strong) are found. It is shown numerically that vortex breakdown is possible in the case of strong interaction. The influence of the governing parameters on the interaction type is studied. It is shown that the main effect on the interaction type is exerted by the streamwise velocity and angle of the wedge forming the shock wave. The effect of splitting of the primary vortex on the shock wave in the case of moderate and strong interaction regimes is found.     

Evolution of the Diffusion Mixing Layer of Two Gases upon Interaction with Shock Waves

A mathematical model of mechanics of a twovelocity twotemperature mixture of gases is developed. Based on this model, evolution of the mixing layer of two gases with different densities under the action of shock and compression waves is considered by methods of mathematical simulation in the onedimensional unsteady approximation. In the asymptotic approximation of the full model, a solution of an initialboundary problem is obtained, which describes the formation of a diffusion layer between two gases. Problems of interaction of shock and compression waves with the diffusion layer are solved numerically in the full formulation. It is shown that the layer is compressed as the shock wave traverses it; the magnitude of compression depends on shockwave intensity. As the shock wave passes from the heavy gas to the light gas, the mixing layer becomes overcompressed and expands after shockwave transition. The wave pattern of the flow is described in detail. The calculated evolution of the mixinglayer width is in good agreement with experimental data.     

Interaction of a gasdynamic shock with small disturbances

The stability of shock wave based on the definition of Landau and Lifschitz^[1] is treated in this paper. This is tantamount to solving the problem of interaction of small disturbances with a shock wave. Small disturbances are introduced on both sides of a steady, non-dissipative, plane shock wave. Landau et al.^[1] obtained the stability criterionM ₁>1,M ₂<1 for small disturbances which are travelling in the direction perpendicular to the shock wave. In the present paper, we assume that the small disturbances may be two dimensional, i.e. they may be propagating in the direction inclined to the shock wave. The conclusions obtained are: regardless of whether the incident wave and diverging wave are defined according to the direction of the phase velocity or the group velocity, the shock wave is unstable for some frequencies and longitudinal wave lengths of the disturbances, even if the conditionsM ₁>1,M ₂<1 are fulfilled. Then several experiments are proposed, and the problem of ways to define the incident wave and diverging wave is discussed. The meaning of this problem is illustrated. The same results can be obtained for the steady shock wave in a tube.     

缺陷源摆动的对传波

基于流体力学方程组,对长高比Γ=30腔体内混合流体对流中缺陷源摆动的对传波的特性进行了数值模拟.结果发现,当分离比Ψ=-0.6时,缺陷源摆动的对传波的缺陷源由两个对流圈同时被拉长同时被分裂后形成.对传波的存在区间为Dr=0.198,对传波的摆动周期较小并且基本都稳定在T_o=4.8.对传波的摆动幅度较小并且几乎不随着相对瑞利数r变化.当Ψ=-0.2时,对传波的缺陷源下方対流圈轴线与缺陷源移动方向保持一致,没有对传波分支产生.对传波的缺陷源上方存在多个与缺陷源移动方向几乎垂直的対流圈的轴线,存在对传波分支,在对传波分支上出现间歇性的缺陷.从而形成具有单侧缺陷的缺陷源摆动的对传波.对传波的存在区间为Dr=0.16.对传波的摆动周期为To=65.9-85并且随着相对瑞利数的增加而增加.对传波的摆动幅度较大,并且随着相对瑞利数的增加而减小.     

瓦斯爆炸过程中激波的诱导条件及其分析

在实验的基础上，研究了瓦斯爆炸过程中激波的产生条件．研究结果表明，障碍物和薄膜的存在对瓦斯爆炸过程中激波的产生具有重要影响．当有障碍物存在时，瓦斯爆炸过程中火焰的传播速度将迅速提高，并可诱导激波的产生；同样，在瓦斯爆炸破膜过程中也将产生激波现象．因此，为了减轻瓦斯爆炸的破坏作用，应尽量减少矿井巷道中的障碍物并加固好风门与密闭墙，以防发生破膜现象，导致激波的产生．研究结果对指导现场如何防治瓦斯爆炸，减轻瓦斯爆炸的威力具有重要作用．     

激波与堆积粉尘相互作用的数值模拟

基于双流体模型和测定的堆积粉尘的本构方程 ,利用AUSM+ 格式 ,对激波与堆积粉尘的相互作用进行了数值模拟。计算所反映的流场结构与实验图像一致。此外还对激波强度 ,颗粒材料密度等对流场的影响进行了讨论。     

The Formation of Shock Waves of the Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics

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一种新的运动激波--非定常边界层相互干扰现象

本文探讨了一种新的激波－非定常边界层相互干扰现象，这种激波－边界层干扰现象既不同于定常激波－边界层干扰现象，又不同于激波在端面反射后与该激波所诱导的边界层之间的干扰现象，而是运动激波与稀疏波和第一激波所诱导的非这常边界层之间的干扰现象，本文对这种现象用微波动力学理论进行分析，并把这种干扰现象看成激波的绕射现象，同时在稀疏波破膜的双驱动激波管中进行实验观察，最后把理论分析与实验观察进行了比较。     

