Synthesis, physico-chemical studies and solvent-dependent enantioselective epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene catalysed by chiral Ruthenium(II) Schiff base complexes. I

Ruthenium(II) chiral Schiff base complexes 1–10 and their precursor ligands derived from -amino acids viz. -leucine, -histidine with salicylaldehyde, 3-tertiary-butyl-, 3,5-di-tertiary-butyl-, 3,5 dichloro- and 3,5-dinitrosalicylaldehyde are reported. The characterization of the ligands and complexes was accomplished by various appropriate physico-chemical studies, namely, microanalysis, IR-, UV/Vis-, ¹H, ³¹P{¹H} NMR, CD spectroscopy, optical rotation, conductance measurement and cyclic voltammetry. The complexes thus synthesised were used as catalysts for enantioselective epoxidation of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene. The effect on enantioselectivity and chemical conversions to epoxide were studied in different solvents viz. acetonitrile, dichloromethane and fluorobenzene along with change of the substituents on ligands and different terminal oxidants. The less polar nature of solvent as well as the donating group attached on the catalysts favours enantioselectivity, while PhIO was the oxidant of choice. The enantiomeric excess of the resulting epoxide was evaluated by chiral cyclodex BDA capillary column.     

Enantioselective palladium catalyzed allylic substitution using chiral P,N,O Schiff base ligands

Palladium complexes prepared in situ from [Pd(η³-C₃H₅)Cl]₂ and a number of chiral Schiff ligands having hard and soft donor atoms were evaluated as catalysts for allylic substitution reaction. Enantioselectivity of up to 92% was observed.     

某些稀土硝酸盐与N,N-二亚水杨基乙二胺-二甲基亚砜三元配合物的合成和晶体结构

合成了Tb(Ⅲ)、Y(Ⅲ)、Nd(Ⅲ)硝酸盐与N,N-二亚水杨基乙二胺、二甲基亚观的配合物[RE(C₆H₄OHCHNC₂H₄NCHC₆H₄OH)(NO₃)₃(CH₃SOCH₃)］.Tb(Ⅲ)配合物晶体为单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/n,a=0.9628(3)nm,b=1.6439(4)nm,C=1.6256(2)nm,β=102.78(2)°,V=2.509(2)nm₃,D_x=1.830g/cm³,Z=4,μ=2.996mm^-1,F(000)=1368,R=0.043,R_w=0.046.Tb(Ⅲ)的配位数是9,配位几何为单帽四方反核柱.所有的配位原子都是氧原子.两个中心离子被双Schiff碱桥联,形成一维无限长链.     

Titanium imido complexes containing 1,3,5-triazacyclohexane ligands

The syntheses of the 1,3,5-trimethyl- and tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane-supported imido complexes [M(NR)(R′₃tach)Cl₂] (M = Ti or Zr (NMR only); R = Bu^t or 2,6-C₆H₃Prⁱ₂; R′ = Me or Bu^t) are reported, along with that of the thermally robust dibenzyl derivative [Ti(NBu^t)(Me₃tach)(CH₂Ph)₂]. The tert-butylimido ligand in [Ti(NBu^t)(Me₃tach)Cl₂] undergoes exchange with ArNH₂ (Ar = 4-C₆H₄Me or 2,6-C₆H₄Me or 2,6-C₆H₃Prⁱ₂) to form the corresponding arylimides [Ti(NAr)(Me₃tach)Cl₂]. The Me₃tach ring in [Ti(NR)(Me₃tach)Cl₂] undergoes slow exchange with Bu^t₃tach or Me₃tacn (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) to give the ring-exchanged products [Ti(NR)(Bu^t₃tach)Cl₂] and [Ti(NR)(Me₃tacn)Cl₂], respectively. The complexes [Ti(NR)(Me₃tach)X₂] (R = Bu^t or 2,6-C₆H₃Prⁱ₂; X = Cl or CH₂Ph) exhibit room-temperature dynamic NMR behaviour via an unusual trigonal twist of the facially coordinated Me₃tach ligand, and the activation parameters for these processes have been measured and are discussed. The X-ray structures of [Ti(NR)(Bu^t₃tach)Cl₂] (R = Bu^t or 2,6-C₆H₃Prⁱ₂) and [Ti(NBu^t)(Me₃tach)(X)₂] [X= Cl or CH₂Ph) are reported. Me₃tach and Bu^t₃tach = 1,3,5-trimethyl- and tri-tert-butyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane, respectively.     

