纳米氧化镍修饰电极电化学测定水中痕量砷(Ⅲ)

采用循环伏安法在玻碳电极(GCE)表面电沉积了氧化镍纳米粒子,制备了纳米氧化镍粒子修饰玻碳电极(NiO-GCE).采用交流阻抗法和循环伏安法对固载纳米氧化镍的玻碳电极的结构和性能进行表征.研究发现:在pH 7.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,在0.9 V电位处,NiO-GCE对砷(Ⅲ)具有良好的催化性能,氧化峰电流与砷(Ⅲ)的浓度在1.5×10-6～3.8×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为5.0×10-7mol·L-1.     

Au-Pt双金属纳米颗粒在玻碳电极上的自组装

利用硼氢化钠还原HAuCl4和H2PtCl4的混合溶液, 制备了Au- Pt双金属纳米颗粒. UV- Vis、TEM、ED、XRD、XPS等研究结果表明双金属纳米颗粒为Au- Pt合金. 在玻碳电极上通过有机偶联层半胱氨酸进行了Au- Pt双金属纳米颗粒的自组装, 得到Au- Pt/半胱氨酸/玻碳电极, 并通过SEM对其表面结构进行了表征, 粒子的平均粒径为12.6 nm. 用循环伏安法对Au- Pt/半胱氨酸/玻碳电极的电化学性能进行了测试. 结果表明Au- Pt/半胱氨酸/玻碳电极具有良好的电催化甲醇氧化性能.     

硫脲对镍电沉积的作用

应用循环伏安和阻抗＿电位法研究了硫脲(TU)对玻碳电极和镀镍玻碳电极上镍沉积过程的影响.结果表明,在玻碳电极上镍的电沉积呈现明显的电化学成核机理,而在镀镍玻碳电极上则无此特征.TU的存在虽阻碍了Ni晶核的形成,但却能加速晶粒的生长.     

用交流阻抗法研究BCX电池的性能

研究Li/SOCl2电池和BCX电池贮存过程正极和负极的交流阻抗谱变化.结果表明,两种电池正、负电极的阻抗都随贮存时间的延长呈先增加而后大致稳定趋势,但如于电解液中添加BrCl,则可使该电极阻抗大大降低,Li电极的阻抗值比添加前降低了近一半,而玻碳电极的则从添加前的~100 kΩ降低到添加后的2kΩ左右;玻碳电极的阻抗值远大于Li电极,是电池的控制电极.     

Pt/巯基乙酸/玻碳电极的表面形貌与电催化性能

以巯基乙酸为偶联层在玻碳(GC)电极上组装 Pt纳米颗粒, 得到Pt /巯基乙酸/GC电极, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)和循环伏安法(CV)研究了不同条件下复合电极的表面形貌和电化学性能. 研究结果表明, 巯基乙酸在GC电极表面具有特性吸附, 形成了具有一定致密性的吸附层. 在0.5 mol/L H2SO4+1.0 mol/L CH3OH溶液中, 组装19 h的复合电极对甲醇氧化表现出较好的电催化性能.     

刚果红功能化水溶性碳纳米管膜电极的制备及在电化学传感器中的应用

基于刚果红(CR)表面修饰多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)在干燥时所具有的良好成膜性能,在玻碳电极表面制备了一种水溶性MWNTs(MWNTs-CR)膜,用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和交流阻抗谱(ElS)对其进行了表征.结果表明,MWNTs-CR能在电极表面形成一层致密、均匀含有大量纳米级微孔的纳米结构薄膜.和裸玻碳电极相比,MWNTs-CR膜修饰电极能极大的增强雌酮和羟甲香豆素的电化学响应.在体系中加入表面活性剂后,其电化学响应能得到进一步的提高.羟甲香豆素的浓度在8.0×10-8～4.0×10-6 mol/L范围内,其氧化峰电流与浓度呈现出良好的线性关系.在开路条件下富300 s后,HMC的检出限为2.0×10-8 mol/L.实验证明水溶性MWNTs膜是构建碳纳米管电化学传感器的理想材料.     

碳纳米管促进下二甲基亚砜还原酶的媒介电化学性质

分别研究了二甲基亚砜还原酶固载在玻碳电极和碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的媒介电化学性质.研究发现,随着底物浓度的增加,两个电极还原电流均逐渐增加.值得注意的是,在相同的底物浓度下,碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极得到的还原电流明显提高.结果表明,碳纳米管促进了二甲基亚砜还原酶与玻碳电极之间的电子转移.     

