同步辐射纳米成像技术的发展与应用

伴随着相关技术的进步,X射线纳米成像方法近年来得到了长足的发展,并在能源材料、工业催化、生命科学和环境科学等多个科研领域中发挥着重要的作用。文章总结了同步辐射纳米成像技术的发展现状,并结合实例讨论了其在若干学科领域的前沿应用。在此基础上,作者强调了先进数据分析手段和科研大数据发掘等在多尺度、多维度X射线成像领域中所扮演的重要角色。希望通过文章将同步辐射纳米成像技术系统地介绍给读者,以期进一步发掘该技术的潜力,促进其在各个科研领域的应用和推广。     

全自动傅里叶变换红外显微镜及红外图象技术进展

本文介绍了傅里叶变换红外显微镜以及红外图象技术。     

犀牛角及其替代品的红外光谱分析

对犀牛角及其替代品进行红外光谱分析,结果表明,犀牛角在2350cm-1有两个磷脂P-H伸缩振动的吸收峰,水牛角在此处也有两个吸收峰,强度稍高于犀牛角,而其他角样品在此处只有一个吸收峰或无吸收峰;在1733cm-1有氨基己糖和磷脂的C=O伸缩振动弱吸收峰,在881cm-1有牛磺酸的S-O伸缩振动吸收峰,其他角样品都无此吸...     

同步辐射微束荧光CT及其应用新进展

同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT(SR－XFCMT)是将传统的X射线荧光分析法和计算机断层成像（CT）技术有机结合发展起来的一种先进的分析技术.SR-XFCMT可以给出元素在样品内部的分布而不需要对样品进行破坏性的处理, 现已成为很多研究领域的有力工具.文章简要介绍了同步辐射微束荧光CT技术及其应用的最新进展,阐述了同步辐射微束X射线荧光CT的关键问题及其发展的前景.     

IR signature estimation of an object or a target by taking into account atmospheric effects

In this study, a reference infrared (IR) image of an object or a target was analyzed, and the IR signature was calculated. Background and atmospheric effects were decomposed so that the calculation errors were minimized. Depending on the reference IR image, the IR signature at any distance and any angle was estimated while considering atmospheric effects. Calculated results were obtained from IR images taken from the same distance and angle, and were compared with the estimated results. The comparison of the measured and calculated signatures demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed method of estimation.     

红外光谱法与电感耦合等离子体-质谱法联用鉴别花蕊石真伪

鉴别不同产地花蕊石的真伪,测定真、伪花蕊石中Mg、Ca、Al、Fe金属元素的含量,建立花蕊石的鉴别方法。运用傅里叶红外光谱法及电感耦合等离子体-质谱法,通过红外特征峰的归属,测定Mg、Ca、Al、Fe金属元素含量及Ca/Mg差异,对不同产地的花蕊石进行真伪的鉴别及元素含量测定。10个产地的样品中,其中1、3、4、5、6、7、8号样品为真品,2、9、10号样品为伪品。红外光谱法与电感耦合等离子体-质谱法联用可以更准确的鉴别花蕊石真伪,并通过金属元素的含量来判断真品的质量,为花蕊石的鉴别和质量控制提供可靠的依据。     

红外光谱法定性检测皮革中的PVC

对红外光谱仪检测纺织品中的PVC进行了相关研究,对样品的前处理的步骤进行了初步的探索。最终选定以四氢呋喃为溶剂,乙醇为析出剂,对样品中的PVC反复提取两次,获得较为纯净的PVC固体后,做出其红外图谱,结果可以达到定性的目的。     

基于光学和红外特征模拟的植物仿生材料设计制备

植物自身的生理结构和蒸腾作用等生命特征,使其具有独特的光学和红外特征。在光学波段由于叶绿素和水分的共同作用,植物叶片在550,680,1 400和1 900nm等波长附近形成了明显的光谱反射特征变化;在红外波段由于植被蒸腾作用的驱动,使其具备主动调节自身温度的功能,红外特征异于人工材料;基于此提出了一种模拟植物光学和红外特征的仿生材料设计制备方法。在绿色植物光学和红外特性及其形成机理分析基础上,进行了植物仿生材料的组分设计和热传导过程分析,完成了材料传热控制方程建立和结构参数确定。利用水分吸附脱附材料、光学颜料等人工材料,确定了基于光学和红外特征模拟的植物仿生材料制备方法。以聚乙烯醇材料作为植物仿生材料的成型物质和水分吸脱附材料,以铬绿、大分子黄等光学颜料作为材料着色剂,采用化学铸膜方法制备了植物仿生材料薄膜,并进行了实际测试验证。吸脱附测试表明:一定厚度植物仿生材料样品吸附量可达1.3kg·m-2,可满足材料日蒸腾耗水量的要求;光学和红外模拟效果测试表明:植物仿生材料在光学波段(380~2 500nm),特别是1 400和1 900nm波长附近植物水吸收波段)内能够较好模拟植被的光谱反射特性,且具有与绿色植物相似的红外辐射日周期变化趋势,与绿色植物的日平均辐射温差为0.37℃,最大温差0.9℃,其仿生和蒸腾过程模拟效果明显。     