镧系与直链醚-2,4-二羟基苯甲醛席夫碱新配合物的合成及波谱研究

Vogtle等发现,直链醚除具有类似冠醚配位各种金属离子的能力外,还弥补了冠醚的不足之处,如易合成、产率高、价廉等.我们曾报道过有关EPR工作.本文合成了2,4-二羟基苯甲醛缩二甘醇二胺(DHYDA)与镧系的新配合物.     

Effect of Structural Properties of Mesoporous Co3O4 Catalysts on Methane Combustion

Highly ordered 2D and 3D-Co₃O₄ catalysts were prepared using SBA-15 and KIT-6 as templates. Nano-Co₃O₄ catalyst was obtained by calcination of cobalt nitrate as a comparison. The BET surface area of nano-Co₃O₄, 2D-Co₃O₄ and 3D-Co₃O₄ catalysts was 16.2, 63.9 and 75.1 m²/g, respectively. All the catalysts were tested for the total combustion of methane and their catalytic performance was in the order of 3D-Co₃O₄(T₉₀=355℃) >2D-Co₃O₄(T₉₀=383℃) >nano-Co₃O₄(T₉₀=455℃). It was also found that the order of the areal specific reaction rates for the combustion of methane followed the same order of total activity. The characterization result demonstrates that enhanced catalytic performance of methane of the 2D-Co₃O₄ and 3D-Co₃O₄ catalysts is due to their pronounced reducibility and abundant active Co3+ species, which was caused by the preferential exposure of {220} crystal planes in 3D-Co₃O₄ and 2D-Co₃O₄ catalysts compared to the nano-Co₃O₄.     

Synthesis of a novel copper(II) complex and its crystal structure

One novel chiral copper(II) complex was successfully synthesized from the reaction of chiral 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione ligand with CuCl₂ in dichloromethane in the presence of Et₃N and DMAP at room temperature. Its unique crystal structure was unambiguously disclosed by X-ray analysis. The crystal is tetragonal, space group I4(1), space group a=15.0875(11), b=15.0875(11), c=19.362(3) Å, =90, β=90, γ=90°, V=4407.4(8) ų, Z=8, ρ_calc=1.639 mg cm⁻³.     

THE EFFECT OF ACIDS ON THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF SCHIFF BASES—II. IMINES CONTAINING THE C=C-C=N AND C=C-C=C-C=N UNITS

Abstract— The Fourier-transform infrared spectra of chloroform-d solutions of conjugated imines CH₃CH=CHCH=NCH(CH₃)₂ and CH₃CH₂CH=CHCH=CHCH=NCH(CH₃)₂ and the related protonated species with HCl, HBr, HI, trichloro, dichloro, monobromo and monochloroacetic acids or propionic acid are presented. The effects of conjugation and protonation are examined. The results show that conjugation slightly increases the basicity of the Schiff bases. HCl, HBr and HI protonate the Schiff bases completely. The carboxylic acids protonate partially depending on their p K _a, values. When the Schiff base contains two (or more) C=C bonds conjugated with C=N, the main C=C stretching band undergoes a strong intensification showing that sizeable dipole moment variations occur along the conjugated chain.     

Chiral Ni(II) Schiff base complex-catalysed enantioselective epoxidation of prochiral non-functionalised alkenes

The synthesis, characterisation and single crystal X-ray structures of square planar Ni(II) chiral Schiff base complexes with N₂O₂-type ligands have been described. These catalysts were used for enantioselective epoxidation of non-functionalised alkenes viz. 1-hexene, 1-octene, styrene, 4-chloro-, 4-nitrostyrene and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene using NaOCl as oxidant, giving excellent conversions with long chain alkenes while ee's were moderate to good. A mechanism for the Ni(II)-catalysed epoxidation with NaOCl is proposed.     

