近红外双发射荧光探针比率检测高/半胱氨酸

合成的吲哚菁染料Cy5-A对高/半胱氨酸展现显著的荧光响应.高/半胱氨酸浓度的增加引发其荧光强度在660 nm处减弱,相应地在700 nm处增强,且700 nm与660 nm处的比率荧光变化与高胱氨酸(40.0~200.0 μM)及半胱氨酸(10.0~100.0 μM)浓度呈现良好的线性关系,最低检测限分别为13.2 μM与2.67 μM.通过核磁共振谱和质谱研究了Cy5-A与高/半胱氨酸的作用机制.研究表明,Cy5-A中的醛基与高/半胱氨酸发生环合反应,从而诱导产生近红外双发射光谱,探针响应不受其他干扰物的影响.因此,Cy5-A是一种简单高效的反应型荧光探针,可成功应用于血清样品中高/半胱氨酸的准确检测.     

基于苯并吡喃腈的激活型半胱氨酸荧光探针

设计并合成了基于苯并吡喃腈为母体单元的近红外激活型荧光探针(E)-2-(苯并吡喃腈基)乙烯基-5-(二乙氨基)丙烯酸苯酯(DCM-AC),其结构中的丙烯酰酯键作为氨基酸激活反应的响应基团。 研究结果表明,探针分子DCM-AC对半胱氨酸具有高灵敏、选择性光谱响应,不仅能观察到明显的颜色变化,而且探针在710 nm处的荧光发射强度显著增强,相应的荧光增强比值与半胱氨酸的浓度(1.0~8.0 μmol/L)呈现良好的线性关系。 探针DCM-AC对半胱氨酸的检出限为2.8×10^-7 mol/L,能选择性检测半胱氨酸区别于结构类似的高半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽,且不受其它氨基酸物质干扰。 通过质谱、核磁和紫外吸收光谱研究了DCM-AC检测半胱氨酸的反应激活机理:半胱氨酸先通过巯基与DCM-AC上的丙烯酰酯双键发生亲核加成,然后环化脱除内酰胺环状化合物。     

金纳米微粒表面能量转移及半胱氨酸的高灵敏度高选择性分析法

根据荧光染料在金纳米粒子表面的能量转移,本文建立了一种具有高灵敏和高选择性半胱氨酸分析方法.研究表明,通过静电作用吸附在柠檬酸根包被的金纳米粒子表面的阳离子荧光染料如罗丹明B分子在受光激发时,发生从荧光染料到金属纳米微粒的能量转移,导致荧光染料的荧光猝灭.但当体系中存在半胱氨酸时,由于半胱氨酸与金纳米粒子之间具有更强的共价作用,罗丹明B分子远离金纳米粒子表面,降低了能量转移效率,使得罗丹明B的荧光得到恢复.恢复的荧光强度与0.025～4.5μmol/L半胱氨酸呈很好的线性关系,检测限为8.0nmol/L(3σ),而其他十九种基本氨基酸的响应非常微弱.     

利用聚甲基乙烯基醚共聚马来酸银簇实现高半胱氨酸探测

报道采用聚甲基乙烯基醚共聚马来酸为模板合成的发光银簇实现高半胱氨酸选择性探测,该银簇在540和460nm处具有两个发射峰.在高半胱氨酸加入之后,高半胱氨酸的巯基通过配位作用与银簇结合,造成其在540和460 nm处的发光强度降低,两个发光峰强度的比值随高半胱氨酸的浓度的增加呈线性变化.该探针的检测限为1μmol/L,线性响应范围为5~100μmol/L.该方法利用双峰比值的变化来检测高半胱氨酸,有很高的选择性,可以实现高半胱氨酸浓度的定量检测.     

基于萘酰亚胺的生物硫醇探针的合成及对含硫醇氨基酸的检测

合成了以4-羟基萘酰亚胺为荧光团,2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基为特异性识别基团的生物硫醇探针4-(2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氧基)-正丁基-1,8-萘酰亚胺(DNSBN).吸收光谱和荧光光谱结果表明, DNSBN对半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)3种生物硫醇分子具有高效的检测识别能力,不受其它17种天然氨基酸的干扰.同时,通过荧光滴定实验证实了此探针是一种比率型探针,555 nm处的荧光强度与溶液中的生物硫醇分子浓度在0 ~ 20 μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,对Cys、Hcy和GSH的检出限(3σ)分别为25.9、92.0和77.9 nmol/L.而吸收光谱、荧光光谱和质谱表征数据显示,生物硫醇与2,4-二硝基苯磺酸酯发生亲核取代反应并导致磺酸酯的分解.随着识别基团的解离,探针分子的d-PeT (donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer) 效应被解除,并出现非常明显的比色与荧光变化.HeLa细胞成像实验表明,探针DNSBN具有良好的生物相容性,能够对细胞外源性生物硫醇分子进行检测.     

