Interior Weyl-type Solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell Field Equations

Static solutions of the electro-gravitationalfield equations exhibiting a functional relationshipbetween the electric and gravitational potentials arestudied. General results for these metrics are presented which extend previous work of Majumdar. Inparticular it is shown that for any solution of thefield equations exhibiting such a Weyl-typerelationship, there exists a relationship between thematter density, the electric field density and the chargedensity. It is also found that the Majumdar conditioncan hold for a bounded perfect fluid only if the matterpressure vanishes (that is, charged dust). Byrestricting to spherically symmetric distributions ofcharged matter a number of exact solutions are presentedin closed form which generalise the Schwarzschildinterior solution. Some of these solutions exhibitfunctional relations between the electric andgravitational potentials different to the quadratic oneof Weyl. All the non-dust solutions are well-behavedand, by matching them to the Reissner-Nordstromsolution, all of the constants of integration areidentified in terms of the total mass, total charge andradius of the source. This is done in detail for anumber of specific examples. These are also shown tosatisfy the weak and strong energy conditions and manyother regularity and energy conditions that may berequired of any physically reasonable matterdistribution.     

Rough Solutions of Einstein Vacuum Equations in CMCSH Gauge

In this paper, we consider very rough solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Einstein vacuum equations in CMC spatial harmonic gauge, and obtain the local well-posedness result in H ^s , s > 2. The novelty of our approach lies in that, without resorting to the standard paradifferential regularization over the rough, Einstein metric g, we manage to implement the commuting vector field approach to prove Strichartz estimate for geometric wave equation ${\square_{\bf g} \phi=0}$ directly.     

Gauge Formulation for Two Potential Theory of Dyons

Dual electrodynamics and corresponding Maxwell’s equations (in the presence of monopole only) are revisited from the symmetry of duality and gauge invariance. Accordingly, the manifestly covariant, dual symmetric and gauge invariant two potential theory of generalized electromagnetic fields of dyons has been developed consistently from U(1)×U(1) gauge symmetry. Corresponding field equations and equation of motion are derived from Lagrangian formulation adopted for U(1)×U(1) gauge symmetry for the justification of two four potentials of dyons.     

A Canonical Null Gauge for the Einstein Equations

Associated with any choice of outgoing null (characteristic) coordinate, we construct a null tetrad which is determined uniquely by purely local information. Unlike other well-known characteristic gauge conditions [1–4], this canonical tetrad is determined at any point solely by the metric and its first derivatives at that point. The tetrad leads to a radial coordinate which is also uniquely determined by purely local information. These properties greatly simplify the structure of the hypersurface Einstein equations and may be used to directly compare metrics with compatible null foliations.     

Gauge Invariance of Sedeonic Equations for Massive and Massless Fields

In the present paper we discuss the gauge invariance of generalized second-order and first-order wave equations for massive and massless fields based on sedeonic space-time operators and sedeonic wave functions.     

Letter: Generation of Solutions of the Einstein Equations by Means of the Kaluza–Klein Formulation

It is shown that starting from a solution of the Einstein–Maxwell equations coupled to a scalar field given by the Kaluza–Klein theory, invariant under a one-parameter group, one can obtain a one-parameter family of solutions of the same equations.     

Formulation of Hamiltonian Equations for Fractional Variational Problems

An extension of Riewes fractional Hamiltonian formulation is presented for fractional constrained systems. The conditions of consistency of the set of constraints with equations of motion are investigated. Three examples of fractional constrained systems are analyzed in details.On leave of absence from Institute of Space Sciences, P.O.BOX MG-23, R 76900, Magurele–Bucharest, Romania     

Instantaneous Formulation for Transitions Between Two Instantaneous Bound States and Its Gauge Invariance

We have precisely derived a ＂rigorous instantaneous formulation＂ for transitions between two bound states when the bound states are well-described by instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter （BS） equation （i.e. the kernel of the equation is instantaneous ＂occasionally＂）. The obtained rigorous instantaneous formulation, in fact, is expressed as an operator sandwiched by two ＂reduced BS wave functions＂ properly, while the reduced BS wave functions appearing in the formulation are the rigorous solutions of the instantaneous BS equation, and they may relate to Schroedinger wave functions straightforwardly. We also show that the rigorous instantaneous formulation is gauge-invariant with respect to the Uem（1） transformation precisely, if the concerned transitions are radiative. Some applications of the formulation are outlined.     

