基于维纳滤波的同轴电缆脉冲信号传输畸变补偿研究

由于同轴电缆的低通传输特性,脉冲信号在同轴电缆中传输时不可避免地会出现畸变,并且畸变程度会随着脉冲信号频率、带宽以及传输距离的增加而增大。创新性地将图像处理领域中的一种图像复原方法——维纳滤波法应用于脉冲信号同轴电缆传输畸变补偿,仅利用同轴电缆的S参数和输出信号即可完成输入信号的重构。并以10 m同轴电缆为对象,采用该方法分别对双指数脉冲信号、高斯调制脉冲信号、调制方波信号进行传输畸变补偿。结果表明:对于不同样式的信号,该方法均具有优异的补偿性能;并且,与工程上常用的衰减补偿法相比,该方法不仅补偿精度高,还具有高的计算效率,在同轴电缆脉冲信号传输畸变补偿中具有很好的实用价值。     

The Distortion Characteristics of a Pulse Wave Propagating through Fog Medium at Millimeter Wave Band

When a pulse wave propagates through fog, the effects of distortion, being severer at millimeter wave band, is caused by fog because of its dispersive property. The transfer function of a pulse signal is obtained by the theory of radio wave propagation; the complex envelope is deduced by the solution of Fourier integral. The broadening and compressing effects of a pulse wave are discussed. The variations of distortion effects with pulse-width, propagation distance and visibility of fog are found. As an example, the simulating and calculating results of distortion effects for Gaussian pulse at millimeter wave band are given.     

基于NI CompactRIO的晶闸管电源同步信号处理系统

HL-2A装置使用脉冲发电机组为装置极向场晶闸管电源供电以驱动线圈负载,晶闸管电源采用相控控制,因此同步信号的质量将直接影响电源的控制精度。HL-2A装置晶闸管电源同步信号取自同步变压器,脉冲发电机组带整流负载的供电方式使得同步信号不仅存在严重的波形畸变,同时还存在同步信号频率在大范围快速变化的特点。根据HL-2A装置晶闸管电源同步信号的特点,采用逐点巴特沃斯滤波器消除波形畸变,并通过实时频率计算和相位重建获得高质量同步信号。基于NI CompactRIO平台设计了晶闸管相控电源同步信号实时处理系统,实验结果表明该系统可有效解决同步信号畸变严重和频率宽范围快速变化的问题。     

Effect of Pumping Pulse Duration on Echo Signal Amplitude in Four-Pulse PELDOR

The impact of pumping pulse duration on four-pulse pulsed electron?Celectron double resonance (PELDOR) data was experimentally studied. For biradicals with known distances between two spin labels, it is shown that refocused echo amplitude decreases with increasing the pumping pulse duration and decreasing the distance between spin labels. The effect becomes substantial when the pumping pulse duration is comparable or exceeds the inverse value of the dipole?Cdipole interaction between spin labels. This effect is essential for determination of distance distribution between labels in double-labeled molecules and for determination of the number of labels in clusters of spin-labeled molecules. PELDOR signal distortion was observed when the pumping pulse position in the time scale coincided with those of the detecting pulses. An approach of signal correction to eliminate this distortion is proposed.     

单稳系统的脉冲响应研究

针对单稳系统检测脉冲信号的参数调节方法很难达到理想随机共振效果的难点, 本文提出了脉冲序列整体平移的方法. 该方法不采用系统参数调节, 而是通过偏移量的设置来实现并达到增强单稳随机共振的目的. 为了减小单稳脉冲响应波形的失真, 探讨了该方法减小脉冲响应失真的机理. 在噪声存在的情况下, 揭示了该平移方法调节噪声使噪声产生积极作用从而改善单稳随机共振的机理, 表明所提方法有利于含噪脉冲信号的检测.     

闪光二号加速器气体主开关同步触发系统

 设计并调试了闪光二号加速器气体主开关同步触发系统。该系统主要由同步控制部分和高压脉冲形成部分构成。整个触发过程包括同步信号的引出、整形滤波、快速比较电路传输、前级脉冲形成、高压脉冲产生。通过对同步信号的整形处理，解决了发生器电流上的高频信号干扰问题；经过快速比较电路和前级脉冲后，选取了同步信号开始工作的时间点，并形成十几V的触发信号；高压脉冲形成部分主开关采用场畸变结合预电离的方式，该结构的气体开关时间响应为50 ns，抖动小于5 ns，满足使用要求。调试结果表明:该系统输出脉冲电压幅值100 kV，前沿小于10 ns，系统的工作时延440 ns，抖动13.5 ns；可通过增加电缆长度来控制触发信号到达气体开关的时刻，实现气体主开关与Marx发生器的延时同步工作。     

