Development of a sensitive determination method for benzotriazole UV stabilizers in enviromental water samples with stir bar sorption extraction and liquid desorption prior to ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Benzotriazole UV stabilizers are emerging compounds used in personal care products and can enter surface water after passing through wastewater treatment plants without being removed. Because these analytes are strongly hydrophobic, there is an environmental risk of accumulation in solid matrices and magnification through the trophic chain. In this work, a method based on stir bar sorption extraction with liquid desorption is presented for the extraction of benzotriazole UV stabilizers from water samples. Stir bar sorptive extraction was combined with ultra‐high performance LC with MS/MS detection. All important factors affecting the stir bar sorptive extraction procedure are discussed, and the optimized method was applied to seawater and wastewater samples from Gran Canaria Island, providing good selectivity and sensitivity with LODs and limits of quantification in the range of 18.4–55.1 and 61.5–184 ng/L, respectively. Recoveries between 68.4–92.2% were achieved for the more polar compounds, whereas the recoveries were lower for the two less polar compounds, most likely due to their strong absorption into the polydimethylsiloxane stir bar phase that does not allows the complete desorption. The repeatability studies gave RSDs of between 6.45 and 12.6% for all compounds in the real samples.     

Determination of phenols in lake and ground water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A simple and inexpensive method for sorptive extraction of phenols from water samples is presented. A polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) stir bar (Twister) is used as an extraction medium for derivatized phenols, which is thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its performance was illustrated and evaluated for the enrichment of microg l(-1) to ng l(-1) of phenol and selected chlorophenols in water samples. The method showed good linearity, recoveries and blank levels, as well as advantages such as sensitivity, simplicity, low cost and high feasibility, being successfully applied for the analysis of phenolic compounds in natural water samples.     

Sol–gel coating of poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes for stir bar sorptive extraction and its application to the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Poly(ethylene glycol) grafted onto carboxyl‐terminated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by the sol–gel technique as a stationary phase for stir bars. The analytical methodology included stir bar sorptive extraction with micellar desorption followed by liquid chromatography. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as the model compounds to evaluate the extraction performance. The extraction efficiency, for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples, was optimized based on a chemometrics approach. The effect of the experimental parameters on the extraction response was investigated and the optimum extraction conditions were selected. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed method showed a good linearity within the different ranges for different analytes (e.g. 0.05–500 ng/mL for phenanthrene), a square of the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999, and an appropriate limit of detection in the range of 0.013–0.072 ng/mL. The recoveries in all cases were above 94%, with relative standard deviations below 2.4%.     

Spiral stir bar sorptive extraction with polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packings for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples

A spiral stir bar was proposed by using stainless steel spring as the extraction phase carrier to avoid the extraction phase friction and increase the amount of extraction phase for improving extraction efficiency. The extraction phase is filled in the cavity of the spring, resulting in a larger amount of the extraction phase than that conventionally coated on glass stir bar or stainless steel wire. Polyaniline‐polydimethylsiloxane sol‐gel packed spiral stir bar was prepared and evaluated for the extraction of five estrogens. The prepared spiral stir bar presented good extraction efficiency/preparation reproducibility and long lifetime (more than 150 reused times) for target estrogens. Based on it, a method of spiral stir bar sorptive extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultra‐violet detection was developed for the analysis of trace estrogens in environmental and food samples. The detection limit for five estrogens was 0.11–.31 µg/L, with the enrichment factors of 83.0–118‐fold (maximal enrichment factor: 200‐fold). The reproducibility evaluated with each estrogen of 5 µg/L (n = 5) was 5.8–8.9%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of estrogens in environmental water and animal‐derived food samples.     

Determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental water and milk samples treated with stir cake sorptive extraction based on a boron‐rich monolith

In this study, a new stir cake sorptive extraction using a boron‐rich monolith as the adsorbent was prepared by the in situ copolymerization of vinylboronic anhydride pyridine complex and divinylbenzene. The effect of preparation parameters, including the ratio of vinylboronic anhydride pyridine complex and divinylbenzene, monomer mixture, and porogen solvent, on extraction performance was investigated thoroughly. The physicochemical properties of the adsorbent were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Several conditions affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. Under the optimized conditions, a convenient and sensitive method for the determination of trace fluoroquinolones residues in water and milk samples was established by coupling stir cake sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and diode array detection. The limits of detection for the target compounds were 0.10–0.26 and 0.11–0.22 μg/L for water and milk samples, respectively. In addition, the developed method showed good linearity, repeatability, and precision. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of trace fluoroquinolones residues in environmental water and milk samples. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained for the determination of fluoroquinolones in spiking samples that ranged from 68.8 to 120%, with relative standard deviations below 10% in all cases.     

