Macrocyclic 5-bromouracil derivatives: synthesis and transformation of a uracil ring

Cyclization of 1,3-bis(ω-bromoalkyl)-5-bromouracil with p-methoxybenzylamine or sodium sulfide led to a series of pyrimidinophanes containing heteroatoms in bridges. An unusual behaviour of the 5-bromouracil ring, namely its contraction into hydantoin units during the cyclization reactions with p-methoxybenzylamine was observed. Sodium sulfide does not affect the 5-bromouracil ring, and no transformation products were observed in the synthesis of pyrimidinophanes with sulfur bridges. A possible reaction mechanism is given.     

Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of sodium triisopropylsilanethiolate: a new way to form chiral thiols

The iridium phosphoramidite complex-promoted regio- and enantioselective reaction of allylic carbonates with sodium triisopropylsilanethiolate produced allylic sulfides in 40-77% yields with up to 97 : 3 (branched?:?linear) and 89% ee, which were readily transformed into chiral thiol in 68% yield with 87% ee or disulfides with two chiral C-S bond centers in 40-73% yields with up to 90 : 10 dr and 99% ee.     

水催化HBrO与OH自由基反应的微观机理

采用密度泛函理论,分别在B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p)和B3LYP/aug-cc-PVTZ理论水平下,系统研究了无水和水催化的OH自由基与HBrO反应,即HBrO+OH和HBrO+OH+H_2O 2个反应的微观反应机理,给出了所有可能发生的反应路径,并指出能量最低的反应通道.对于没有水参与的反应,由于OH自由基进攻HBrO方式不同,存在顺式方向和反式方向2种进攻方式的反应路径;当有一分子水参与反应时,考虑HBrO H_2O复合物与OH自由基的反应和HBrO与H_2O OH复合物2种反应情况,共发现4条不同的反应路径.这2种反应的所有路径均是在OH自由基提取氢之前以氢键复合物形式存在,反应过程均为无势垒加合过程,总反应为放热反应.水对目标反应起催化作用,有效地降低了反应的势垒,可以加快OH自由基和HBrO的消耗速度.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the bromination of crotonic acid by N-bromosuccinimide

The bromination of crotonic acid by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is first order with respect to crotonic acid and zero order with respect toNBS and the rate of the reaction changes linearly with hydrogen ion concentration. The thermodynamic parameters have also been calculated.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the bromination of aromatic compounds by N-bromosuccinimide in solution

The kinetics of bromination of several aromatic compounds (anilides, anisoles, and phenols) was investigated in 80% aqueous acetic acid (v/v) in the temperature range 20–50°C using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as the reagent. The reaction was found to be first order in the aromatic substrate (ArH), and zero order in NBS, the overall order being 1. Stoichiometry of the reaction was 1:1. An increase in solvent polarity increased the reaction rate, and chloride ions were found to be specific catalysts for the reaction. Arrhenius activation energy remained almost constant for all the substrates. A probable mechanism explaining all these observed facts was proposed. The mechanism involved an attack by Br⁺ or more probably by a solvated Br⁺ ion on the aromatic substrate.     

Protonation and bromination of an osmabenzyne: reactions leading to the formation of new metallabenzynes

The reactivities of benzynes and metal-carbyne complexes are normally associated with the triple bond units. However, we have now found that electrophiles do not attack the formal osmium-carbon triple bond of osmabenzyne complex 1. Instead, 1 undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions-the typical reactions of aromatic systems.     

Pyridinium bromochromate: a new and efficient reagent for bromination of hydroxy aromatics

Pyridinium bromochromate (PBC) has been used as an efficient and selective nuclear brominating agent for bromination of various substituted hydroxy-acetophenones, aldehydes and phenols.     

A computational approach to understanding the mechanism of aromatic bromination using quaternary ammonium tribromides

Quaternary ammonium tribromides (QATBs) have garnered interest for nearly a century now. Various types of tribromides have been synthesized over the years and their diverse applications have been extensively reported. However, despite the fact that these reagents are touted as safer alternatives to the very poisonous bromine, there is insufficient information on the structure of Br₃^? in QATB systems and there is still no clear explanation for how the tribromide ion (Br₃^?) participates in bromination reactions. This paper reports a through structural assessment of Br₃^?, followed by an attempt was made to fully understand the mechanistic behaviour of tribromide during bromination of aromatic compounds.     

Intramolecular homolytic substitution at the sulfur atom: an alternative way to generate phosphorus- and sulfur-centered radicals

Two efficient procedures involving tin hydride or thiophenol-mediated intramolecular homolytic substitution at the sulfur atom are reported. They lead to the generation of varied P(V)-centered radicals from the corresponding aryl or alkyne thiophosphorus substrates. The radical formed can be trapped by an olefin via an intermolecular addition, leading to the construction of C-P bonds. Thiophosphination of triple bonds was also achieved using a radical cycloisomerization process. Extension of the methodology to sulfur-containing species was examined.     

Reaction mechanism of deoxyribonucleotidase: a theoretical study

The reaction mechanism of human deoxyribonucleotidase (dN) is studied using high-level quantum-chemical methods. dN catalyzes the dephosphorylation of deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates (dNMPs) to their nucleoside form in human cells. Large quantum models are employed (99 atoms) based on a recent X-ray crystal structure. The calculations support the proposed mechanism in which Asp41 performs a nucleophilic attack on the phosphate to form a phospho-enzyme intermediate. Asp43 acts in the first step as an acid, protonating the leaving nucleoside, and in the second step as a base, deprotonating the lytic water. No pentacoordinated intermediates could be located.     

果糖低温快速热解制备5-羟甲基糠醛的机理研究

提出了一种利用果糖低温快速热解制备5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)并联产糠醛(FF)副产物的方法。通过Py-GC/MS(快速热解-气相色谱/质谱联用)实验,研究果糖快速热解的产物分布特性以及温度对HMF生成的影响。结果表明,HMF是果糖低温快速热解的最主要产物,在350 ℃下可获得最大产率,在250 ℃下可获得最高纯度,相对峰面积含量高达81.2%。此外,通过密度泛函理论计算,研究果糖热解形成HMF的五条可能反应途径。计算结果表明,果糖热解形成HMF的能量最优途径为路径1,即果糖首先发生C2位羟基与C1位氢的脱水,再发生C3位羟基与C1位羟基氢的脱水,最后发生C4位羟基与C5位氢的脱水而形成HMF。     

VOCs adsorption by modified MCM-41 and a new way to recycle adsorbents

MCM-41 was modified by ion exchange of nickel and the adsorptive property was examined using ethylene and n-butane as the representatives of VOCs. The adsorption capacity for n-butane barely changed after modification. The isosteric heat of n-butane adsorption at different coverage was calculated through Clausius–Clapeyron equation and it increased only a little. After modification the maximum adsorption amount for ethylene was 0.59 g g _adsorbent ^?1 at 308 K up to 10⁵ Pa. The adsorption capacity was much higher than former reported adsorbents. A possible mechanism was proposed. After thermal treatment, Ni⁺ ion formed and became the active center of ethylene polymerization. Carbon chain lengths of the final products were limited to the sizes of molecular sieves. Catalytic polymerization and adsorption was considered as a new route for ethylene adsorption. We also declared a new way to recycle the adsorbents by washing with organic solution.