超光速群速度与信息传输的有效速度

研究了反常色散介质中脉冲形变对超光速群速度的影响,发现即使光脉冲完全不产生形变群速度仍会超过真空中的光速。但波包的群速度并不等同于信号的传输速度,采用信息论方法,定义了信号的有效传输速度,并用于解释WKD(Wang,Kuzmich,Dogariu)实验。通过计算入射光与出射光信号所携带的信息量,发现由于光的波动衍射及光子散粒噪声的影响,出射光所携带的信息量会损失,使得光信号的有效传播速度不会超过真空中的光速。     

传输线中脉冲信号反射波的测量和应用

将高频单脉冲信号输入同轴电缆，借助数字存储示波器记录输入、输出端的波形和相对延时，可以测量传输线的电缆长度和衰减系数，同时观察脉冲波形因色散引起的畸变．     

Pulse-shape distortion in transmission experiments with incoherent phonons in isotropic solids due to elastic scattering

Assuming homogeneously distributed elastic scattering centers in an isotropic dielectric plate, the transmission and distortion of phonon pulses, that are transmitted from a radiator element to a centered detector element at the opposite face, are investigated theoretically. Analytic expressions are derived for the singlescattered phonon signal due to three different phenomenological scattering characteristics: isotropic scattering, preferential forward scattering, and preferential forward/backward scattering. In particular, we find that the asymptotic decay of the scattered phonon signal depends on the associated scattering characteristic. Numerical results are given for the excitation by a delta pulse using all three scattering characteristics. As a special case, the pulse-shape distortion of a rectangular pulse of 100 ns duration is treated in more detail. Parameter is the ratio of phonon mean free path to plate thickness.     

Negative gastrointestinal contrast enhancement and image distortion induced by superparamagnetic particles at 0.02 Tesla

Gastrointestinal contrast enhancement and image distortion induced by superparamagnetic particles were evaluated in vitro and in rabbits at 0.02 Tesla. Test tubes containing 0.01–1.0 mg particles/ml were imaged in an oil or water bath in order to demonstrate the concentration-dependent signal void and image distortion in vitro at several pulse sequences. The lowest concentration of particles tested clearly decreased the signal intensity. Image distortion was observed when the concentration exceeded 0.07 mg/ml and was more pronounced on the T₂-weighted images. The in vitro T₂ relaxation time decreased from 122 ms to 56 ms with an increase in the particle concentration from 0.01 to 0.06 mg/ml. A loss of the GI-tract signal was observed in rabbits after the administration of 1 mg particles/kg, given as a 0.03 mg/ml suspension. At a dose of 20 mg/kg (0.6 mg/ml suspension) significant image distortion was observed.     

The nonlinear study of microstrip lines containing ferrite dielectric layers

In this paper, the transient responses of microstrip containing ferrite dielectric layers are studied by using extended FD-TD method. When the microwave signal propagating along the microstrip is comparable with the applied DC magnetic field on the ferrite, the nonlinearity of ferrite medium is represented. The propagating procedure of Gaussian pulse in the microstrip are simulated. It is shown that the effects of the pulse amplitude on the transmission distortion of Gaussian pulse is pronounced.     

矩形谱宽带光抽运的布里渊慢光中脉冲失真的分析

在小信号增益条件下推导出了高斯光脉冲经过矩形谱宽带光抽运的布里渊慢光系统后输出脉冲时域振幅包络的近似解析表达式,适用于抽运光频谱具有陡峭上升(下降)沿和平坦顶部的情况.定量分析和比较了光纤色散以及受激布里渊散射增益不均衡和增益所致色散效应对延迟信号光脉冲失真的影响.计算结果表明:当信号光脉冲的频谱处于布里渊有效增益谱内时,解析解与数值解符合,布里渊增益所致三阶色散效应是导致延迟信号光脉冲失真的主要物理因素,制约了窄脉冲延迟量的提高.     

A method to accurately measure and respond to an underwater sound pulse in a wide dynamic range

I.IntroductionTomeasurethesound1evelofanundcrwatersoundpulsewithunknownamplitudeisofimportanceinunderwaterapp1ication.Forinstancc,asimu1ationsystemusedtointerfcresomesonarmusthavesuchfunction,whichhastobeabIctomeasurethesoundlcvelatreceivingpointandretransmitasimulatcdsignalwithrequircdsoundlcvelafterpropcrprocessing.Itisdifficultforanorma1peakorthresho1ddetectortocompletethistask.Thereasonforthisisthattherangeofthesignalamp1itudercaches7O-8odBandthereissomedistortionofsignalwaveform,inaddit…     

<Superscript>33</Superscript>S MAS NMR of a disordered sulfur-doped silicate: Signal enhancement via RAPT,QCPMG and adiabatic pulses

Three different signal enhancement techniques have been applied to ³³S magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) of a disordered silicate containing 1.15 wt% ³³S. Partial saturation of the satellite transitions was achieved using a rotor-assisted population transfer (RAPT) pulse sequence, resulting in a signal enhancement of 1.63, albeit with a slight distortion of the line shape due to selective excitation. Adiabatic inversion of the satellite transitions by various amplitude-and frequency-modulated pulse shapes (such as hyperbolic secant and wideband uniform-rate smooth truncation) was also attempted, resulting in a signal enhancement of up to 1.85, with no apparent line shape distortion. Quadrupolar Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) and RAPT-QCPMG sequences were also used, both of which yielded spikelet spectra that accurately reflected the MAS line shape with a greatly improved signal-to-noise ratio. It is hoped that this study demonstrates that ³³S solid-state MAS NMR is now feasible even on disordered, low-sulfur-content systems.     