Analysis of biogenic carbonyl compounds in rainwater by stir bar sorptive extraction technique with chemical derivatization and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

Stir bar sorptive extraction is a powerful technique for the extraction and analysis of organic compounds in aqueous matrices. Carbonyl compounds are ubiquitous components in rainwater, however, it is a major challenge to accurately identify and sensitively quantify carbonyls from rainwater due to the complex matrix. A stir bar sorptive extraction technique was developed to efficiently extract carbonyls from aqueous samples following chemical derivatization by O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride. Several commercial stir bars in two sizes were used to simultaneously measure 29 carbonyls in aqueous samples with detection by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. A 100 mL aqueous sample was extracted by stir bars and the analytes on stir bars were desorbed into a 2 mL solvent solution in an ultrasonic bath. The preconcentration Coefficient for different carbonyls varied between 30 and 45 times. The limits of detection of stir bar sorptive extraction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry for carbonyls (10–30 ng/L) were improved by ten times compared with other methods such as gas chromatography with electron capture detection and stir bar sorptive extraction with high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The technique was used to determine carbonyls in rainwater samples collected in York, UK, and 20 carbonyl species were quantified including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, isobutenal, 2‐hydroxy ethanal.     

Development of a carbon‐nanoparticle‐coated stirrer for stir bar sorptive extraction by a simple carbon deposition in flame

Stir bar sorptive extraction is an environmentally friendly microextraction technique based on a stir bar with various sorbents. A commercial stirrer is a good support, but it has not been used in stir bar sorptive extraction due to difficult modification. A stirrer was modified with carbon nanoparticles by a simple carbon deposition process in flame and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry. A three‐dimensional porous coating was formed with carbon nanoparticles. In combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography, the stir bar was evaluated using five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model analytes. Conditions including extraction time and temperature, ionic strength, and desorption solvent were investigated by a factor‐by‐factor optimization method. The established method exhibited good linearity (0.01–10 μg/L) and low limits of quantification (0.01 μg/L). It was applied to detect model analytes in environmental water samples. No analyte was detected in river water, and five analytes were quantified in rain water. The recoveries of five analytes in two samples with spiked at 2 μg/L were in the range of 92.2–106% and 93.4–108%, respectively. The results indicated that the carbon nanoparticle‐coated stirrer was an efficient stir bar for extraction analysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Development of selective and chemically stable coating for stir bar sorptive extraction by molecularly imprinted technique

A novel stir bar coated with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective extraction phase for sorptive extraction of triazine herbicides was developed. The stir bar was prepared by chemically bonding the MIP to the glass bar to improve its stability. A homogeneous and porous structure was observed on the stir bar surface. Extraction performance shows that the MIP-coated stir bar has stronger affinity to the template molecule terbuthylazine as compared with that of the reference stir bar without addition of template. Owning to the shape and structural compatibility, the obtained stir bar also demonstrated specific selectivity to the structural related-compounds of nine triazines, and thus can be applied to simultaneous determination of these compounds from complex samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. Four complex samples with different matrix, including rice, apple, lettuce and soil were used to evaluate this proposed method. The limits of detection obtained are in the range of 0.04-0.12 μg L⁻¹, and the recoveries for the spiked rice, apple, lettuce and soil samples were 80.8-107.7%, 80.6-107.8%, 72.0-109.8% and 89.0-114.8% with RSD from 1.2 to 7.9%, respectively. Moreover, this MIP-coated stir bar was firm, durable and can be prepared simply and reproducibly. The developed coating method would be useful to prepare a range of selective stir bars in order to extend the applicability of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in complex sample analysis.     

pH-resistant titania hybrid organic-inorganic coating for stir bar sorptive extraction of drugs of abuse in urine samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet visible detection

An organic-inorganic hybrid titania-hydroxy-terminated silicone oil (titania-OH-TSO) stir bar coating was prepared by sol-gel method. The extraction performance of titania-OH-TSO coated stir bar was evaluated and compared with poly(dimethysiloxane) (PDMS), poly(dimethysiloxane)-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB), poly(dimethysiloxane)-β-cyclodextrin (PDMS-β-CD) and C(18) coated stir bar with five polar drugs of abuse including amphetamine (PA), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and ketamine (Ke) as the model analytes. The experimental results revealed that the titania-OH-TSO coated stir bar exhibited highly pH-resistant ability, good preparation reproducibility, superior selectivity and high extraction efficiency for the target compounds. Based on this fact, a new method of titania-OH-TSO coated stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet visible (UV) detection was developed for the analysis of five drugs of abuse in urine samples. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency of SBSE such as sample pH, desorption solvent, sample volume, extraction time, desorption time, stirring rate and ionic strength were investigated and the optimal extraction conditions were established. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for titania-OH-TSO coated SBSE-HPLC-UV determination of five polar drugs of abuse were in the range of 2.3-9.1 μg/L with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 7.3 to 8.9% (c=300 μg/L, n=6), and all of the target compounds exhibited good linearity over a concentration range of 30-3000 μg/L. The developed method was applied to the determination of amphetamines and Ke in urine samples of drug abusers with satisfactory results.     