Thermochemical studies on copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of the Schiff base derived from 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole and salicylaldehyde

Microcalorimetric measurements were made on copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes of the Schiff base (L) derived from 2-(2-aminophenyl)benzimidazole and salicylaldehyde. The complexes were of the general type MX₂L₂ with M = Cu or Ni, and X = Cl, Br, NO₃ or ClO₄. The enthalpies of decomposition of the solid complexes to solid products, MX₂ and L, were derived. Despite showing some variation depending on the anion, the average binding enthalpy of the ligand to nickel was 47.5 ± 7.3 kJ mol⁻¹, greater than that to copper, 16.8 ± 3.5 kJ mol⁻¹ by 30.7 ± 8.1 kJ mol⁻¹.     

Influence of Schiff base and lanthanide metals on the synthesis, stability, and reactivity of monoamido lanthanide complexes bearing two Schiff bases

The monoamido lanthanide complexes stabilized by Schiff base ligand L(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (L = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-8-C(9)H(6)N, Ln = Yb (1), Y (2), Eu (3), Nd (4), and La (5)) were synthesized in good yields by the reactions of Ln[N(TMS)(2)](3) with 1.8 equiv of HL in hexane at room temperature. It was found that the stability of 1-5 depends greatly on the size of the lanthanide metals with the increasing trend of Yb ≈ Y < Nd < La. The amine elimination of Ln[N(TMS)(2)](3) with the bulky bidentate Schiff base HL' (L' = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-2,6-Pr(i)(2)-C(6)H(3)) afforded the monoamido lanthanide complexes L'(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (Ln = Yb (9), Y (10), Nd (11), and La (12)). While the amine elimination with the less bulky Schiff base HL' (L' = 3,5-Bu(t)(2)-2-(O)-C(6)H(2)CH═N-2,6-Me(2)-C(6)H(3)) yielded the desired monoamido complexes with the small metals of Y and Yb, L'(2)LnN(TMS)(2) (Ln = Yb (13) and Y (14)), and the more stable tris-Schiff base complexes with the large metals of La and Nd, yielded L'(3)Ln as the only product. Complexes 1-14 were fully characterized including X-ray crystal structural analysis. Complexes 1-5, 10, and 14 can serve as the efficient catalysts for addition of amines to carbodiimides, and the catalytic activity is greatly affected by the lanthanide metals with the active sequence of Yb < Y < Eu ≈ Nd ≈ La.     

Dynamic behaviour and X-ray analysis of chiral η-allylpalladium complexes. II

The DANTE technique and NOESY two-dimensional method have been employed to observe the isomerization of the chiral cationic complex [Pd(η³-CH₂CMeCH₂(P-P′)]⁺ (1a), where P-P′ = the chiral chelating ligand (S)(N-diphenylphosphino)(2-diphenylphosphinoxymethyl)pyrrolidine. The rate constant was found to be 0.5 s⁻¹ in CHCl₃ at 295 K and 1.50 s⁻¹ in the presence of added free ligand. In the latter case the epimerization proceeds by a π-σ-π mechanism via the intermediacy of a primary η¹-allylpalladium complex. Although the intermediate was not detected, the NMR findings reveal that it has the allylic terminus η¹-bonded to palladium. The structure of 1a in its PF₆⁻ salt has been determined. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a 10.029(4) b 19.203(8) c 36.115(6) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.0572 and R_w = 0.0712 for 3716 observed reflections with I > 3σ(I).     

RCOO-取代的镍(Ⅱ)配合物单组分高效催化乙烯均聚和共聚反应

合成并表征了含RCOO-基团的单核(Ni¹~Ni²)及双核(Ni³)镍配合物[(2,6-R₂-C₆H₃)—N=C(H)—(3-Ph-5-PhCOO-2-O-C₆H₂)-κ²-N,O]Ni(CH₃)(pyridine)](R=iPr;3,5-tBu₂C₆H₃),并用于催化乙烯均聚和共聚反应。 作为单组分催化剂,这些配合物可以有效地催化乙烯聚合得到中等相对分子质量的支化聚乙烯(PE)。 供电性的PhCOO—基团促进了催化剂Ni¹的引发,从而在低温下比Ni⁰活性更高。 引入大位阻的2,6-(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)苯胺基团,催化剂Ni²在5×10⁵ Pa下的活性高达1.8×10⁶ g PE mol^-1·Ni^-1·h^-1,是活性最高的水杨醛亚胺中性镍催化剂之一。 与相应的单核催化剂相比,双核催化剂Ni³对三苯基膦具有更好的耐受性。 这些催化剂可催化乙烯与1,5-己二烯、1,7-辛二烯、6-溴-1-己烯或10-十一烯酸甲酯的共聚合,制备功能化聚乙烯。     