Time-resolved IR spectroscopy of quantum-optics in semiconductors

Time-resolved IR spectroscopy is a powerful non-destructive technique for probing electron dynamics and plasmonics in semiconductors. We present recent experiments in which intense IR laser pulses are used to induce “quantum-optical” phenomena, including gain without population inversion and slow light, in semiconductor nanostructures. The potential advantages of IR Synchrotron radiation to probe these systems are discussed.     

红外光谱法测定聚醚硅油中含氢硅油的含量

以烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和含氢硅油为原料,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,甲苯作溶剂,采用溶液聚合的方法合成了一种新型聚醚硅油。用红外光谱法对合成样品中残留的含氢硅油进行定量分析,利用含氢硅油中Si—H键在2 167 cm-1处的吸收峰,选择司班-60作为内标物,以朗伯-比尔定律为理论依据,推导出样品和内标物的吸光度比(Y)与质量比(X)的线性关系式为Y=kX(k为常数),从而建立了直接红外光谱法测定聚醚硅油中含氢硅油含量的方法。实验测定内标工作曲线为Y=2.072 1X+0.296 3,相关系数r2=0.998 9,通过对方法重现性和回收率的测定,得到了较为满意的结果。该法是确定合成聚醚硅油产品的反应程度和控制产品质量的一种必要手段,同时为调整聚醚硅油的性能提供了依据;从而确定了最佳合成工艺路线及工艺条件。将合成的聚合物经处理后进行了应用实验,该聚合物对醇系和苯系化合物的萃取效果很好,具有广泛的应用前景。     

IR Studies of Inorganic Reactions in a Mull

Abstract

Infrared spectroscopy has rarely been used to study inorganic reactions in the solid state in spite of its advantage that reactants and products can quantitatively be monitored throughout the course of areaction. Manzelli and Taddei¹ - found that KMnO⁴ reacts in alkali iodide matrices to yield IO₃ ^? and MnO² as products, but no spectra of the reaction products were presented Gymkowski, Lamhert, and Kimmel² showed that IO₄ ^? is the initial product, which then decomposes to IO₃ ^?. At 100°, KMnO₄ reacts in a KBr diskt o give Br₂ and MnO₂.³     

GPU-accelerated real-time IR smoke screen simulation and assessment of its obscuration

With the growing demand for the Battlefield Environment Simulation (BES), IR smoke screen, which is computationally expensive and absolutely indispensable, should be modeled true to life and correct in its thermal radiation characteristics. This paper analyzes the features of an IR smoke screen, and represents an IR smoke screen model based on light extinction, particle dispersion and temperature attenuation, which is calculated by GPU and rendered to screen in real time. Thus a method considering both the real-life in profile and the real-time in efficiency is presented. Additionally, the comparison between the simulated results and the measured data is made to verify the correctness of the smoke screen’s obscuration, which illustrates the effect of its interference feature in an infrared scene.     

Design of mini-multi-gas monitoring system based on IR absorption

In this paper, a novel non-dispersive infrared ray (IR) gas detection system is described. Conventional devices typically include several primary components: a broadband source (usually an incandescent filament), a rotating chopper shutter, a narrow-band filter, a sample tube and a detector. But we mainly use the mini-multi-channel detector, electrical modulation means and mini-gas-cell structure. To solve the problems of gas accidents in coal mines, and for family safety that results from using gas, this new IR detection system with integration, miniaturization and non-moving parts has been developed. It is based on the principle that certain gases absorb infrared radiation at specific (and often unique) wavelengths. The infrared detection optics principle used in developing this system is mainly analyzed. The idea of multi-gas detection is introduced and guided through the analysis of the single-gas detection. Through researching the design of cell structure, a cell with integration and miniaturization has been devised. By taking a single-chip microcomputer (SCM) as intelligence handling, the functional block diagram of a gas detection system is designed with the analyzing and devising of its hardware and software system. The way of data transmission on a controller area network (CAN) bus and wireless data transmission mode is explained. This system has reached the technology requirement of lower power consumption, mini-volume, wide measure range, and is able to realize multi-gas detection.     

