高职“聚合物合成技术”项目化课改——“情感注入、四动一定、熟能生巧”之探讨

"聚合物合成技术"通过以合成典型高分子产品为项目载体,实施理实一体项目化教学改革。通过改革,凝练两大特色:项目设计有理念,"吃出方法、吃出味道、品出文化";项目实施有特色,"情感注入、四动一定、熟能生巧"。在轻松的师生关系前提下,在充满赏识的教学氛围中,学生熟"四动",巧"一定",真正实现"做中学、学中做、学做一体"课改实效,使课改脚踏实地、落地有声。     

混合教学模式在有机化学课程教学中的应用

针对目前高职院校有机化学教学中面临的难题,本文以"羧酸"教学为例,探讨了混合教学模式在有机化学教学中的应用,采用在线学习和课堂教学相结合的方式实施翻转课堂教学,使课堂教学模式由"以教为主"转变为"以学为主",同时根据高职院校学生的特点,采用问题式学习任务单的方式和组长负责制的分组学习模式。实践证明,教学效果良好。     

有机化学实验“四位一体”教学模式的实践与探讨

以苯甲酸正丁酯的合成为例,介绍了有机化学实验"学、教、做、评"四位一体的教学模式。以导学、助学、促学、先学后教等方式促进学生自主学习的积极性;采用以问题为中心的教学方法,确立了以教师为主导、学生为主体的师生关系,充分发挥了学生的主观能动性;以开放性实验代替传统实验,充分培养了学生的实验技能和科学素养;对实验成绩进行综合立体评价,体现了评价的客观性和真实性。实践表明"四位一体"的教学模式不仅能够充分调动学生的主观能动性,培养学生的实验技能和兴趣,而且能有效地提高实验教学质量。     

促进科学观念与科学实践协同发展的学生必做实验的教材编写

国内外科学教育界普遍认为,科学观念与科学实践的协同发展是培养学生科学素养的重要途径。教材对于学生必做实验的编排和处理,对于教师的教学设计及实施具有重要的影响。简要介绍了科学观念与科学实践协同发展的内涵,并针对北京师范大学“新世纪”山东科学技术出版社高中化学必修教材中的学生必做实验编写的整体情况和具体策略进行了深入分析,阐释了该教材对于学生必做实验的编写是如何体现科学观念与科学实践的协同发展、彰显这些实验的核心素养发展功能的,并提出了新教材学生必做实验的教学实施建议。     

医学化学课程中开设专题研讨课的实践

以2011级本科医学心理学专业学生为研究对象,尝试在医学化学课程部分章节的教学实施中增加"阿尔茨海默病与生物元素"的专题研讨。通过比较增加研讨课前后的教学效果,发现采用该模式进行教学后,学生的学习兴趣、学习主动性有了较大提高,同时提升了发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。     

小组作业及Origin软件在高分子化学教学中的应用

将Origin软件用于高分子化学教学,选择合适的习题设计成小组作业,并通过翻转课堂进行交流、总结,让学生在做中学、教中学、学中做、学中思,取得了良好的教学效果。找到了将工程教育专业认证所要求的,学生使用现代工具的意识与能力、合作意识与能力、交流与表达能力的培养,渗透、融入到高分子化学教学中的结合点与切入点,找到了在高分子化学教学中培养学生上述意识与能力的具体方法与实现形式,使学生在完成这些小组作业的过程中,不仅学会并练习用Origin软件解决高分子化学相关问题,同时相关意识与能力也得到培养。同时,也使"以学为中心"、"以学生为中心"的理念在教学设计与教学实践中得到有效贯彻。     

初中"科学"课堂中学生学习行为的特征及其影响因素

从综合科学课程改革实验区的"科学"课堂入手,运用质化的研究方法对学生的学习状态及学习行为进行观察分析和总结,进而阐述"科学"课中学生学习行为的主要特征,以及影响学生学习行为的主要因素.希望通过对"科学"课堂的观察与思考给目前的理科教学提供一定的启示,使学生养成良好的学习行为,更好的促进学生科学素养全面的、主动的发展.     

谈"物质的分类"在新教材中的地位和作用

新教材中"物质的分类"这一节内容是连接初、高中化学的纽带和桥梁,具有非常重要的承前启后的作用,我们应该把衔接教学的思想渗透到整个教学过程中去,使知识间的跨度小一些,让学生接受容易一些;物质的分类也是学习和研究化学物质及其变化的一种常用科学方法,我们要让学生学知识的同时学到方法——"鱼"、"渔"兼得。     

物理化学教学与兴趣教育

面对物理化学课程教学中存在的学生兴趣不足的问题,物理化学教师应做兴趣教育的有心人,在思想上要重视兴趣教育,教学上要想方设法激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生由被动学习转变为“我喜欢学”;扬州大学物理化学教学联系公知公认的现象或学生生活中提炼出的实际问题采用设问教学法,同时结合现代教育技术,取得了较好的教学效果。     

提高探究学习活动的实效性

探究学习活动实质上是让学生在做中学,不是辅助教师"灌输知识"的手段.新课程实施要努力提高探究学习活动的自主性、探究性和实效性.教师要尊重学生学习的主体地位,关注学生在学习上可能出现的问题,注意挖掘学习课题中蕴涵的科学方法、思维训练等教育因素,注意创设能引发学生发现问题、找到探究实验设计思路的真实情景,注意探究学习活动和其他教学环节的整合.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.