地方高校化工专业“四位一体”实践教学模式的探索

针对当前地方高校化工类专业实践教学中存在的问题,结合地方高校实际,提出了集校内课堂实验、校内仿真实训、校内基地实训与校外基地实践为一体的化工专业实践教学模式,具有"内外结合、虚实结合、循序渐进"等特色。经探索和实践,该模式可走出一条具有地方高校特色的实践教学路径,可形成工科专业实践教学的示范模式,对于提升地方高校的竞争力具有积极意义。     

工程教育培养创新创业复合型人才

首先分析了当前我国高校对创新创业人才培养不足的现状,讨论了在高分子材料专业大学教育中引入"创新创业人才培养模式"的对策,具体提出加强实践教学,促进工程教育建设的执行方案。并对该人才培养模式在高分子材料专业中的应用开展案例研究,最后探讨了工程教育对培养大学复合型人才的作用。     

“创青春”创新创业实训项目:基于1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸的绿色合成及产业化构思*

为推动大学生创新创业活动深入开展,引导大学生在创新创业中知识的实操运用及综合素养的提升,推出“创青春”辽宁省大学生创新创业项目。以1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸的绿色合成及产业化构思为载体,进行大学生的“创青春”创新创业实训;通过创新创业实训实验的开展,培养大学生的创新、创意、创造、创业的意识,提升其专业能力、实践能力及岗位立业、合作创业、自主创业的能力。     

新工科背景下高分子材料类人才创新创业能力培养的改革与实践

近年来随着双一流建设的不断发展,高校更加注重对大学生创新创业能力的培养.本文基于新工科建设和工程教育专业认证的要求,以四川大学高分子材料与工程专业为例,通过构建分阶段分层次的培养步骤、全面实施"一条龙、全过程"本科生导师制、打造"本研协同"的专业培养模式以及加强实践能力培养,论述了高分子材料与工程专业学生创新创业能力的...     

教师资格认证下师范生教育实践能力培养模式探索

以学科教学知识(pedagogical content knowledge, PCK)为基础, 通过立体化核心课程群和"观摩—见习—研习—实训—实习"五阶段一体化实践教学体系构建, 引入教师职业资格标准, 师范生将已有的化学学科专业知识、技能和教育科学知识运用于中学化学教育、教学和研究工作;建立可观察、可测量、可操作的科学的成长档案袋, 达到系统全面地提升师范生教育实践能力的目的, 实现教育实践能力培养模式的创新探索。     

新工科背景下湖南大学应用化学专业教学改革研究与实践

新工科背景下我国高校强调宽口径、跨学科和复合型的应用化学学科人才培养。结合我校近年来应用化学专业教学改革研究的实际情况,从专业综合改革、实践教学、创新创业及海外课程等几个方面,总结了应用化学专业本科教学的改革成果。     

应用型地方院校仪器分析实训教学的探索与实践——以导数紫外分光光度法实训为例

主要探讨将仪器实训教学引入到地方院校应用化学等相关专业的教学体系。尝试“任务领引型”实训模式,将所要学习的知识和实践技能蕴藏在一个或几个具体的任务中,让学生通过循序渐进完成一系列任务,提高学生的综合应用能力。通过教学实践获得较好效果。     

对标新工科无机材料合成方法课程改革实践

为顺应新工科人才培养的需求，对无机材料合成方法课程进行了改革探索。结合本专业光电功能材料研究特色，整合教学内容；采用对分课堂教学模式和多途径实践教学，提升学生创新思维、综合能力和实践能力；多角度融入思政元素，增强学生的家国情怀；细化采分点，突出过程性评价。该改革实践对同类课程建设具有借鉴意义。     

“双一流”背景下医药化工学生创新创业教育研究——评《化工行业大学生创新创业基础教程》

正"双一流"大学的建设标志着我国创新创业进入全新发展阶段。此背景下,各高校皆对其创新创业教育进行优化改革,力求培养学生创新创业意识,有效强化其创新创业能力,进而为社会的创新发展建立坚实的人力资源基础。随着化工行业在社会经济建设中的地位不断提升,并成为支撑国民经济体系的重要力量;且大众越发关注社会医药化工创新进程与生产水平,所以,高校应重视对医药化工专业学生的培     

高分子材料与工程专业生产实习环节的教学改革与实践

本文结合高分子材料与工程专业教学实践,分析了生产实习教学实际情况及存在的问题,对生产实习课程进行改革,提出了校外实习与校内实习协同进行的新生产实习模式,重点建设校内生产实习内容体系,切实解决校外实习内容更新慢,缺乏前沿成型技术这一问题。校内实习基地的建设结合了制度保障体系、教师队伍和信息化平台建设等进行了深入实践,学生参与生产实习的热情提高明显,各项创新创业大赛、考研和就业情况表明,本专业学生具有较好的工程实践和创新能力,改革实施效果明显。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。