以培养卓越化学教师为目标的职前教师教育课程设置研究

以"卓越教师培养计划"的实施为背景,从顺应科学教育范式转变和促进化学教师专业发展2方面分析了化学教师教育的现状,提出了以培养"卓越化学教师"为目标的职前教师教育课程设置问题。着重论述了化学教师的化学科学素养、化学教育实践能力的培养。指出要从关注条块分割的知识体系培养转变为关注教育者的全面发展培养,并从化学学科知识体系、科学与技术哲学、化学教师教育实践等方面进行课程优化,促进职前卓越化学教师既懂化学科学,又懂化学教育,还懂化学教育研究。     

化学教学论课程实施中化学师范生教育教学能力的形成机理*

基于《中学教育专业师范生教师职业能力标准》提炼了师范生教育教学能力体系,体系涵盖了师德践行能力、实践教学能力、综合育人能力和专业发展能力等4项能力及对应的10方面能力要素。以化学教学论课程为例,分析了其章节内容与4项能力的对应关系,探讨了课程实施中化学师范生教育教学能力形成的机理和途径。化学师范生4项能力的形成机理各有特点,需要师范生和教师积极互动。     

提高化学师范学生实践与创新能力的实践探索

师范生教育实践和创新能力是教师培养的薄弱环节,为此,西北师范大学化学化工学院通过实施教师教育能力和科研创新能力提升计划等举措,着重加强对学生教学实践和创新能力的培养,主要采用实践环节教学与中学教学实际相结合、专业学习与科研创新有效结合等方法,有效提高了化学师范生的实践与创新能力。     

高分子材料与工程专业卓越工程师人才培养的探索与实践

"卓越工程师教育培养计划"对全面提高工程教育人才培养的质量具有重大意义。四川大学高分子科学与工程学院对高分子材料与工程专业卓越工程师人才培养进行了初步的探索与实践,制定了本专业培养目标和培养方案,并在校企合作协同育人方面采取了优化培养方案、加强企业导师和校内教师队伍建设、加强实习基地建设、完善管理制度等一系列措施,培养了一批具有扎实的专业基础、较强的工程实践能力和创新创业能力的卓越工程师人才。本研究对于高校卓越工程师人才的培养具有一定的借鉴意义和推广价值。     

教师资格证国家考试视野下高师本科化学专业课程体系构建

以教师资格证国家考试和专业认证实施为背景,在分析目前地方本科院校化学专业课程体系和学生应具备的知识、能力基础上,以培养既具有深厚的化学专业知识和渊博的化学教育知识,又具有化学教育教学实践能力的未来中学化学教师,并能保证大多数学生顺利通过国家教师资格证考试为目的,构建了化学专业知识、化学教育知识、化学教育实践能力培养及科学与技术有机结合的新课程体系。     

面向卓越教师培养的“本硕一体化”化学教育课程群构建

课程建设是人才培养的基础和抓手,本课程建设以培养卓越中学化学教师为目标,整体构建了"本硕一体化"化学教育类课程群,以期为国内高师化学教育课程改革提供借鉴。课程建设思路为:明晰卓越化学教师教学能力构成,科学确定课程群建设目标;合理组织课程群结构,构建"一体化、两层次、三维度"课程体系;采取多样化的措施与策略,有效促进课程群的建设。     

"PBL"模式下有机化学实验的教与学

结合化学实践教学特点,分析有机化学实验教学中存在的问题,讨论如何将"PBL"教学模式应用到"有机化学实验"教学中,形成"学生为主,教师为辅"的新型教学模式;同时探索思政教育融入有机化学实验课程的实践途径,提出在实践教学过程中,通过典型案例融入思政元素的具体方法,以"立德树人"为理念形成融会贯通、持续创新的新工科教育体系,加强学生的思想教育建设,系统推进大学组织模式、学科专业结构、人才培养机制和教师评价机制等方面的综合改革,构建一流卓越人才培养体系。     

师范专业认证背景下化学师范生的教育实践训练体系构建与实践

基于师范专业认证“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”的理念，根据化学师范生教育实践存在的问题，着眼于“一践行三学会”的毕业要求，构建了“四年相融、三习贯通、以赛促学”的化学师范生教育实践训练体系：大一“读与讲”、大二“观与写”、大三“练与思”、大四“做与研”,持续提升化学师范生的教育实践能力和师德修养。开展多主体多形式的教育实践教学评价，加强过程性评价和表现性评价，从师资培养、基地建设、协同育人、制度完善、监督管理等方面，确保化学师范生教育实践训练体系的顺利实施和实践效果。     

中学化学卓越教师教学论文内容分析及启示*

教学研究论文是反映中学化学卓越教师专业素质和能力的一项关键指标。针对119名中学化学卓越教师的1 196篇教学论文展开内容分析,研究结果在宏观上反映了中学化学卓越教师教学研究的现状及计量特征,在微观层面上呈现了中学化学卓越教师教学研究的核心内容领域,以期为一线中学化学教师开展教育科研提供重要参考与借鉴。     

培养好农村中青年化学骨干教师适应创新教育的需要

根据农村中学的实际,开展了培养中青年化学骨干教师的活动,提出了农村中学化学骨干教师的能力结构,探索了培养骨干教师的原则、途径和方法,通过理论与实践相结合,提高了他们的理论水平、教育、教学与科研能力。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.