N~1,N~2-Bis[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]ethanedihydrazide as a neutral ionophore for preparation of a new Ho~(3+) PVC-membrane sensor

N¹,N²-Bis[1-（2-hydroxyphenyl）methylidene]ethanedihydrazide（MEH） was used as new compound which plays the role of an excellent ion carrier in the fabrication of a Ho（Ⅲ） membrane electrode.The electrode shows a good selectivity for Ho（Ⅲ） ion with respect to most common cations including alkali,alkaline earth,transition and heavy metal ions.This electrode has a wide linear dynamic range from 1.0×10^-6 to 1.0×10^-2 mol/L with a Nernstian slope of 19.8±0.3 mV per decade and a low detection limit of 5.8×10^-7 mol/L in the pH range of 2.5-9.8,while the response time was rapid（<10 s）.The suggested sensor was applied to the determination of Ho（Ⅲ） ions in tap water and river water samples.     

Highly sensitive sensing of zinc(II) by development and characterization of a PVC-based fluorescent chemical sensor

A sensor membrane with excellent performance based on 1-methyl-1-phenyl-3-[1-hydroxyimino-2-(succinimido)ethyl]cyclobutane has been developed for the determination of zinc(II) ions. The sensing membrane is capable of determining zinc(II) with an outstanding high selectivity over a dynamic range between 8.0×10(-8) and 1.6×10(-4) mol L(-1) with a limit of detection of 2.5×10(-8) mol L(-1) (1.6 μg L(-1)). It can be easily and completely regenerated by using 0.1 mol L(-1) EDTA solution. The optical sensor developed here was found to be stable, cost effective, easy to prepare, and has unique selectivity towards Zn(2+) ion with respect to common metal ions. The proposed sensor was then applied for the determination of zinc in tap water and hair samples with satisfactory results.     

Determination of copper(II) in the dairy product by an electrochemical sensor based on click chemistry

Herein, a novel sensitive electrochemical sensor for copper(II) based on Cu(I) catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) is described. The catalyst of Cu(I) species is derived from electrochemical reduction of Cu(II) through bulk electrolysis (BE) with coulometry technique. The propargyl-functionalized ferrocene (propargyl-functionalized Fc) is covalently coupled onto the electrode surface via CuAAC reaction and forms propargyl-functionalized Fc modified gold electrode, which allows a good and stable electrochemical signal. The change of current at peak (dI), detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), exhibits a linear response to the logarithm of Cu(II) concentration in the range of 1.0×10(-14)-1.0×10(-9) mol L(-1). It is also found that the proposed sensor has a good selectivity for copper(II) assay even in the presence of other common metal ions. Additionally, the proposed method has been applied to determine copper(II) in the dairy product (yoghurt) with satisfactory results.     

Copper(II)-selective membrane electrodes based on some recently synthesized mixed aza-thioether crowns containing a 1,10-phenanthroline sub-unit

Three different mixed aza-thioether crowns containing a 1,10-phenanthroline sub-unit were investigated to characterize their abilities as copper(II) ion carriers in PVC-membrane electrodes. The electrode based on L1 exhibited a Nernstian response for Cu²⁺ ions over a wide concentration range (2×10⁻¹ to 1×10⁻⁵ M) with a limit of detection of 8.0×10⁻⁶ M (0.5 p.p.m.). The response time of sensor is 15 s, and the membrane can be used for more than 3 months without observing any deviation. The electrode revealed comparatively good selectivities with respect to many alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions, and could be used in a pH range of 2.5–5.5. It was applied to the direct determination and potentiometric titration of the copper(II) ion.     

茜素修饰碳糊电极吸附伏安法测定痕量铜

报道了采用茜素修饰碳糊电极测定痕量铜的阳极溶出伏安法。在浓度为0 .1 mol/L 的 HAc- Na Ac缓冲溶液 (p H4.5)中 ,于 +0 .1 0 V处富集 ,- 0 .30 V还原后再进行阳极化扫描 ,于 - 0 .0 5V处获得一灵敏的铜的溶出峰 ,二次导数峰电流与铜浓度在 1 .6× 1 0 -9mol/L～ 4.7× 1 0 -7mol/L范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限达 8.0× 1 0 -10 mol/L。同时 ,对电极反应机理进行了讨论。方法应用于锌合金中铜的测定。     

Coated-wire copper(II)-selective electrode based on phenylglyoxal-α-monoxime ionophore