聚酰亚胺固相萃取搅拌棒的制备及其在环境水中酚类的分析应用

利用相转换法制备了聚酰亚胺吸附萃取搅拌棒,用5种有机酚作为评价标样,并与现有商品化吸附萃取搅拌棒进行比较。优化了萃取搅拌速度、溶液离子强度、萃取温度、萃取时间以及热解析温度和时间。在最佳实验条件下,100 mL 样品,30% NaCl,在25℃下,经活化5 min 后的聚酰亚胺吸附搅拌棒萃取30 min (800 r/ min),然后300℃热解析4 min,使目标物脱附,再进行色谱分析。目标物在大于两个数量级浓度范围内具有良好的线性(R≥0.9995),定量限(LOQ,S/ N=10)为0.028~0.123μg/ L,重复性为1.6%~9.7%。将SBSE 与气相色谱-质谱联用,对海水、自来水和污水中的酚类进行定性与定量分析,结果表明,聚酰亚胺吸附萃取搅拌棒具有良好的选择性,最高热解析温度350℃,在分析水中痕量极性化合物领域具有广阔应用前景。     

Determination of trace polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water samples through large‐volume stir bar sorptive extraction method with thermal desorption gas chromatography

A fast and sensitive analytical method based on stir bar sorptive extraction technology with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was developed to simultaneously analyze 18 kinds of polychlorinated biphenyls and 20 kinds of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous samples. A long adsorption time and small sample volume, which are problems encountered in conventional methods of stir bar sorptive extraction, were effectively solved by simultaneously using multiple stir bars for enrichment with sequential cryofocusing and merged injection. Optimized results showed good linear coefficients in the range of 10–500 ng/L and the method detection limits of 0.12–2.07 ng/L for polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides. The recovery ratios of the spiked samples at different concentrations were between 64.7 and 111.0%, and their relative standard deviations ranged from 0.9 to 17.6%. Four types of the studied compounds were determined in Qiantang River water samples, and their contents were between 0.82 and 5.00 ng/L.     

Multiresidue screening of endocrine-disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples by multi-stir bar sorptive extraction–single desorption–capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A multiresidue method for screening endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples is presented. Four 10-mL aliquots of water were taken for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and they were treated in the following way. In sample one, in situ derivatization was performed with acetic acid anhydride to improve the extraction efficiencies and chromatographic analysis of phenolic compounds. For the same reasons, aliquot two was treated with ethyl chloroformate to improve amine and acid extraction and analysis, and aliquot three with tetraethylborate to enhance organotin compound extraction and analysis. Methanol was added to sample four to stop adsorption of apolar solutes on the wall. After SBSE, the four stir bars, together with a plug of glass wool impregnated with bis(trimethylylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) to derivatize hydroxyl functionalities, were introduced into the same thermal desorption tube, heat-desorbed, and analyzed simultaneously by capillary GC/MS. The figures of merit of the method were evaluated with an EDC model mixture. In scan-mode MS, the limits of detection (LODs) were in the range 1–500 ng/L, while the LODs dropped by a factor of 50–100 when ion monitoring MS was applied to the targets. The performance of the method was illustrated by analysing some real-world water samples.     

Stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction mediated by magnetic nanoparticles–nylon 6 composite for the extraction of hydrophilic organic compounds in aqueous media

