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1.
We study the radioelectric emissions of Jupiter in the frequency range 1–40 MHz with the decametric observatory of Nançay and the Wind spacecraft. A wake in front of Io explains the ΦIo/CML chart. An appropriate coordinate system shows that the Ioontrolled emissions occur mainly when Io is located in the northern magnetic hemisphere of Jupiter.  相似文献   

2.
The author establishes a general equation for the polarisation curve of an oxidation-reduction system taking into account the kinetics of reactions and concentration polarisation, and shows how it can be applied to the interpretation of titration curves obtained by the dead-stop end-point method of Foulk and Bawden and by the derivative method of Reilley, Cooke and Furman.  相似文献   

3.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(16):1311-1325
Abstract

Electrochemical caracteristics of 2-mercaptopyridine-5-carboxylic acid and its methylic ester have been determined using recent polarographic techniques. Measurements have been carried out as a function of parameters such as frequency, others surimposed signals and as a function of concentration and pH. Results are compared to those obtained for selectively methylated on sulfur or nitrogen atoms derivatives. Interpretations of the data are given. The optimal conditions for a quantitative determination by D.C. and differential pulse polarography are fixed.  相似文献   

4.
《European Polymer Journal》1985,21(6):591-596
The thickening process for unsaturated polyester resin in styrene monomer and with magnesium oxide (MgO) has been evaluated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The GPC analysis n tetrahydrofuran (THF) shows that with time the distribution shifts towards higher molecular weight. This effect disappears when the products are analysed in a polar solvent. The process of thickening is attributed to the formation of reversible ionic association. The existence of strong ionic bonds in the final products is confirmed by the presence of a rubber-like plateau in dynamic mechanical properties. The effects of water and magnesium oxide concentrations are given.  相似文献   

5.
《European Polymer Journal》1985,21(10):853-858
The radical grafting, in water suspension, of a polar monomer (acrylic acid) onto a non-polar polymer (low density polyethylene) was studied in the presence of t-butyl peroctoate. A preliminary study of the homopolymerization of acrylic acid was carried out under the experimental conditions used for the grafting and with: [A]0 = 0.0025 and 0.0050 mol 1−1 and [M]0 = 0.125, 0.75 and 1.25 mol 1−1. It is shown that the initial rate of polymerization is second order in monomer. The grafting experiments were carried out with [A]0 = 0.0025 and [M]0 0.125, 0.75 and 1.25 mol 1−1. For each experiment, the contents of grafted, homopolymerized and non-polymerized acrylic acid were determined separately. The initial rates of grafting and homopolymerization were determined as well as the orders in monomer. Several preliminary treatments of polyethylene led to a significant increase of the grafting efficiency.  相似文献   

6.
A very convenient and accurate method is proposed for titrating normal acid solutions. Potassium bicarbonate is converted through calcination into neutral potassium carbonate. The base thus obtained is used to determine the titre of acid solutions, following procedure clearly indicated. Results are obtained with an accuracy of 2 per l000.The main traditional methods are critically examined.  相似文献   

7.
Résumé L'étude de la décomposition du paratungstate de sodium par la chaleur met en évidence la formation de tétratungstate Na2W4O13 et de bitungstate Na2W2O7. Ce dernier tungstate, existant seulement à l'état solide, présente un spectre d'absorption caractéristique. On peut l'obtenir pur en faisant agir l'anhydride tungstique sur le tungstate de sodium Na2WO4.
Summary The study of the thermal decomposition of sodium paratungstate reveals the formation of sodium tetratungstate Na2W4O13 and the bitungstate Na2W2O7. The latter tungstate exists only in the solid state and gives a characteristic absorption spectrum. It may be obtained pure by causing tungstic anhydride to react with sodium tungstate Na2WO4.