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of alkylbis(2-benzothiazolylsulfen)amides

An isocratic, reversed-phase HPLC procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of isopropyl-, tert.-butyl-, tert.-amyl-, cyclohexylbis(2-benzothiazolylsulfen)amides. Quantitation is performed on a C₁₈ bonded-phase column (Separon SGX C₁₈ 5 μm) using N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide as internal standard followed by UV photodiode-array detection. The precision (n = 7) for all derivatives of alkylbis(2-benzothiazolylsulfen)amides is within 1.5%. Identification of the compounds also in the mixtures was done by NMR spectroscopy.     

双(取代水杨醛)缩卡巴肼正丁基锡配合物的合成、结构及除草活性

在微波甲醇溶剂热中,正丁基三氯化锡(n-BuSnCl₃)与双[4-二乙氨基或(3,5-二叔丁基)取代水杨醛]缩卡巴肼和缩硫代卡巴肼配体反应,合成双(取代水杨醛)缩卡巴肼和缩硫代卡巴肼丁基锡配合物,( n-BuSn) ₂CI₃(OH₂)[(2-OH,R)PhCH=NNH]₂CX[R:4-NEt₂(4-二乙氨基),X:O(A1);R:4-NEt₂,X:S(A2);R:3,5-(t-Bu)₂,X:O(A3);R:3,5-(t-Bu)₂,X:S(A4)],经元素分析、IR、¹H 和 ¹³C NMR表征,X射线衍射获得的配合物A2的晶体结构表明,化合物A2是具有六配位畸形八面体构型的双锡核配合物。 配体及其丁基锡配合物均对马齿苋、刺苋、四九菜心、苋菜和决明子靶标植物具有生长抑制作用,且配合物A1和A2具有较广谱、配合物A3和A4具有选择性生长抑制作用,可作为杂草生长抑制候选物研究。     

新型单核镍配合物的原位合成及其荧光性能

以3,5-二氯水杨醛和碳酰肼为原料,DMF和乙腈为溶剂,硝酸镍为离子源,采用溶剂热法原位合成了一个新型的单核席夫碱配合物Ni(L){1, H₃L=(3,5-二氯-2-羟基-苯亚甲基)［N′-(3,5-二氯-2-羟基-苯亚甲基)］-1-氨基-N-氨基甲酸},其结构经FT-IR,元素分析和X-射线单晶衍射表征。1(CCDC: 1 044 165)属单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/m,晶胞参数a=10.416 6(5) , b=6.516 2(3) , c=13.479 1(6) , β=109.330(5)°, V=863.34(7) ³, Z=2, Dc=1.834 g·cm^-3, μ=1.764 mm^-1, F(000)=474。 Ni(III)与L^3-中的两个氮原子和两个氧原子配位,形成一个平面的四配位结构。用荧光发射光谱研究了1的荧光性能。结果表明：在最大激发波长（435 nm）激发下,1的DMF溶液在500 nm附近显示出较强的荧光性能。     

Mesogenic behaviour of two series of orthopalladated polar inline derivatives and their organic ligands (II)

One series of 4-n-octyl-N-(4-X-benzylidene)anilines and two series of polar orthopalladated complexes derived from these of type Pd₂(μ-Y)₂ p-X-C₆H₃-CH = N-C₆H₄-C₈H₁₇₂; X: -H, -F, -Cl, -Br, -NO₂, -CN, -CH₃, -OCH₃, -CF₃, -COOCH₃, -OCOCH₃ and -OCOQH₅; Y: -OAc and -Cl; have been synthesized and their mesogenic properties studied. In the polar Schiff bases used as organic ligands, the polar end group determines both the presence of the mesophase and the type of mesophase exhibited. In the complexes, however, it is the central structure of the molecule that practically always determines mesogenic behaviour. No acetato-bridged complex is mesogenic. All the chloro-bridged complexes, however, show mesogenic behaviour. All these compounds show smectic A mesophases with the exception of the CN compound, which only exhibits a nematic mesophase.     