香豆素类比率荧光探针的合成及其对亚硫酸盐与硫化氢的区分检测

基于迈克尔加成反应和分子内电荷转移机理设计合成了一个比率型荧光探针MSP,并将其用于对亚硫酸盐和硫化氢的区分检测。强吸电子基团丙二腈的引入,使得探针的吸收和发射波长红移,同时极大地提高了探针与亚硫酸盐的反应速率,实现了对亚硫酸盐的快速检测。当反应时间延长至3 h时,硫化氢的存在使得探针的荧光波长蓝移至510 nm且强度显著增强,探针在两个波长下的荧光比率(I510/I690)增强约260倍,实现了在不同响应时间和不同光谱通道区分检测亚硫酸盐与硫化氢的目的。该探针具有良好的选择性和竞争性,可分别利用吸收强度比值(A464/A572)和荧光强度比值(I510/I690)定量检测亚硫酸盐和硫化氢,两者检出限分别为0.95μmol/L和0.6μmol/L。该探针还能用于对活细胞内亚硫酸盐和硫化氢的荧光成像。     

基于菁染料高选择性检测半胱氨酸的近红外荧光探针

本文设计合成了以菁染料为荧光团,以4-(三氟甲基)苯硫基为半胱氨酸响应识别基团的近红外荧光探针(Cy-CF_3)。利用探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽反应发生的机理不同,实现了对半胱氨酸特异性识别。探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸发生芳香亲核取代反应生成巯基取代产物,进一步通过分子内重排反应生成氨基取代产物Cy-Cys。光谱研究结果表明,探针分子Cy-CF_3与半胱氨酸作用后发生明显的吸收波长蓝移(160nm),并且可观察到明显的颜色变化;荧光光谱中,随着半胱氨酸的加入,探针分子Cy-CF_3在780nm处的近红外荧光显著增强。Cy-CF_3能高选择性检测半胱氨酸,并且不受其它氨基酸尤其是结构类似的谷胱甘肽干扰。探针分子Cy-CF_3被成功地应用于活体细胞中检测半胱氨酸。     

分子印迹包裹的碳量子点荧光传感器特异性吸附检测核黄素北大核心CSCD

利用核黄素作为模板分子印迹在溶胶凝胶分子层并包裹碳量子点,制备荧光传感器(Carbon Quantum Dots@Molecular Imprinted Polymers,CD_(S)@MIPs)。在激发波长为370 nm时,该传感器特异性吸附核黄素后,520 nm处荧光随核黄素浓度的变化而变化,即520 nm处的荧光作为变量信号,碳量子点在460 nm的荧光作为参考信号,形成比率荧光传感器。核黄素的浓度与I_(520)/I_(460)的荧光比值呈现线性相关关系,线性范围为0.15~7.0μmol/L,检出限为8.48 nmol/L。相比于直接荧光检测核黄素的方法,此方法具有特异性、抗背景干扰性等优点,可应用于检测果汁中的核黄素。     

基于聚乙烯亚胺碳纳米点的桑色素比率型荧光探针

利用水热合成法制备了一种基于聚乙烯亚胺的荧光碳纳米点, 用光谱方法研究了其对桑色素的识别作用. 结果表明, 该碳纳米点对桑色素具有比率型荧光响应, 且响应速度快、 选择性和灵敏度高、 抗干扰能力强. 将桑色素加入到碳纳米点溶液中后, 碳纳米点自身的荧光(460 nm)立即被猝灭, 同时在555 nm处出现新的荧光发射峰并逐渐增强; 其新发射峰(555 nm)与原发射峰(460 nm)的强度比值在此过程中呈线性增加. 基于此, 在1.0×10^-6~4.0×10^-5 mol/L浓度范围内, 可实现对桑色素的检测, 该比率荧光响应非常灵敏, 检出限可达3.0×10^-8 mol/L. 另外, 该碳纳米点与常见金属离子、 氨基酸及其它具有类似桑色素结构的黄酮醇均不反应, 显示出对桑色素的高选择性. 该检测方法的荧光强度随桑色素浓度的增加而逐渐增强, 并伴随着由蓝色到黄色的荧光颜色变化, 可实现对桑色素的可视化检测; 同时该碳纳米点还可用于稀释胎牛血清中桑色素的定量检测.     

汞离子的高灵敏度裸眼识别和荧光传感探针

设计合成了一种以耐尔蓝为母体的Hg2+光学探针分子1-苯甲酰-3-{2-[9-(乙氨基)-10-甲基-9H-苯并[α]苯酚-5-胺基]乙基}硫脲盐酸盐(NBET). 在pH=7.4的Tris-HCl缓冲液中, 探针分子最大吸收波长为640 nm, 此时溶液为淡蓝色; 加入汞离子可以诱导探针分子在640 nm处的吸收降低, 并在556 nm处产生新的吸收峰, 溶液变为浅紫色, 而其它金属离子的加入未引起显著变化, 基于此可对水溶液中的痕量Hg2+进行裸眼识别. 荧光光谱显示, 汞离子可以特异性地猝灭探针分子在660 nm处的荧光发射. 该探针分子的灵敏度、选择性及荧光量子产率高, 激发/发射波长长, 可以实现水溶液中0.005 μmol/L Hg2+的荧光检测.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小环化合物中饱和碳质子化学位移的计算

小环化合物由于其张力、构型、构象和各向异性效应等原因,环碳上质子化学位移缺乏规律性,难以预测,对此作者曾提出一种近似算法。本文根据303种小环化合物中饱和碳质子的化学位移实验数据,将适于计算这类质子化学位移的公式表述为:     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.