Topologically unique maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces

We determine all finite maximal elementary abelian group actions on compact oriented surfaces of genus σ≥2 which are unique up to topological equivalence. For certain special classes of such actions, we determine group extensions which also define unique actions. In addition, we explore in detail one of the families of such surfaces considered as compact Riemann surfaces and tackle the classical problem of constructing defining equations.     

Embedding compact surfaces into the 3-dimensional Euclidean space with maximum symmetry

The symmetries of surfaces which can be embedded into the symmetries of the 3-dimensional Euclidean space R~3 are easier to feel by human's intuition. We give the maximum order of finite group actions on(R~3, Σ) among all possible embedded closed/bordered surfaces with given geometric/algebraic genus greater than 1 in R~3. We also identify the topological types of the bordered surfaces realizing the maximum order, and find simple representative embeddings for such surfaces.     

Free actions on handlebodies

The equivalence (or weak equivalence) classes of orientation-preserving free actions of a finite group G on an orientable three-dimensional handlebody of genus g?1 can be enumerated in terms of sets of generators of G. They correspond to the equivalence classes of generating n-vectors of elements of G, where n=1+(g−1)/|G|, under Nielsen equivalence (or weak Nielsen equivalence). For Abelian and dihedral G, this allows a complete determination of the equivalence and weak equivalence classes of actions for all genera. Additional information is obtained for other classes of groups. For all G, there is only one equivalence class of actions on the genus g handlebody if g is at least 1+?(G)|G|, where ?(G) is the maximal length of a chain of subgroups of G. There is a stabilization process that sends an equivalence class of actions to an equivalence class of actions on a higher genus, and some results about its effects are obtained.     

Automorphism groups of compact planar Klein surfaces

By a compact Klein surface X, we shall mean a compact surface together with a dianalytic structure on X [1]. A dianalytic homeomorphism of X onto itself will be called an automorphism of X, and we call the automorphism group of X, the full group of automorphisms of X.In this paper we calculate all groups that are the automorphism group of a compact planar Klein surface of algebraic genus p2. As a consequence of the equivalence between compact bordered Klein surfaces and real algebraic curves, we calculate all groups that are the automorphism group of an M-real algebraic curve. Some results on automorphism groups of Riemann surfaces of M-curves were obtained by Natanzon in [14].Partially supported by CAICYT (2280/83)     

On q-n-gonal Klein Surfaces

We consider proper Klein surfaces X of algebraic genus p ≥ 2, having an automorphism φ of prime order n with quotient space X/（φ） of algebraic genus q. These Klein surfaces axe called q-n-gonal surfaces and they are n-sheeted covers of surfaces of algebraic genus q. In this paper we extend the results of the already studied cases n ≤ 3 to this more general situation. Given p ≥ 2, we obtain, for each prime n, the （admissible） values q for which there exists a q-n-gonal surface of algebraic genus p. Furthermore, for each p and for each admissible q, it is possible to check all topological types of q-n-gonal surfaces with algebraic genus p. Several examples are given： q-pentagonal surfaces and q-n-gonal bordered surfaces with topological genus g = 0, 1.     

Generating pairs and group actions

An action of a finite group on a closed 2-manifold is called almost free if it has a single orbit of points with nontrivial stabilizers. It is called large when the order of the group is greater than or equal to the genus of the surface. We prove that the orientation-preserving large almost free actions of G on closed orientable surfaces correspond to the Nielsen equivalence classes of generating pairs of G  . We classify the almost free actions on the surfaces of genera 3 and 4, find the large almost free actions of the alternating group _A5$A_5$, and give various other examples.     

Hyperelliptic Surfaces and their Moduli

The hyperelliptic portion of the moduli space of compact Riemann surfaces of genus g2 is decomposed into a lattice of nondisjoint subvarieties corresponding precisely with the lattice of maximal g-hyperelliptic group actions (classified up to topological equivalence). The resulting stratification of the hyperelliptic moduli space exhibits regularities which depend on the parity of g and can be detected at the level of groups of order 8.     