Dinuclear transition metal compounds of a decadentate pyrazole-containing chelating ligand. X-ray crystal structure of Co2(tthd)(ClO4)4(H2O)2(MeOH)1.75

A potentially decadentate ligand, 1,1,4,7,10,10-hexakis(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane (tthd), has been synthesized from the reaction of tri-ethylenetetramine with six equivalents of N-hydroxymethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole. The tthd ligand forms coordination compounds, M₂(tthd)(ClO₄)₄(H₂O)_x, when M is Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd and x = 4–8; and M₂(tthd)(A)₂(ClO₄)₂(H₂O)_x when M is Co and Ni, A is NCS or Cl, and x = 4–8. The cobalt compound, Co₂(tthd)(ClO₄)₂(H₂O)₂(MeOH)_1.75, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1, a = 1.959(2), b = 1.5657(3), c = 2.1244(3) nm, = 105.5(1), β = 96.9(1), γ = 112.1(1). Due to severe disorder of the anions the structure could only be refined to an R_w, value of 0.099. The ligand acts as a decadentate, dinucleating ligand. The cobalt ions are distorted octahedrally surrounded by five N-atoms of the tthd ligand and an O-atom of water occupying the sixth coordination place. The other perchlorate compounds have very similar structures, as can be concluded from spectroscopic data.

In the thiocyanate and chloride compounds the anions have replaced the coordinated water molecules, resulting in octahedral Ni compounds. With Co thiocyanate, however, tthd acts as an octadentate ligand, resulting only in five-coordinated compounds.     

Supported transition-metal catalysts for the C---C coupling reaction between ethene and diazoalkanes

The preparation of a series of immobilized transition-metal catalysts are reported. The catalysts were obtained by chemisorption of either rhodium(I) or iridium(I) complexes [MX(C₂H₄)₂]_n (M = Rh, Ir; X = Cl, OAc, acac, f₃-acac, f₆-acac) on SiO₂ or MgO supports. The oxides were also activated by SiCl₄ or TiCl₄ to give support materials in which the acidic nature of the surface is substantially increased. The activity of the immobilized catalysts was tested, particularly in the reaction of ethene with diphenyldiazomethane which yields a mixture of 1.1-diphenylpropene (8) and 1.1-diphenylcyclopropane (9). It was found that the most active and most selective (highest ratio 8:9) catalyst B1 was formed support material B (SiO₂ activated by SiCl₄) and [RhCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (1) and that both the activity and selectivity of B1 was comparable with that of complex 1 in solution. In contrast, the supported catalysts A2, D2 and A3, D3 obtained from [Rh(OAc)(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (2) and [Rh(acac)(C₂H₄)₂] (3) were less active than compounds 2 and 3 in solution. The immobilized catalysts A6, A7, D7 and E7, which were generated from the chloro- and acetatoiridium(I) complexes [IrCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (6) and [Ir(OAc)(C₂H₄)₂]₂ (7), possessed a lower activity than the rhodium counterparts. With diazoalkanes other than Ph₂CN₂, the activity of the supported catalyst B1 was partly higher and partly lower than that of complex 1 in the homogeneous phase.     

Synthesis, structure and characterization of M---Sn (M=Mo, W) bonded heterobimetallic complexes containing bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands

The reaction of bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane tetracarbonylmolybdenum(0) or tungsten(0) complexes with RSnCl₃ (R=Ph, Cl) at room temperature yielded heterobimetallic complexes CH₂(Pz)₂M(CO)₃(Cl)(SnCl₂R) (Pz represents substituted pyrazole; M=Mo or W; R=Ph or Cl) in good yields, which have been characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The reaction of bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-halopyrazol-1-yl)methane tetracarbonyl tungsten with PhSnCl₃ did not take place even in refluxing CH₂Cl₂. The electronic and steric characteristics of substituents on the pyrazole ring remarkably influence the structures of the products. The structures of CH₂(3,5-Me₂-4-BrPz)₂W(CO)₃(Cl)(SnCl₃) (8) and CH₂(4-BrPz)₂Mo(CO)₃(μ-Cl)(SnCl₂Ph) (17) (Pz: pyrazole) determined by X-ray crystallography show that no chlorine-bridged W---Sn bond is observed in complex 8, while one chlorine-bridged Mo---Sn bond exists in complex 17. The Sn---M bond length is 2.7438(5) Å in complex 8 (W---Sn) and 2.7559(4) Å in complex 17 (Mo---Sn).