基于纳米银/碳纳米纤维复合材料的增强效应电化学测定多贝斯

将银纳米粒子(AgNPs)电沉积在碳纳米纤维(CNFs)修饰玻碳电极表面制备纳米银/碳纳米纤维修饰玻碳电极(AgNPs/CNFs/GCE).采用扫描电镜考察其表面形态,在K3[Fe(CN)6]-K4[Fe(CN)6]体系中用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法研究AgNPs/CNFs/GCE的电化学行为.采用循环伏安法和方波伏安法...     

硫堇与DNA分子相互作用的电化学方法研究

采用交流阻抗技术和循环伏安法 ,研究了在硫堇自组装膜修饰金电极上 ,以及在硫堇或DNA吸附修饰的玻碳电极上 ,硫堇与DNA分子的相互作用;硫堇自组装膜修饰金电极与DNA分子作用后 ,阻抗增大 ,表明它们之间发生了作用 ;吸附在玻碳电极上的硫堇 (DNA)与DNA(硫堇 )作用后 ,峰电位和峰电流均发生了变化 ,结合光谱测定结果 ,表明硫堇与DNA分子间存在着嵌插、静电等作用 ,二者作用的反应速度与分子在电极上固定的位置有关;在PBS缓冲液中硫堇 -DNA的表观结合常数为4.9×104L·mol -1 ;交流阻抗技术和循环伏安法是研究小分子与DNA分子间相互作用的经济、快速、简便的方法     

对巯基苯硼酸／纳米金修饰玻碳电极用于葡萄糖的识别

采用自组装技术,将对巯基苯硼酸(MPBA)自组装于带正电荷纳米金(nano-gold,NG)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)表面,从而制得用于识别葡萄糖的无酶传感器(MPBA/NG/GCE).通过交流阻抗技术和循环伏安法考察了MPBA/NG/GCE修饰电极的表面电化学特性,同时研究了葡萄糖在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,讨论了利用该修饰电极测定葡萄糖的最佳条件.结果表明:在优化的条件下,氧化峰电流与葡萄糖浓度在1.0～150.0 mmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为ΔIp (μA)=3.37+0.342c(mmol/L),相关系数为r=0.999,检出限为3.8×10-5 mol/L (S/N=3),可用于葡萄糖分子的电化学识别.     

Effects of direct current bias voltages on supported bilayer lipid membranes on a glassy carbon electrode

The effects of dc bias voltages on supported bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs) on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experiments suggested that an appropriate positive bias voltage facilitated the formation of electrically dense membranes, but if the voltage is enough high, the lacunas on s-BLMs increased, and eventually caused the complete oxidation of the lipid membrane. While negative bias voltages could induce the damage of supported membranes to different extent. The changes of the form and quantity of graphite oxide on the surface of the electrode caused by dc bias voltages and the electroporation and damage of the membrane at high potentials may be responsible for the effects.     

Voltage gated carbon nanotube membranes

Membranes composed of an array of aligned carbon nanotubes, functionalized with charged molecular tethers, show voltage gated control of ionic transport through the cores of carbon nanotubes. The functional density of tethered charge molecules is substantially increased by the use of electrochemical grafting of diazonium salts. Functionality can be forced to occur at the CNT tip entrances by fast fluid flow of an inert solvent through the core during electrochemical functionalization. The selectivity between Ru(bi-pyridine)(3)2+ and methyl viologen2+ flux is found to be as high as 23 with -130 mV bias applied to the membrane as the working electrode. Changes in the flux and selectivity support a model where charged tethered molecules at the tips are drawn into the CNT core at positive bias. For molecules grafted along the CNT core, negative bias extends the tethered molecules into the core. Electrostatically actuated tethers induce steric hindrance in the CNT core to mimic voltage gated ion channels in a robust large area platform.     

Fabrication and photoelectric properties of self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes on conducting glass

Supported bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs with and without the doping of fullerene C60) self-assembled on indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass were fabricated and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a three-electrode system. The photoelectric properties of the ITO supported planar lipid bilayers were studied. Light intensity of irradiation, bias voltage, and concentration of donors have been found to be limiting factors of the transmembrane photocurrent. The facilitation effect of C60 doping in s-BLMs on the photoinduced electron transfer across s-BLM is discussed. This novel self-assembled ITO/s-BLM system may provide a simple and mechanically stable model for the study of the photoelectric and photodynamic properties of biomembranes.     

Organic mass spectrometry and control of fragmentation using a fast flow glow discharge ion source

Representative organic vapors have been introduced into the flowing afterglow of a low power (<5 W) dc-glow discharge, coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. When a positive bias was applied to the ion sampling orifice, the very surprising result was that molecular mass spectra were obtained with a high sensitivity. When a negative bias was applied to the ion sampling orifice, fragmentation of the analyte was observed with an increase in the extent of ion dissociation as the voltage was increased. The breakdown pattern is compound-specific and would be useful in confirming the identity of an unknown sample. When combined with chromatographic separation, the FFGD-MS technique could be used for chemical speciation studies at the sub-picogram level.     

