140 GHz 回旋振荡管高频腔体的数值模拟*

根据热核聚变用回旋管整管技术要求,对140 GHz 回旋振荡管进行研究,设计了高频腔体结构的尺寸,并通过 非线性理论计算程序对高频腔体进行了分析。研究表明,在工作电压82 kV,注电流45 A,电子注横向与纵向速度比为1.5 时,所设计的回旋振荡管输出功率为1.5 MW,效率达到41.4%,符合140 GHz 整管参数设计要求,从而为热核聚变用回旋振荡 管的研究打下技术基础。     

Conceptual design of a 42 GHz, 200 kW gyrotron operating in the TE5,2 mode

This paper deals with the conceptual design of a 42 GHz, 200 kW continuous wave gyrotron operating in the TE _5,2 mode with radial output coupling. The basic motivation and selection criteria are discussed and the design of the resonant cavity, magnetron injection gun, radio frequency (RF) guiding system, quasioptical output coupler and RF window is presented.     

A High-Gain, 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a high efficiency/gain gyroklystron amplifier is performed to demonstrate amplified radiation power of 200kW operating at 28GHz. A key design feature of the present gyroklystron amplifier is that the amplifier is designed to be high gain so that it can be saturated by a low power solid state power amplifier. A non-linear, time-dependent, large signal numerical code is used to predict tube performance. Simulations predict that a stable amplifier radiation power of 214kW is produced with a saturated gain of 54dB, an electronic efficiency of 37%, and a frequency bandwidth of 0.3% from a five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The amplifier gain is found to be very sensitive to a beam velocity spread.     

An Iron-Free Magnetron-Injection-Gun for a 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a double-anode magnetron-injection-gun is performed to incorporate the electron gun into a high power 28GHz gyroklystron amplifier operating at 70kV and 8.2A. The electron gun is designed to be used in a tapered magnetic field in the cathode region produced from an iron-free superconducting magnet. An electron trajectory code predicts a beam axial velocity spread of 5.9% at α = 1.5, 70kV, 8.2A and 10.4kG, which is a high quality electron beam suitable for the high gain, high efficiency, five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The successful design of the high quality electron gun is attributed to a longer gap between the modulating anode and the grounded anode compared with the case of the first 28GHz electron gun built with an iron enclosed electromagnet.     

94GHz连续波40kW回旋振荡管高频系统的设计

W波段的高功率连续波回旋管振荡器在毫米波非致命武器等领域有着重要的应用。该文首先通过起振电流的计算,确定了工作模式,继而利用自行开发的自洽非线性计算程序GYROSC对工作在94GHz频率的连续波回旋振荡管高频系统进行了模拟计算和优化设计。结果表明,设计的W波段连续波回旋管可获得输出功率40kW,电子效率大于30%。     

Computer Simulation of a 5.7GHz, 110kW Transit-Time Oscillator

A high-power transit-time oscillator producing 110kW at 5.7GHz in the TM₀₁₀ cavity mode is described. The device comprises a temperature-limited diode electron gun operating at 40A in the range from 28kV to 35kV and an intermediate coaxial cavity from which the microwave power is extracted through a TEM coaxial guide. The diode serves also as a resonant cavity, where electromagnetic oscillations are grown from noise. The effect of the applied voltage on both the output microwave power and the instability saturation time has been investigated leading to an optimal diode voltage of 33kV.     

220GHz回旋管多模自恰非线性模拟

采用了回旋管多模自洽非线性注-波互作用理论,在多个模式同时存在下,每个模式的纵向场随时间和空间变化,最终达到平衡状态。编制了多模自洽非线性计算程序,对220 GHz回旋管进行了数值计算,分析了回旋管中的模式竞争问题,验证了设计的合理性。     

Design of a 24 GHz, 25-50 kW Technology Gyrotron Operating at the Second Harmonic

The preliminary design of a moderate (25-50 kW) gyrotron operating at the ISM (industrial, scientific, medical) frequency of 24.1 GHz is presented. Operation at the second harmonic is considered so that one can obtain radiation at the given frequency with only half the magnetic field required.     

225 GHz回旋管同轴输出结构的数值模拟

在225 GHz回旋管同轴输出腔结构特性的基础上,采用三维电磁软件给出了输出腔后同轴输出结构的设计。数值模拟了内轴不同半径和截断长度对传输效率和带宽的影响,并由此设计出中心频率225 GHz、传输效率为96.2%、带宽接近4GHz的同轴输出结构。     

Reliability Test of the 170GHz Gyrotron for ITER

Using the ITER relevant 170 GHz gyrotron, repetitive operation with long pulse and high power is conducted. The first consecutive days repetitive operation with ITER equivalent condition (800 kW/600 s with 20 min interval) is successfully performed in JAEA gyrotron test stand in order to obtain a basic data of the reliability of the current gyrotron system. Seventy-two shots out of 88 shots were successfully continued until the end of the pulse (600 s). The successful rate was 82%. The results demonstrate the feasibility of gyrotron operating at a high reliability for high power long pulse operation for ITER like conditions.     