Classifying foliations of 3-manifolds via branched surfaces

We use branched surfaces to define an equivalence relation on C¹ codimension one foliations of any closed orientable 3-manifold that are transverse to some fixed nonsingular flow. There is a discrete metric on the set of equivalence classes with the property that foliations that are sufficiently close (up to equivalence) share important topological properties.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">pq</Emphasis>-hyperelliptic Klein surfaces

In this paper we study compact Klein surfaces of algebraic genus d > 1 admitting p- and q-hyperelliptic involutions by which we mean involutions with the orbit spaces having algebraic genera p and q. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for p, q and d to exist such surfaces. It turns out that these conditions are also sufficient for the existence of such surfaces with commuting involutions what allow us to study this class also. We study the spectrum of hyperellipticity degrees of the product of these involutions and topological type of these surfaces. G. Gromadzki was supported by the grant SAB 2005-0049 of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Sciences. E. Tyszkowska was supported by BW 5100-5-0198-6.     

有限群在曲面上的自由作用

本文借助于计算机编程给出了有限群在可定向闭曲面T~(nr 1)上反向自由作用个数的上界,同时决定了反向自由作用于小亏格闭曲面T~(nr 1)上的有限群以及p-1为素数时反向自由作用于闭曲面T_p上的有限群。     

Orientation-reversing free actions on handlebodies

We examine free orientation-reversing group actions on orientable handlebodies, and free actions on nonorientable handlebodies. A classification theorem is obtained, giving the equivalence classes and weak equivalence classes of free actions in terms of algebraic invariants that involve Nielsen equivalence. This is applied to describe the sets of free actions in various cases, including a complete classification for many (and conjecturally all) cases above the minimum genus. For abelian groups, the free actions are classified for all genera.     

Uniqueness of orientation-preserving free actions of finite abelian groups on surfaces

Let G be a finite abelian group. We list all the cases where the topological equivalence class of orientation-preserving free G-actions on a closed surface is unique. Moreover, we obtain the classification of topological equivalence classes of orientation-preserving free actions of finite abelian groups of rank 2.     

Automorphism groups of compact bordered Klein surfaces with invariant subsets

In this work we get upper bounds for the order of a group of automorphisms of a compact bordered Klein surface S of algebraic genus greater than 1. These bounds depend on the algebraic genus of S and on the cardinals of finite subsets of S which are invariant under the action of the group. We use our results to obtain upper bounds for the order of a group of automorphism whose action on the set of connected components of the boundary of S is not transitive. The bounds obtained this way depend only on the algebraic genus of S. The author is partially supported by the European Network RAAG HPRN-CT-2001-00271 and the Spanish GAAR DGICYT BFM2002-04797.     

Orientation-reversing actions on lens spaces and Gaussian integers

A finite group action on a lens space L(p,q) has ‘type OR’ if it reverses orientation and has an invariant Heegaard torus whose sides are interchanged by the orientation-reversing elements. In this paper we enumerate the actions of type OR up to equivalence. This leads to a complete classification of geometric finite group actions on amphicheiral lens spaces L(p,q) with p>2. The family of actions of type OR is partially ordered by lifting actions via covering maps. We show that each connected component of this poset may be described in terms of a subset of the lattice of Gaussian integers ordered by divisibility. This results in a correspondence equating equivalence classes of actions of type OR with pairs of Gaussian integers.     

Orbit Equivalence and Topological Conjugacy of Affine Actionson Compact Abelian Groups

 We study topological rigidity of affine actions on compact connected metrizable abelian groups. We also classify one parameter flows of translations up to orbit equivalence and discrete group actions by translations up to topological conjugacy. (Received 21 December 1998; in revised form 2 June 1999)     