一种皮革产品的红外无损检验

基于红外光谱法可以对不同形态物质进行结构分析,可对皮革产品进行定性分析。依据红外光谱谱带的数目、位置、形状和强度都随化合物不同而各不相同的特点,将牛皮革、羊皮革和聚氯乙烯（PVC）革的红外谱图进行比对和剖析,并用于皮革产品的检验。通过实验得出,利用红外方法可以快速对皮革产品进行红外无损检验。     

Properties of IR Absorption Spectra of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Material

Abstract

We used the co-decomposition method to make the Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor samples (T_c = 112K) under oxygen partial pressure. Oxygen dependence of high-T_c phase was studied. The infrared absorption spectra of (Bi_1?xPb_x)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+σ superconductor were measured at various temperatures from 98 to 290K. A new IR absorption peak was observed at 1265 cm^?1 below 217K. The intensity of this peak became stronger with temperature decreasing.     

一种紧凑型激光同步辐射光源的初步设计及应用前景

 激光与相对论电子束的康普顿散射可产生高亮度、超短脉冲、辐射波长可调、峰值亮度高的准单色、极化X射线。这是一种新型的激光同步辐射光源，以其造价低、小型紧凑等特点受到人们的重视，成为当前研究的热点。介绍了激光同步辐射光源的性质和特点，对利用北京大学超导加速器装置的电子束产生激光同步辐射进行了初步计算和设计，该波段X射线显示出了诱人的应用前景。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖结构的红外光谱表征与原子力显微镜观测

用傅里叶变换红外光谱对羧甲基茯苓多糖(carboxymethylpachymaran, CMP)的结构进行了表征,用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy, AFM)对不同溶液环境下CMP的形态变化进行了观测。结果表明：经过羧甲基修饰,茯苓多糖在水中的溶解性显著增加,890 cm-1处的β-D-葡聚糖特征吸收峰明显减弱,1 333 cm-1处出现次甲基振动吸收峰,1 606 cm-1处出现CO非对称伸缩振动吸收峰,表明羧甲基化成功;原子力显微镜分析表明：在不同溶液条件下,CMP分子以不同形态存在,多糖溶液的浓度、离子强度及溶剂的物化特性均能对CMP的分子链构象及链间相互作用形式产生影响,推测可能与CMP分子内、分子间的氢键缔合及静电作用有关,CMP分子与云母基底间的吸附及静电作用也会对CMP的分子链构象及图像质量产生影响。     

水杨酸镍配合物的合成和红外光谱研究

用流变相反应法合成了３个水杨酸镍配合物。通过元素分析、ＴＧ确定了这些配合物的组成，并对４０００～４００ｃｍ＾－１的主要红外光谱吸收峰进行了归属；红外光谱表明－水杨酸镍的羟基吸收峰明显地向高波数方向移动，证明其中有氢氧根存在。     

第四代同步辐射光源的光束线站及其应用

随着第四代同步辐射光源的兴起,得益于X射线亮度和相干性的大幅度提升,同步辐射实验技术在谱学、散射和成像等方面取得了显著进步。这些技术能够探测复杂非均匀体系和动态变化过程中的物质结构、成分、化学价态、电子态和磁性等关键信息,在基础科学领域和应用基础研究中发挥关键作用。文章旨在介绍第四代同步辐射光源的线站技术优势,并结合具体例子探讨其在若干物理研究中的应用,同时也讨论了当前存在的工程技术挑战。希望人们能够了解第四代同步辐射光源的光束线站的特点和应用潜力,以促进其在各个科研领域的推广。     

溴化钾质量对红外光谱测试结果的影响

溴化钾(KBr)在中红外区段没有吸收峰,所以常作为红外光谱测试样品的载体。如果溴化钾试剂中混有杂质,则杂质产生的吸收峰会对样品测试的红外光谱形成干扰和影响。对国内外多家厂商的溴化钾试剂分别进行了红外光谱测试,就溴化钾试剂质量对红外光谱测试的影响进行了分析和论述。分析表明,红外光谱实验所选用的溴化钾纯度至少应当在99%以上。