Instantaneous Formulation for Transitions Between Two Instantaneous Bound States and Its Gauge Invariance

We have precisely derived a “rigorous instantaneous formulation“ for transitions between two bound states when the bound states are well-described by instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter (BS) equation (i.e. the kernel of the equation is instantaneous“occasionally“). The obtained rigorous instantaneous formulation, in fact, is expressed as an operator sandwiched by two “reduced BS wave functions“ properly, while the reduced BS wave functions appearing in the formulation are the rigorous solutions of the instantaneous BS equation, and they may relate to Schr(o)dinger wave functions straightforwardly. We also show that the rigorous instantaneous formulation is gauge-invariant with respect to the Uem(1) transformation precisely, if the concerned transitions are radiative. Some applications of the formulation are outlined.     

Symmetries and Group-Invariant Solutions for Transonic Pressure-Gradient Equations

Lie symmetry group method is applied to study the transonic pressure-gradient equations in two-dimensional space. Its symmetry groups and corresponding optimal systems are determined, and several classes of irrotational group-invariant solutions associated to the symmetries are obtained and special case of one-dimensional rarefaction wave is found.     

Different-Periodic Travelling Wave Solutions for Nonlinear Equations

Using Jacobi elliptic function linear superposition approach for the (1+1)-dimensional Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera (CDGSK) equation and the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (NNV) equation, many new periodic travelling wave solutions with different periods and velocities are obtained based on the known periodic solutions. This procedure is crucially dependent on a sequence of cyclic identities involving Jacobi elliptic functions sn(ξ,m), cn(ξ,m), and dn(ξ,m).     

Bosonized Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera Equations: Symmetries and Exact Solutions

The Bosonized Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera(BSSK) system is constructed by applying bosonization method to a Supersymmetric Sawada–Kotera system in this paper. The symmetries on the BSSK equations are researched and the calculation shows that the BSSK equations are invariant under the scaling transformations, the space-time translations and Galilean boosts. The one-parameter invariant subgroups and the corresponding invariant solutions are researched for the BSSK equations. Four types of reduction equations and similarity solutions are proposed. Period Cnoidal wave solutions, dark solitary wave solutions and bright solitary wave solutions of the BSSK equations are demonstrated and some evolution curves of the exact solutions are figured out.     

Quantized Lax Equations and Their Solutions

The O(3) sigma model and abelian Higgs model in two space dimensions admit topological (Bogomol'nyi) lower bounds on their energy. This paper proposes lattice versions of these systems which maintain the Bogomol'nyi bounds. One consequence is that instantons/solitons/vortices on the lattice then have a high degree of stability. Received: 29 February 1996 / Accepted: 5 August 1996     

Blowup of Smooth Solutions for Relativistic Euler Equations

We study the singularity formation of smooth solutions of the relativistic Euler equations in (3 + 1)-dimensional spacetime for both finite initial energy and infinite initial energy. For the finite initial energy case, we prove that any smooth solution, with compactly supported non-trivial initial data, blows up in finite time. For the case of infinite initial energy, we first prove the existence, uniqueness and stability of a smooth solution if the initial data is in the subluminal region away from the vacuum. By further assuming the initial data is a smooth compactly supported perturbation around a non-vacuum constant background, we prove the property of finite propagation speed of such a perturbation. The smooth solution is shown to blow up in finite time provided that the radial component of the initial ``generalized' momentum is sufficiently large.     

Periodic Solutions for Two Coupled Nonlinear-Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, by applying the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, the periodic solutions for two coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are obtained.     

Rogue Wave Solutions for the Heisenberg Ferromagnet Equations

Darboux transformation of the Heisenberg ferromagnet equation is constructed by the Darboux matrix method. In application, the rogue wave solutions of the Heisenberg ferromagnet equation are obtained. In particular, rogue waves are discussed and illustrated.     

自相似Euler方程的数值方法

Euler方程某些问题的解具有自相似特点，可以使用更准确的方法求解.提出了两种数值方法，分别称为自相似和准自相似方法，新方法可以使用现有守恒律方程的数值格式，无须设计特殊方法.对一维激波管问题、二维Riemann问题、激波反射以及激波折射问题进行了数值计算.对自相似Euler方程，一维计算结果显示数值解基本等同于精确解，二维结果也比现有文献计算的结果有更高的分辨率.对准自相似Euler方程，新方法可以求解不具有自相似性但接近自相似的问题，并在计算时间足够长时可以取得自相似Euler方程的效果.数值求解自相似Euler方程对自相似问题的研究，高分辨率、高精度格式的设计乃至Euler方程的精确解都有重要启示.