Weakly Linearly Compact Topological Abelian Groups

In this paper, we study linearly topological groups. We introduce the notion of a weakly linearly compact group, which generalizes the notion of a weakly separable group, and examine the main properties of such groups. For weakly linearly compact groups, we construct the character theory and present an algebraic characterization of some classes of such groups. Some well-known theorems for periodic Abelian groups are generalized for the case of linearly discrete, topological Abelian groups; for linearly compact and linearly discrete topological Abelian groups, we also construct the character theory and study some important properties of linearly discrete groups. For linearly discrete, topological Abelian groups, we analyze the splittability condition (Theorem 3.12) and present the characteristic condition of decomposability of a discrete group G into the direct sum of rank-1 groups. We also present an algebraic characterization of linearly compact groups. We introduce the notion of a weakly linearly compact, topological Abelian group, which generalizes the notion of a weakly separable Abelian group, and examine some properties of such groups. These groups are a generalization of fibrous Abelian groups introduced by Vilenkin. We give an algebraic characterization of divisible, weakly locally compact Abelian groups that do not contain nonzero elements of finite order (Proposition 7.9). For weakly locally compact Abelian groups, we construct universal groups.     

Bordered surfaces in the 3-sphere with maximum symmetry

We consider orientation-preserving actions of finite groups G on pairs $(S^3,\mathrm{\Sigma })$, where Σ denotes a compact connected surface embedded in $S^3$. In a previous paper, we considered the case of closed, necessarily orientable surfaces, determined for each genus $g>1$ the maximum order of such a G for all embeddings of a surface of genus g, and classified the corresponding embeddings.In the present paper we obtain analogous results for the case of bordered surfaces Σ (i.e. with non-empty boundary, orientable or not). Now the genus g gets replaced by the algebraic genus α of Σ (the rank of its free fundamental group); for each $\alpha >1$ we determine the maximum order $m_{\alpha }$ of an action of G, classify the topological types of the corresponding surfaces (topological genus, number of boundary components, orientability) and their embeddings into $S^3$. For example, the maximal possibility $12(\alpha ?1)$ is obtained for the finitely many values $\alpha =2,3,4,5,9,11,25,97,121$ and 241.     

Algorithms for finding proper essential surfaces in 3-manifolds

In this paper, we present an algorithm which, for a given compact orientable irreducible boundary irreducible 3-manifold M, verifies whether M contains an essential orientable surface (possibly, with boundary), whose genus is at most N. The algorithm is based on Haken’s theory of normal surfaces, and on a trick suggested by Jaco and consisting in estimating the mean length of boundary curves in an unknown essential surface of a given genus in the given manifold.     

The Semi-Arc Automorphism Group of a Graph with Application to Map Enumeration

A map is a connected topological graph cellularly embedded in a surface. For a given graph Γ, its genus distribution of rooted maps and embeddings on orientable and non-orientable surfaces are separately investigated by many researchers. By introducing the concept of a semi-arc automorphism group of a graph and classifying all its embeddings under the action of its semi-arc automorphism group, we find the relations between its genus distribution of rooted maps and genus distribution of embeddings on orientable and non-orientable surfaces, and give some new formulas for the number of rooted maps on a given orientable surface with underlying graph a bouquet of cycles B_n, a closed-end ladder L_n or a Ringel ladder R_n. A general scheme for enumerating unrooted maps on surfaces(orientable or non-orientable) with a given underlying graph is established. Using this scheme, we obtained the closed formulas for the numbers of non-isomorphic maps on orientable or non-orientable surfaces with an underlying bouquet B_n in this paper.     

The topology of surface mediatrices

Given a pair of distinct points p and q in a metric space with distance d, the mediatrix is the set of points x such that d(x,p)=d(x,q). In this paper, we examine the topological structure of mediatrices in connected, compact, closed 2-manifolds whose distance function is inherited from a Riemannian metric. We determine that such mediatrices are, up to homeomorphism, finite, closed simplicial 1-complexes with an even number of incipient edges emanating from each vertex. Using this and results from [J.J.P. Veerman, J. Bernhard, Minimally separating sets, mediatrices and Brillouin spaces, Topology Appl., in press], we give the classification up to homeomorphism of mediatrices on genus 1 tori (and on projective planes) and outline a method which may possibly be used to classify mediatrices on higher-genus surfaces.