Enhanced energy density of asymmetric supercapacitors via optimizing negative electrode material and mass ratio of negative/positive electrodes

An asymmetric supercapacitor based on manganese dioxide/Au/nickel foam (MANF) electrode as positive electrode and graphene or commercial activated carbons (AC) as negative electrode was fabricated. The effect of different negative electrode materials and mass ratios of negative/positive electrodes on the electrochemical properties of the asymmetric supercapacitor was carefully investigated. The results suggest that the mass ratio of negative/positive electrode has a significant impact on the specific capacitance of the asymmetric supercapacitor. Especially, it is found that the optimal mass ratio of the negative/positive electrode is slightly lower than that calculated according to charge balance. On the other hand, the asymmetric supercapacitor with commercialized AC as negative electrode possesses higher specific capacitance and better rate capability than that of the asymmetric supercapacitor with graphene as negative electrode. The negative material has slight impact on the cycle stability of the asymmetric supercapacitor. In addition, the optimized asymmetric supercapacitor with MANF composite as positive electrode and AC as negative electrode can obtain an energy density as high as 65.9 Wh?kg^?1 at a power density of 180 W?kg^?1 and a cell voltage of 1.8 V in the neutral Na₂SO₄ aqueous solution.     

Constructing an unbalanced structure toward high working voltage for improving energy density of non-aqueous carbon-based electrochemical capacitors

The energy density of non-aqueous carbon-based electrochemical capacitors(cEC)is mainly determined by the specific capacitance and operational voltage range.In this study,we propose to construct an unbalanced structure to make full use of stable voltage range for improving energy density.The stable voltage range is firstly carefully explored using cyclic voltammetry.Then an unbalanced carbon-based electrochemical capacitor(ucEC)is constructed with an optimized positive electrode to negative electrode weight ratio and voltage range.Its electrochemical performance is comprehensively investigated,including energy density,power density as well as cycle life.The ucEC is capable to deliver an improved energy density up to 64.9 Wh/kg(1.4 times as high as a general cEC)without sacrificing the power density and cycle life.The electrode properties after cycling are also analyzed,illustrating the change of electrode potential caused by unbalanced structure.The proposed structure demonstrates a great potential for improving the energy density at little cost of electrode design and cell configuration.     

新型非对称电化学电容器的电极匹配研究

活性炭负极容量的有效利用率是导致双电层电化学电容器和C/Ni(OH)2非对称电化学电容器容量性质差异的主要因素,并可将其作为非对称电化学电容器容量设计和测算的依据;本文引入Ni(OH)2正极有效活性物质概念,以正极有效活性物质的量匹配负极的设计容量,从而优化正、负极的容量匹配,改善非对称电化学电容器的容量和大电流性能.     

Orientation Ordering of Nanoparticle Ag/Co Cores Controlled by Electric and Magnetic Fields

The effect of electric and magnetic fields on the sandwich structure Pt/hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H)/stearic acid monolayer/Langmuir–Blodgett film of Ag/Co nanoparticles encapsulated in an organic envelope is studied. This structure is used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell filled with NaCl solution (1 mM ) and equipped with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Reversible changes in voltammograms are observed due to treatments (negative or positive bias voltage and simultaneous laser irradiation) applied to the designed structure before measurements. As an explanation of the observed phenomena we suggest that both the Co‐up and Ag‐up (on the a‐Si:H surface) orientation orderings of nanoparticle Ag/Co cores are repeatedly reached. The role of the photovoltaic material (a‐Si:H) in the observed behavior is explained. Voltammetric measurements with an applied magnetic field support our idea about the orientation ordering of nanoparticle cores.     

应用于锌-空气电池的新型碳载钴-聚噻吩复合催化剂

采用化学氧化聚合法合成了以碳为载体的钴-聚噻吩复合物(Co-PTh/C)作为气体扩散电极氧还原催化剂。 通过扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线能谱（SEM-EDX）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试技术对催化剂进行表征。 结果表明,Co-PTh/C催化剂颗粒的粒径为10~30 nm,且分布均匀。 利用极化曲线、交流阻抗等电化学方法测试了其在碱性介质中(6 mol/L KOH)对氧还原的催化性能。 此催化剂在碱性介质中空气气氛条件下,电极电位在-0.20 V(vs.Hg/HgO)时电流密度达到0.152 A/cm2,催化性能高于质量分数5%Pt/C,显示出优越的氧还原电催化性能。 采取催化层/集流体/扩散层的排布方式,以纯锌为负极,6 mol/L的KOH为电解液,将气体扩散电极与锌负极组装成锌-空气电池。 电池以0.075 A/cm2进行恒流放电,放电电压为1.1 V且性能稳定。