426GHz回旋管准光模式变换器

采用几何光学模型研究并设计了一个由Vlasov矩形开口辐射器和两级曲面反射器组成的太赫兹回旋管准光模式变换器。利用几何光学理论对Vlasov型准光模式变换器进行了初步设计,采用矢量绕射理论对准光模式变换器进行了详细的分析并编写相应程序,最后结合具体设计参数,得到工作模式在模式变换器中的变换过程。模拟结果表明,太赫兹回旋管中的TE0.6模式在输出窗处被转换为能量集中的准Gauss波束,其效率为89．0％。     

A 100 kW, 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron

The design and operation of a 100 kW, 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron are reported. To our knowledge, this is the highest frequency at which high gyrotron output power (>-100 kW) has been achieved. Results are presented for gyrotron operation in the range of magnetic field from 4 to 7 T, voltage from 23 to 80 kV and current up to 7.5 A. Near a value of magnetic field of 5.4 T, and output power of 100 kW was obtained at 140.4 GHz in single mode operation in the TE₀₃₁ resonator mode.     

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of a New Type of Complex Cavity for Gyrotron Applications

A new type of complex cavity structure is used to improve the selectivity of modes in gyrotron resonant cavity with a rational position of inter-cavity wall and the shape of coupling holes between inter- and outer-cavities. The resonant characteristics of the complex cavity operating in TE₀₂₁/TE₀₃₁ mode at Ka frequency band are simulated and analyzed with Ansoft HFSS code, which shows that mode competition can effectively be alleviated with the cavity structure and it may be useful to the formation of clustered-cavity for extending interaction frequency bandwidth.     

220 GHz同轴腔回旋管的研究

同轴谐振腔是目前有望提高电子效率的方法之一,在圆柱腔中加入内导体轴,可以使工作模附近的模谱变稀有利于模式选择,抑制模式竞争,有利于电子束的降压回收。本文通过对同轴波导进行理论研究,分析了各种参数对其的影响,并用计算机编程进行数值分析,最终得出了理论上电子效率可以达到40%以上的同轴腔体结构。     

大回旋电子注双磁会切电子枪的数值模拟

该文分析了双磁会切电子枪的理论模型,建立了会切磁场模型,采用EGUN和MAGIC模拟,设计出了产生大回旋电子注的双磁会切电子枪,该枪的电子注速度比为1.38,轴向速度零散为3.7%。文中分析了电子注速度比、速度零散沿轴线的分布情况,进而讨论了不同的会切磁场变换宽度对电子注参量所带来的影响,为双磁会切电子枪设计的参量选择提供了依据。     

Numerical Simulation Models of Forming Systems of Intense Gyrotron Helical Electron Beams

Potentialities of different numerical models for calculation of helical electron beams parameters are analyzed. The most simple and economical with respect to the calculation time static mono-velocity model, as well as the model considering initial velocities of electrons and the dynamic model based on the PIC-method and on the quasi-static concept of the electric field are described. The main physical results obtained on the basis if each model mentioned above are given.     

A 250 GHz, 50 W,CW Second Harmonic Gyrotron

A design concept of a 250 GHz, ≈ 50 W, CW, second harmonic gyrotron for spectroscopy will be presented in this paper. Mode competition, in particular with regard to competition with first harmonic modes, and mode selection procedures are carefully investigated by considering various candidate modes and the TE_6,2 and TE_6,3 modes are chosen as probable operating modes. Cold cavity and self-consistent calculations of power and efficiency are carried out to determine optimum parameters for these two modes. The results indicate that an output power of well over 50 W, CW can be achieved.     

Design of a Ka Band 35 kW CW Low-Voltage Harmonic Gyrotron

In this paper, a continuous wave (CW) low-voltage second harmonic gyrotron with the conventional cavity has been preliminarily designed and evaluated with self-consistent nonlinear simulation code and the particle-in-cell code CHIPIC. The simulation results of the two codes are shown to be in agreement basically. The 35 kW CW output power of the designed harmonic gyrotron driven by a 25 kV 5.0A electron beam from a magnetron injection gun (MIG) is obtained. The maximum output power and the electronic efficiency of the gyrotron is about 35 kW and 30% respectively.     

Numerical Study of Processes in the Cavity of the 170 GHz Gyrotron for ITER Operating at the TE25.10 Mode

The opportunity of use of a TE_25.10 operating mode for CW 170 GHz/1 MW gyrotron for ITER is estimated. Parameters are optimized to achieve maximum efficiency of the gyrotron with an acceptable Ohmic load on the cavity. The influence of unwanted mode conversion at the output of the resonator, mode competition, electron beam potential depression, ion compensation of the space charge and beam energy recovery is investigated.