A new and sensitive analytical method based on the recently developed approach termed stir bar-sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) using a magnetic CoFe₂O₄@SiO₂–nylon 6 composite as sorbent material is presented for the extraction of hydrophilic organic compounds. The simultaneous determination of four hydrophilic UV filters in environmental water samples has been chosen as a model analytical application due to the increasing awareness regarding the occurrence of sunscreen residuals in natural waters. The developed SBSDME approach combines the principles and benefits of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) but allows for lower extraction time and easier post-extraction treatment. Moreover, most importantly, it enables the use of new magnetic materials that affords higher versatility and can be tailored to the needs of the analysis. The main experimental parameters involved in the SBSDME process (i.e. composite amount, extraction time, pH, ionic strength, desorption solvent and desorption time) were evaluated to provide the best enrichment factors. Under the optimized conditions, the method was successfully validated showing good linearity, enrichment factors between 105 and 145 depending on the analyte, limits of detection and quantification in the low ng mL⁻¹ range (1.6–2.9 ng mL⁻¹ and 5.4–9.6 ng mL⁻¹, respectively) and good intra- and inter-day repeatability (RSD < 13%). The developed method was applied to the analysis of water samples of different origin (sea, river and swimming pool). Relative recovery values ranged between 90 and 115%, thus showing that the matrices under consideration do not affect the extraction process.     

Determination of steroid sex hormones in wastewater by stir bar sorptive extraction based on poly(vinylpyridine-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic material and liquid chromatographic analysis

In this study, a simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of seven steroid hormones in wastewater. Sample preparation and analysis were performed by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) based on poly(vinylpyridine-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic material (SBSEM) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. To achieve the optimum extraction performance, several main parameters, including extraction and desorption time, pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed good linearity and repeatability, as well as advantages such as sensitivity, simplicity, low cost and high feasibility. The extraction performance of SBSEM to the target compounds also compared with commercial SBSE which used polydimethylsiloxane as coating. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the target compounds in wastewater samples. The recoveries of spiked target compounds in real samples ranged from 48.2% to 110%.     

Non‐hydrolytic Sol‐gel Methodology to Prepare a Molecularly Imprinted,Organic‐silica Hybrid‐based Stir Bar for Recognition of Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Based on a molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar, a pre‐treatment methodology was developed for enrichment of nicosulfuron in aqueous samples. The molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based coating on the outer surface of a glass stir bar was prepared by in‐situ polymerization using nicosulfuron as a template molecule, α‐methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, methacryloxypropytrimethoxysilane as a cross‐linker in the mixture of acetonitrile and trichloromethane (V/V, 7.5:1). To achieve the selective extraction of the target analyte from aqueous samples, several main parameters, including extraction time, pH value and contents of inorganic salt in the sample matrix were investigated. Evidence was also presented by the scanning electronic microscopic images of the imprinted and non‐imprinted stir bars. Then, the extraction efficiency of the stir bar was tested with separate experiments and competitive sorption experiments. These results showed that using six sulfonylureas as substrates the molecularly imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar gave high selectivity for the template, nicosulfuron compared to the non‐imprinted organic‐silica hybrid‐based stir bar. This sorption extraction was coupled to liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection allowing the determination of nicosulfuron from tap water. The method showed good recoveries and precision, 96.0% (RSD 2.7%, n=3) for tap water spiked with 0.125 nmol (25.00 mL sample), suggesting that the stir bar can be successfully applied to the pre‐concentration of nicosulfuron in real aqueous samples.     

双酚A分子印迹聚合物为萃取介质搅拌饼固相萃取的制备及其萃取性能研究

以双酚A为模板,4-乙烯基吡啶为单体,利用整体材料"原位"聚合技术制备分子印迹聚合物为基质的萃取饼,并与利用一次性注射器空管加工而成的萃取器相结合,建立了分子印迹搅拌饼固相萃取(MIP-SCSE)技术。考察了制备条件对MIP-SCSE选择吸附性能的影响。在此基础上,与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器联用,探讨MIP-SCSE对环境水样中双酚A及其它酚类物质的选择萃取性能,考察萃取过程中基底离子强度、pH值以及吸附与解吸时间等萃取条件对萃取性能的影响。结果表明;在最佳萃取条件下,MIP-SCSE对模板分子及其它酚类物质具有一定选择性能和较高的富集能力,对双酚A的线性范围为1.0～200μg/L;检出限LOD(S/N=3)为0.67μg/L;定量限LOQ(S/N=10)为2.24μg/L。在实际水样分析中,模板分子加标回收率为86.2%～112.2%。在MIP-SCSE使用过程中,萃取饼不与容器壁接触,因此具有优良的使用寿命,至少可连续使用600 h。     

Sensitive determination of strongly polar aromatic amines in water samples by stir bar sorptive extraction based on poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) monolithic material and liquid chromatographic analysis

A simple and sensitive method for the determination of polar aromatic amines (PAAs) was developed using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coupling to high-performance liquid chromatography. A hydrophilic poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene) (VIDB) monolithic material was prepared and acted as SBSE coating. The influences of polymerization conditions for VIDB on the extraction efficiency were investigated using aniline and 2,4-dinitroaniline as detected solutes. To achieve optimum extraction performance for PAAs, several parameters including extraction and desorption time, desorption solvent, ionic strength and pH value of sample matrix were investigated. The results showed that under the optimized experimental conditions, the method showed good sensitivity and excellent recoveries, as well as advantages such as linearity, simplicity, low cost and high feasibility. The extraction performance of present method to the target compounds also compared with commercial SBSE which using polydimethylsiloxane as coating and other SBSE which based on monolithic materials. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of PAAs in lake and sea waters, and excellent recoveries of spiked target compounds in real samples were obtained.     