A copper(II) ion-selective electrode based on a recently synthesized 2-quinolyl-2-phenylglyoxal-2-oxime (phenylglyoxal-alpha-monoxime) has been developed. The PVC-based membrane containing phenylglyoxal-alpha-monoxime, dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer, and sodium tetraphenylborate as anion excluder and membrane modifier, was directly coated on the surface of a platinum-wire electrode. The response of the electrode was linear with a near-Nernstian slope of 28.2 mV decade(-1) within the Cu2+ ion concentration range 1x10(-6)-1x10(-1) mol x L(-1). The response time for the proposed electrode to achieve a 95% steady potential for Cu2+ concentrations ranging from 1x10(-1) to 1x10(-6) mol x L(-1) is between 10 and 50 s, and the electrode is suitable for use within the pH range of 3 to 6.5. The electrode has a detection limit of 5x10(-7) mol x L(-1) Cu2+ and its selectivity relative to several alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions was good. The coated-wire electrode could be used for at least two months without a considerable alteration of its potential. Applications of the electrode for determination of copper in milk powder samples and as an indicator electrode for potentiometric titration of Cu2+ ion using EDTA are reported.     

Comparative electrochemical study of new self-assembled monolayers of 2-{[(Z)-1-(3-furyl)methylidene]amino}-1-benzenethiol and 2-{[(2-sulfanylphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol for determination of dopamine in the presence of high concentration of ascorbic acid and uric acid

The comparative electrochemical behavior of self-assembled monolayers of two Schiff's bases, 2-{[(Z)-1-(3-furyl)methylidene]amino}-1-benzenethiol (FMAB) and 2-{[(2-sulfanylphenyl)imino]methyl}phenol (SIMP) on a bare gold electrode (Au FMAB SAM-modified electrode and Au SIMP SAM-modified electrode, respectively), was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a 0.1 mol L(-1) KCl solution that contains 5.0 × 10(-3) mol L(-1) [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-). The results revealed that the modified electrodes showed an electrocatalytic activity toward the anodic oxidation of dopamine by a marked enhancement in the current response and lower overpotential (60 and 90 mV for the Au FMAB and Au SIMP SAM-modified electrodes, respectively) in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.0. The Au SIMP SAM-modified electrode was applied successfully to the determination of dopamine in the presence of a high concentration of ascorbic acid. Selective detection was realized in total elimination of ascorbic acid response-a method different from the ones based on the potential separations. The detection limit of dopamine was 5.0 × 10(-8) mol L(-1) in a linear range from 1.0 × 10(-6) to 1.2 × 10(-4) mol L(-1) in the presence of 1.0 × 10(-3) mol L(-1) ascorbic acid. The interference studies also showed that the Au SIMP SAM-modified electrode exhibited good selectivity in the presence of a large excess of uric acid and could be employed for the determination of dopamine in pharmaceutical formulations, plasma samples and human urine with adequate selectivity and precision.     

TpPa-1/Nafion修饰电极的差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法同时测定铜离子和汞离子

通过机械化学合成法合成了一种共价有机框架材料TpPa-1,以此作为电极材料制备化学修饰电极,研究了修饰电极的差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法(DPASV)同时测定铜离子和汞离子。结果表明,TpPa-1/Nafion修饰电极在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中可实现对Cu^2+和Hg^2+的同时检测。Cu^2+的检出限为5.0×10^-8 mol/L线性范围为1.0×10^-7~5.0×10^-5 mol/L,R^2=0.9975。Hg^2+的检出限为1.0×10^-8 mol/L,线性范围为2.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4 mol/L,R^2=0.9988。采用上述方法对实际样品进行检测,回收率为97.6%~105.5%,RSD均小于4.0%。     

纳米金/3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷修饰传感器电化学检测NO-2

将3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷（ATS）修饰在玻碳电极表面,再自组装一层纳米金,制备了一种新型NO2^-的电化学传感器。该修饰电极对NO2^-有较好的催化作用。在pH为3时,NO2^-的氧化峰电流与其浓度在5．0&#215;10^-7～1．0&#215;10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限可达2．0&#215;10^-7mol／L。方法具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性。     

Copper(II)-selective electrode using 2,2'-dithiodianiline as neutral carrier

Poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrode, that is highly selective and sensitive to Cu(II) ions, was developed by using 2,2'-dithiodianiline and dibutyl phthalate as carrier and plasticizer, respectively. The electrode exhibits good potentiometric response for Cu(II) over a wide concentration range (5.0x10(-2)-7.0x10(-7) mol l(-1)) with Nernstian slope of 30+/-1 mV per decade. The response time of the electrode is 10 s and it has been used for a period of one month and exhibits good selectivity towards Cu(2+) in comparison to alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions, with no interference caused by Pb(2+), Cd(2+) and Fe(+2) which are known to interfere with many other copper electrodes.     