Modeling and optimizing of low-repetition-rate high-energy pulse amplification in high-concentration erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Starting from the modeling of isolated ions and ion-pairs, a closed form rate and power evolution equations for pulse amplification in high-concentration erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are constructed. According to the equations, the effects of ion-pairs on the performance of a high-concentration EDFA in steady state including upper-state population, ASE powers without input signal are analyzed numerically. Furthermore, the effects of ion-pairs on the dynamic characteristics of low-repetition-rate pulse amplification in the EDFA including the storied energy, output pulse energy and evolution of pulse waveform distortion are systematically studied by using the finite-difference method. The results show that the presence of the ion-pairs deteriorates amplifier performance, such as the upper-state population, ASE power, storied energy, output pulse energy, and saturated gain, etc. For the high-concentration EDFA, the optimum fiber length should be modified to achieve a better performance. The relations between the evolution of pulse waveform distortion or output pulse energy and the input pulse peak power are also discussed. The results can provide important guide for the design and optimization of the low-repetition-rate pulse amplification in high-concentration EDFAs.     

高置信度强电磁脉冲环境测试技术研究进展与展望

高置信度强电磁脉冲环境测试技术,作为强电磁脉冲研究领域的重要基础共性技术,近年来受到了国内外科研人员的高度关注。主要从天线（传感器）、链路信号传输畸变补偿等方面系统回顾当前高置信度强电磁脉冲环境测试技术研究进展,并结合强电磁脉冲环境生成技术、效应与防护研究发展趋势,阐述强电磁脉冲环境测试面临的挑战,并对高置信度强电磁脉冲环境测试技术发展进行初浅展望,以期为强电磁脉冲技术领域科研人员提供借鉴、参考。     

Sensitive ultrashort pulse chirp measurement

The chirp of an ultrashort laser pulse can be extracted with high accuracy from a modified spectrum auto-interferometric correlation waveform by using a new time domain algorithm that allows signal averaging. We display results revealing high sensitivity to chirp even with signal-to-noise levels approaching unity. Correction algorithms have been developed to accommodate signal distortion arising from bandwidth limitations, interferometer misalignment, and nonquadratic detector response.     

Slow and fast light based on SBS with the spectrum tailoring

In this paper, slow and fast light of a signal pulse of nanosecond duration are achieved in the same experimental device by using band-pass filters to tailor the spectra of spontaneous Brillouin scattering (SPBS) coming from 50 km single-mode optical fibers (SMF) as the pump light. The phase matching condition of slow and fast light is satisfied by changing wavelengths of band-pass filters .In our experiment, we obtain the tunable delay time for various signal pulses range from 1 ns to 20 ns. By increasing the power of the pump field to 16 mW, a 1 ns signal pulse is delayed 1.5 ns and is advanced 1.0 ns respectively, while the signal pulse almost has no distortion. The experiment has demonstrated that larger relative pulse delay of slow and fast light can be obtained in the same experimental setup when pump power is lower.     

High power pulse amplification of ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier

By solving a set of time-dependent equations, the characteristics of the ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier are presented. Besides the steady state in the fiber of the upper-state population, pump power and amplified spontaneous emission without the input signal, the dynamic characteristics of the high power Gaussian pulse amplification like the evolution of pulse waveform distortion, upper-state population distribution and stored energy and pulse energy of the amplifier under the forward and backward pump,are simulated. The relations between the output pulse energy of the amplifier and the different input pulse peak power or pump power are also discussed. The models and results can provide important guide for the design and optimization of the high power pulse amplification.     

Character analysis of slow light with communication waveband in fiber optical parametric amplifier

The comprehensive characters of delay time and delay bandwidth with distortion, signal wavelength dependence and delay bandwidth product in fiber optical parametric amplifier are investigated theoretically when the pump locates at anomalous dispersion region. The delay character of single pulse, data stream with certain bit pattern and pseudo random data stream are analyzed comprehensively. In this category of fiber optical parametric amplifier, the delay time and delay bandwidth product vary from signal wavelengths and bit rates. For the same nonlinear coefficient, pump power and fiber length, the diverse dependences of bit pattern in different signal wavelengths are found by numerical simulation. The impacts of pump power and fiber length on the delay character and distortion are also discussed. These relations are conductive to the design of slow light based on fiber optical parametric amplifier in telecommunication waveband.