Molecularly imprinted stir bars for selective extraction of thiabendazole in citrus samples

Stir‐bar sorptive extraction is based on the partitioning of target analytes between the sample (mostly aqueous‐based liquid samples) and a stationary phase‐coated magnetic stir bar. Until now, only PDMS‐coated stir bars are commercially available, restricting the range of applications to the non‐selective extraction of hydrophobic compounds due to the apolar character of PDMS. In this work, a novel stir bar coated with molecularly imprinted polymer as selective extraction phase for sorptive extraction of thiabendazole (TBZ) was developed. Two different procedures, based on physical or chemical coating, were assessed for the preparation of molecularly imprinted stir bars. Under optimum conditions, recoveries achieved both in imprinted and non‐imprinted polymer stir bars obtained by physical coating were very low, whereas TBZ was favourably retained by imprinted over non‐imprinted polymer stir bars obtained by chemical coating and thus the latter approach was used in further studies. Different parameters affecting both stir‐bars preparation (i.e. cross‐linker, porogen, polymerization time) and the subsequent selective extraction of TBZ (i.e. washing, loading and elution solvents, extraction time) were properly optimized. The molecularly imprinted coated stir bars were applied to the extraction of TBZ from citrus samples (orange, lemon and citrus juices) allowing its final determination at concentrations levels according to current regulations.     

Analysis of chlorophenols,bisphenol-A, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenols in soil by means of ultrasonic solvent extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction with in situ derivatisation

A novel method based on ultrasonic solvent extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of phenolic organic pollutants including chlorophenols, bisphenol-A, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol in soil samples was developed. The different parameters that affect both the extraction of analytes from the soil samples, such as solvent selection, extraction time, and the partitioning from the solvent/water mix to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) were studied. The final selected conditions consisted of the extraction of 1 g of soil with 15 mL methanol by sonication for 30 min. The methanol extract was mixed with 85 mL of Milli-Q water and extracted by means of stir bar sorptive extraction with in situ derivatisation. The stir bars were analyzed by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TD–GC–MS). The effects of the matrix on the recovery of the various pollutants under the developed method were studied using two soils with very different physicochemical properties. Method sensitivity, linearity, repeatability, and reproducibility were also studied. Validation and accuracy of the method were conducted by analyzing two commercial certified reference materials and by comparing the analysis of real samples with the proposed method and a classical method using pressurized solvent extraction (PSE)–GC–MS. The main advantage of this method is a substantial solvent reduction. For the extraction of only 1 g of solid sample allowing limits of detection ranging from 0.2 to 1.7 μg kg⁻¹ dw. Repeatability and reproducibility variation were lower than 20% for all investigated compounds. Results of the certified reference materials and the real samples verify the high accuracy of this method.     

Development and validation of stir bar sorptive extraction of polar phenols in water followed by HPLC separation in poly(vinylpyrrolididone‐divinylbenzene) monolith

An effective and simple method for polar phenols in water matrix was developed by using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) based on a hydrophilic poly(vinylpyrrolididone‐divinylbenzene) (VPDB) monolithic material and HPLC analysis. To achieve optimum extraction performance for phenols, several parameters, including extraction and desorption time, desorption solvent, pH value, and ionic strength of sample matrix, were investigated. Under the optimized experimental conditions, eight phenols were directly enriched from water samples and analyzed by HPLC‐DAD. The detection limits (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) of the proposed method for the target compounds were achieved within the range of 0.72–1.37 and 2.40–4.27 ng/mL from spiked water, respectively. Recoveries of eight phenolic compounds were found in the range of 55.2–95.9%. The calibration curves showed the linearity ranging from 5 to 150 ng/mL with linear regression coefficient R² values above 0.98. Method repeatability presented as intra‐ and interday precisions were also found with the RSDs less than 4.10 and 7.61%, respectively. The distribution coefficients between VPDB and water (K_VPDB/W) for phenolic compounds were also calculated and compared with K_O/W. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of the target compounds in tap water, sea water and wastewater samples.