A novel voltammetric method for the direct determination of copper in complex environmental samples.

A novel voltammetry with a modified gold electrode for the direct determination of copper in environmental samples, without any pretreatment, is proposed in this paper. A porous disorganized monolayer was formed on the surface of the gold electrode by the self-assembly of mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), which could selectively permeate small molecules. Subtractive square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SASV) was applied to determine copper, in which the underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper was used as the deposition step. The linear range was from 8 x 10(-7) to 1 x l0(-5) mol l(-1) by the modified electrode in the presence of human serum albumin, and the determination was not interfered with common metal ions. Copper in a real environmental sample was successfully detected.     

新型安培检测毛细管电泳微系统

将电极、６ｃｍ分离毛细管、缓冲池、检测池集成于８．４×５．０ｃｍ有机玻璃片上,制作了一个毛细管电泳微系统。以碳纤维微盘电极作为工作电极,采用三电极体系柱端检测了１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ多巴胺（ＤＡ）,具有良好的重现性,检测限３．６×１０－８ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,线性范围５×１０－７～１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,并在该系统上分离了邻苯二酚（ＣＡ）和多巴胺的混合物。     

基于Schiff-base结构化合物载体的汞离子选择性电极的制备与表征

高产率合成了一种新的Schiff-base结构化合物,并将其表征为高选择性聚合物膜汞离子选择性电极载体.考察了不同增塑剂及离子交换剂对膜电极响应性能的影响,在最佳膜组分条件下测得该电极对汞离子的线性响应范围为1.0×10-6 ～3.0×10-4 mol/L,响应斜率为(29.3±0.3) mV/dec,检出限为2.6×...     

Copper(II) modified carbon paste electrodes based on self-assembled mercapto compounds-gold-nanoparticle

Three mercapto compounds [2-mercapto-5-(1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole] (MMNIT), [2-mercapto-5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole] (MNFT) and [2-mercapto-5-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-1,3,4-thidiazole] (MNTT) were used for self-assembled-gold nanoparticle (SAGNP) modified carbon paste electrodes. The electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for potentiometric determination of Cu(II) ion. The prepared electrodes exhibit a Nernstian slope of 31.0+/-0.5 mV per decade for Cu(II) ion over a wide concentration range of 7.9x10(-9)-3.2x10(-2), 7.9x10(-9)-7.9x10(-4), and 2.8x10(-8)-7.9x10(-3) mol L(-1) for MMNIT, MNFT and, MNTT, respectively. The detection limits of electrodes were 3.5 (+/-0.2)x10(-9), 4.1x10(-9), and 4.1x10(-8) mol L(-1) of copper ion, respectively. The potentiometric responses of electrodes based on MMNIT, MNFT, and MNTT are independent of the pH of test solution in the pH range 2.0-5.5, 2.5-7.0, and 2.0-6.5, respectively. They have quick response with response time of about 5 s. The proposed electrodes show fairly good selectivity over some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. Finally, the proposed electrodes were successfully employed to detect Cu(II) ion in hair and water samples.     

石墨烯基纳米复合物修饰印刷电极伏安法测定水中镉

构建了基于石墨烯(GS) -纳米金(Au)复合纳米微粒修饰印刷电极(SPCEs)的电化学传感器(SPCEs |GS/Au),建立了微分脉冲溶出伏安(DPSV)法测定水中痕量镉的电分析方法.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对电极表面进行了表征,DPSV法研究了镉的电化学性质.在优化实验条件下,溶出峰电流与Cd2+的质量浓度在2.5...     

A bismuth(III) PVC membrane ion selective electrode based on 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol

The construction, performance characteristics and application of a new bismuth(III) PVC membrane electrode based on 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol are reported in this paper. The designed sensor exhibited a Nernstian response for Bi³⁺ ion ranging from 5.0×10^-7 mol/L to 1.0×10^-2 mol/L with a slope of 19.8 mV/decade. The operational pH range of the sensor is 3.0-6.0. The electrode shows a response time of 6 s and can be used for at least five weeks without any considerable divergence in potentials. It exhibits very good selectivity relative to a wide variety of alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The proposed electrode could be used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Bi³⁺ ions with EDTA and in the determination of Bi³⁺ content in stomach medicine.     

