乙炔和三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应研究

制备了氯铂酸-异丙醇、氯铂酸-聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷和氯铂酸-三苯基膦三种催化剂,评价了它们在乙炔与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应中的催化活性及选择性;并考察了反应温度、乙炔流量、氯铂酸-聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷与三乙氧基硅烷摩尔比、PPh3/H2PtCl6摩尔比等因素对产物收率的影响.结果表明,氯铂酸-聚甲基乙烯基硅氧烷对该反应表现出较高的催化活性,在催化剂与三乙氧基硅烷摩尔比为1.2×10-4∶1,T=80℃,乙炔流量=120 mL/min的条件下反应,产物乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷的选择性为100%,收率可达97.5%.     

铂-金交替修饰的铂核纳米颗粒的制备与表征

通过吸附在铂纳米颗粒表面的氢交替还原氯金酸和氯铂酸,得到了复合型纳米颗粒Pt@Au/Pt,用UV-Vis光谱、TEM和XRD对其进行了表征.     

氯铂酸-胺体系催化氯丙烯硅氢化反应的研究

研究了氯铂酸-胺体系在氯丙烯与三氯硅烷和甲基二氯硅烷反应中的催化作用,发现该体系是比氯铂酸更为有效的催化剂并且能提供高产率的加成产物,其催化活性受胺的结构和肢对氯铂酸摩尔比的影响.比较了四种胺对催化体系活性的影响,其作用大小依次为:Bu_3N PhNMe_2 PhNH_2 BuNH_2.胺对氯铂酸的摩尔比等于1时,催化体系活性最高;当摩尔比大于1时,催化活性明显下降甚至失活.     

ICP-AES法测定钢中酸溶铝和酸不溶铝及全铝

应用ICP－AES法测定了钢中酸溶铝和酸不溶铝，并对测定条件及相关参数进行了试验和优化，并于基体的干扰及方法的准确度和精密度也作了研究并标准物质作了验证。用此法所测得结果与标准物质的证书值间无显著差异，将酸不溶铝和酸溶铝的测得值相加即得总铝的量。     

氯铂酸(钠)-冠醚络合物及对氢化硅烷化反应的催化作用的研究

对氢化硅烷化反应所用铂催化剂已进行了大量的研究,但以氯铂酸(钠)的冠醚络合物作为氢化硅烷化反应的催化剂至今未见报导。冠醚用于铂系金属的络合多是以含氯,含硫的环状化合物为配体。氯铂酸(钠)冠醚络合物的研究旨在寻求室温惰性、高温有良好活性和能反复使用的新型氢化硅烷化反应催化剂。本文报导了氯铂酸及其钠盐和18-冠-9及1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13,二氮环十八烷(简称([2,2])的冠醚络合物的合成,物性及其对不饱和化合物的硅氢加成反应的催化活性和选     

铂纳米簇/聚酰亚胺杂化膜反应器的制备及其在催化苯部分加氢中的应用

研究了铂纳米簇/光敏性聚酰亚胺(Pt/PSPI)杂化膜在苯部分加氢制环己烯反应中的催化性能. 通过微波加热法还原氯铂酸, 制备了单分散 Pt 纳米簇, 并将其掺入到光敏性聚酰胺酸基体中, 通过热亚胺化法得到 Pt/PSPI 杂化膜. 透射电镜表明, 铂纳米颗粒平均粒径为 3.7 nm. 用 Pt/PSPI 催化液相苯加氢反应, 环己烯选择性达到 72.4%.     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定卡铂和氯铂酸的含量

称取样品0.100 0g,用水溶解后,根据被测物浓度不同加水定量稀释至合适浓度。在高效液相色谱分离中,选择PRP-X100为分离柱,由于固定相上键合有二乙烯基苯/三乙胺聚合物,对氯铂酸和卡铂的分离效果较好。用60mmol·L~(-1)硝酸铵溶液(预先用稀氨水或稀硝酸调节其酸度至pH 5.5)为流动相,按等梯度程序进行洗脱。分离后的洗脱液按质谱仪器的工作条件进行测定。结果表明:氯铂酸和卡铂的线性范围依次为1.00～100μg·L~(-1)和500.0～1 000μg·L~(-1);检出限(3S/N)依次为0.1,0.01μg·L~(-1)。按标准加入法在实际样品基础上进行回收试验,测得氯铂酸的回收率为90.0%～98.8%,卡铂的回收率为98.5%～99.2%,两者测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)依次为2.7%～3.4%和2.1%～2.8%。应用上述方法进行实际样品分析时还发现,当卡铂的检测量为1mg·L~(-1)时,未检测到氯铂酸,故该方法无需富集就能达到痕量铂的测定。     

乳液中氢醌的基体标准物质制备

介绍乳液中氢醌基体标准物质制备过程。在阴性乳液样品中加入氢醌标准品，经混匀后分装，得到乳液中氢醌基体标准物质。采用高效液相色谱法测定乳液样品中氢醌的含量，并对样品进行了稳定性检验、定值和不确定度分析，结果均满足标准要求。经3家有资质的实验室联合定值，乳液中氢醌基体标准物质标准值为108μg/g，扩展不确定度为9.86μg/g (k=2)。该标准物质满足基体标准物质要求，可用于乳液中氢醌检测的质量控制。     

手性修饰的介孔碳材料MPC-61负载铂催化剂上α-酮酸酯的不对称氢化反应

采用氯铂酸乙醇溶液和氯铂酸水溶液为前体,通过浸渍法制备了介孔碳材料MPC-61负载Pt质量分数分别为4%和10%的Pt/MPC-61催化剂,并利用XRD,TEM,N2吸附-脱附和CO化学吸附等手段对催化剂进行了表征.考察了经过手性分子辛可尼定修饰后的Pt/MPC-61催化剂在丙酮酸乙酯不对称氢化反应中的催化性能.以氯铂...     

3－氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的合成

采用氯铂酸／异丙醇和三苯基膦／环己酮为催化剂，在室温下能够使三氯硅烷与３－氯丙烯迅速发生硅氢加成反应，高产率地生成３－氯丙基三氯硅烷，继而将３－氯丙基三氯硅烷与无水甲醇同时滴加到沸腾的石油醚中进行醇解，合成了３－氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。