机动方舱核爆炸冲击波动力响应和安定性分析

本文以核爆炸当量、高度、距离为参数，采用等超压圆给出了普通方舱和防核加固方舱结构在核冲击波下的安全域。研究了限制舱体倾斜的压力条件。本文还以冲击波压力的时间函数为激励，求解了方舱的动力响应。从试验结果推论和计算模拟两方面，分析了方舱承受冲击波的能力。     

Momentum and Energy Transfer in a Shock Wave

The macroparameter profiles in a strong shock wave propagating in a single-component monatomic gas are investigated. The interaction between the molecules is described by the variable-diameter sphere model. Qualitative information concerning the shock wave parameters is obtained by direct statistical simulation (Monte-Carlo) method. Using the data obtained, simple approximate gas-velocity dependences of the stress and the heat flow are found and the linear Newton and Fourier relations are generalized.     

Propagation of the Energy of Nonlinearly Elastic Plane Waves

The propagation of the energy of nonlinearly elastic plane waves in a Murnaghan material is simulated on a computer. The velocity of energy propagation is found in an explicit form. A procedure of determining the critical values of the time and space coordinates for the given material is described. The resultant plots are discussed and analyzed     

Interaction Between a Slow Magnetohydrodynamic Shock Wave and a Tangential Discontinuity

The self-similar problem of the oblique interaction between a slow MHD shock wave and a tangential discontinuity is solved within the framework of the ideal magnetohydrodynamic model. The constraints on the initial parameters necessary for the existence of a regular solution are found. Various feasible wave flow patterns are found in the steady-state coordinate system moving with the line of intersection of the discontinuities. As distinct from the problems of interaction between fast shock waves and other discontinuities, when the incident shock wave is slow the state ahead of it cannot be given and must to be determined in the process of solving the problem. As an example, a flow in which the slow shock wave incident on the tangential discontinuity is generated by an ideally conducting wedge located in the flow is considered. The basic features of the developing flows are determined.     

Computations of Interaction of an Incident Oblique Shock Wave with a Turbulent Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

Results of numerical simulation of interaction between an oblique shock wave and a turbulent boundary layer formed in a supersonic (Mach number M =5) flow past a flat plate are presented. The computations are performed for three cases of interaction of different intensity, which result in an attached or detached flow. Numerical results are compared with experimental data. The effect of flow turbulence and shockwave unsteadiness on flow parameters is studied.     

Formation and Amplification of Shock Waves in a Bubble “Cord”

The structure and dynamics of the wave field generated by a bubble system in the form of an axial bubble cylinder (cord) excited by a plane shock wave propagating along the axis in an axisymmetric shock tube are numerically examined. It is shown that consecutive excitation of oscillations of the bubble zone results in formation of a quasi-steady shock wave in the cord and in the ambient liquid. Results of the numerical analysis of the maximum amplitude of the resulting wave as a function of problems parameters are described.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 46–52, September–October, 2005.     

斜激波和可压缩流向涡相互作用的实验观察

激波和可压缩流向涡相互作用现象近年来成为流体力学研究中的一个热点。本文在激波风洞中研究了可压缩流向涡与斜激波相互作用的现象。实验发现,相互作用后激波和旋涡均发生不同程度变形,但旋涡未发生明显破碎。并且发现在干扰点附近,从涡核发出一束膨胀波,这些膨胀波与斜激波作用,使得激波干扰后发生弯曲。     

Collective Bow Shock Ahead of a Transverse System of Spheres in a Supersonic Flow Behind a Moving Shock Wave

The results of investigating the dynamics and physical conditions of formation of a collective bow shock ahead of a system of spheres with the line of centers normal to the supersonic flow behind a traveling shock wave are presented. Two types of shock-wave patterns that necessarily precede the formation of the collective shock wave and correspond to regular and Mach interaction of the bow shocks were detected experimentally. On the basis of a local gasdynamic-discontinuity interference theory, quantitative criteria of the existence of these regimes and of the formation of a common shock wave are determined. These criteria are confirmed in a series of experiments for the transitional regimes.     

Instability of an Interface between Steel Layers Acted upon by an Oblique Shock Wave

This paper reports results of experiments in which development of instability was observed on the interface between two identical metals in tight contact with passage of an oblique shock wave through it. Numerical modeling of experimental results was performed by a twodimensional Lagrangian procedure using an elastoplastic model with a functional dependence of the dynamic yield point on the state variables of the material. The calculations showed that perturbations develop only in the presence of a technological microgap of several tens of micrometers between the metal layers. Unloading of the material behind the oblique shock front into the gap gives rise to a considerable shortterm velocity gradient. Simultaneously, near the interface behind the wave front there is a shortterm loss of strength of the material due to thermal softening and the heterogeneous nature of the deformation.