Comparative studies of mercapto thiadiazoles self-assembled on gold nanoparticle as ionophores for Cu(II) carbon paste sensors

Comparative studies of the potentiometric behavior of three mercapto compounds [2-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol] (MTMP), [5-(2-methoxy benzylidene amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol] (MBYT) and [5-(pyridin-2-ylmethyleneamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol] (PYTT) self-assembled on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as ionophores in carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) have been made. These mercapto thiadiazole compounds were self-assembled onto gold nanoparticles and then incorporated within carbon paste electrode. The self-assembled ionophores exhibit a high selectivity for copper ion (Cu²⁺), in which the sulfur and nitrogen atoms in their structure play a role as the effective coordination donor site for the copper ion. These carbon paste electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for potentiometric determination of copper ions. The sensor based on PYTT exhibits the working concentration range of 4.0 × 10⁻⁹ to 7.0 × 10⁻² M and a Nernstian slope of 28.7 ± 0.3 mV decade⁻¹ of copper activity. The detection limit of electrode was 1.0 × 10⁻⁹ M and potential response was pH independent across the range of 3.0-6.5. It exhibited a quick response time of <5 s and could be used for a period of 45 days. The ion selectivity of this electrode for Cu²⁺ was over 10⁴ times that for other metal cations. The application of prepared sensors has been demonstrated for the determination of copper ions in spiked water and natural water samples.     

纳米金双巯基修饰金电极差分脉冲伏安法测定多巴胺和抗坏血酸

在裸金电极上自组装4,4-二甲基联苯硫醇(MTP)膜(MTP/AuSAMs),再电还原氯金酸溶液修饰纳米金,得纳米金双巯基修饰金电极(NG/MTP/Au).研究了多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)在NG/MTP/Au上的电化学行为,发现该修饰电极对DA、AA的氧化具有良好的电催化作用,多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)的氧化峰电位差达到155mV,可以实现对此二组分混合溶液的选择性测定.差分脉冲法测得的峰电流与DA、AA浓度分别在5.0×10-7～1×10-4mol.L-1和3.5×10-6～1.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检测限(3σ)分别为1.5×10-7mol.L-1和1.2×10-6mol.L-1,相关系数0.998.     

Novel PVC-based copper(II) membrane sensor based on 2-(1'-(4'-(1'-hydroxy-2'-naphthyl)methyleneamino)butyl iminomethyl)-1-naphthol.

A copper(II) ion-selective PVC membrane sensor based on 2-(1'-(4'-(1'-hydroxy-2'-naphthyl)methyleneamino)butyl iminomethyl)-1-naphthol (BHNB) as a novel Schiff base containing a sensing material has been successfully developed. The sensor exhibits a good linear response of 29 mV per decade within the concentration range of 10(-1)-10(-6) M of Cu2+. The sensor shows good selectivity for copper(II) ion in comparison with alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The BHNB-based sensor is suitable for use with aqueous solutions of pH 3.5-7.0 and displays minimal interference by Sr(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II), which are known to interfere with other previously suggested electrodes. The proposed membrane electrode was used as a sensor for determining the Cu(II) content in black tea samples. It was also applied as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+ ions with EDTA.     

基于单(6-巯基-6-去氧)-β-环糊精修饰金电极对L-半胱氨酸的快速灵敏检测

将单(6-巯基-6-去氧)-β-环糊精(HS-β-CD)通过金硫键自组装在金电极(GE)表面, 构建了一种简单、 快速、 灵敏的超分子识别L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)的电位型电化学传感器. 通过循环伏安法和交流阻抗法研究了膜表面的电化学行为; 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了电极表面的膜组装效果, 其作用机制是固定在金电极表面的HS-β-CD空穴可通过分子间作用力吸附结合带负电的L-Cys, 使电极表面的膜电位发生改变, 导致对L-Cys的超分子选择性识别作用, 从而实现对L-Cys的定量分析. 在优化的实验条件下, 该电极在pH=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中对L-Cys有良好的电位响应性能, 线性范围为1.0×10 ^-7~1.0×10 ^-4 mol/L, 斜率为(-65.29±1.0) mV/pc(25 ℃), 检测下限达到6.0×10 ^-8 mol/L; 电极响应速度快、 稳定性和重现性好、 抗干扰能力强. 将该电极用于实际猪血清和猪尿液样品中L-Cys含量的测定, 回收率为95.0%~104.7%, 表明该新型电极在生命科学等领域具有良好的应用前景.