Zusammenfassung Das Studium der thermischen Zersetzung von Natriumparawolframat erwies die Bildung von Tetrawolframat Na2W4O13 und von Biwolframat Na2W2O7. Letzteres besteht nur in festem Zustand und bietet ein charakteristisches Spektrum. Man erhält es in reinem Zustand durch Einwirkung von Wolframtrioxyd auf Natriumwolframat Na2WO4.
  相似文献   

8.
The apparent lifetimes of 9-aminoacridine, of atebrin and of two of its derivatives (9-amino-2-methoxy-6-chloroacridine and 9-n-butylamino-2-methoxy-6-chloroacridine) have been measured by phase modulation fluorometry in a glycerol-water mixture (high viscosity) and an ethanol-water mixture (low viscosity). Results are easily interpreted in terms of a relaxation of the first singlet excited state involving a rearrangement of solvent molecules before excitation.In the glycerol-water mixture, the stationary fluorescence spectra of atebrin and its two derivatives can be resolved into fluorescence spectra emitted by the relaxed state and fluorescence spectra emitted by the unrelaxed state. For each compound the lifetimes of these two states have been calculated.In the same solvent mixture the origin of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence is the relaxed state alone. However, the relaxation process is slow enough to be detected by phase modulation fluorometry. The lifetimes of the relaxed and unrelaxed states are still accessible.In the ethanol-water mixture this is no longer true. For each compound under study the origin of the fluorescence is still the relaxed state but the relaxation process is so rapid, compared with the deactivation processes, that it can no longer be detected by phase modulation techniques. In this case, only the lifetime characteristic of the relaxed state is accessible.  相似文献   

9.
10.
Résumé Le plomb utilisé sous forme d'arbre de Saturne possède une grande réactivité et permet de réduire les nitrates en nitrites. Il s'agit d'une réaction à l'état solide, débutant dès la température ordinaire. On a pu caractériser ainsi la présence de nitrites en mélangeant le plomb avec les nitrates de lithium, sodium, potassium, césium, cuivre, argent, magnésium, calcium, strontium, baryum, zinc, thallium, plomb, cobalt et nickel.
Summary Lead used in the form of the lead tree has great reactivity and is able to reduce nitrates to nitrites. This involves a solid state reaction and starts at room temperature. In this way it is possible to detect the presence of nitrites after mixing the lead with the following nitrates — Li, Na, K, Cs, Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Tl, Pb, Co, Ni.

Zusammenfassung In der Form des Bleibaumes ist Pb sehr reaktionsfähig und reduziert Nitrat zu Nitrit. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Festkörperreaktion, die bei gewöhnlicher Temperatur einsetzt. Nach Vermengen von Blei mit den Nitraten von Li, Na, K, Cs, Cu, Ag, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Th, Pb, Co und Ni konnte die Anwesenheit von Nitrit festgestellt werden.


En l'honneur du ProfesseurA. A. Benedetti-Pichler, pour son 70e anniversaire.  相似文献   

11.
12.
The transfer of the electromagnetic field from a toric emitter to a receiver of same kind is expressed by a two-dimensional integral which can be split into two one-dimensional integrals. Each one-dimensional integral can be seen as a fractionnal Fourier transform whose order is related to the distance between the emitter and the receiver and to their principal curvatures. The knowledge of these orders is alone sufficient to solve practical problems (such as image formation) without explicit use of the integral formulae.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Résumé La concentration préalable est très intéressante en vue des déterminations analytiques des traces d'éléments qui, en très petite concentration, se trouvent dans les sols de culture, les engrais chimiques, et commes des impuretés, ou des petites quantités des éléments, dans des alliages ou d'autres divers matériaux. Pour cette sorte de microdosage, nous avons spécialement choisi les méthodes spectrochimiques, comme celles les plus convenables pour la détermination simultanée de plusieurs éléments dans les échantillons étudiés. Avec cette concentration préalable des traces d'éléments on obtient dans des méthodes spectrochimiques, l'élimination la plus grande possible des éléments principales qui peuvent troubler ou bien déguiser les lignes appropriées pour le dosage des traces d'éléments. Des divers techniques utilisées pour la concentration préalable nous avons poursuivi spécialement celles qui basent sur l'emploi des réactifs chimiques appropriés, aussi bien qu'à cause de leur spécificité de la précipitation, aussi bien qu'à cause des procès de coprécipitation ou trainage qu'elles provoquent. Parmi les méthodes qui employent des réactifs organiques on a étudié, entre autres, la détermination spectrographique quantitative de petites quantités de bismuth comprises dans des alliages ternaires en base de plomb. On a employé le cupferron comme un réactif sélectif qui précipite le bismuth en présence de plomb et de cadmium, après avoir étudié la zone optime deph (0,5–1,5) dans laquelle ceci est possible. On a aussi étudié la détermination spectrochimique des traces de baryum à l'égard des diverses problèmes, en concentrant préalablement le baryum moyennant un procès de trainage ou coprécipitation provoqué par le ion sulfate en présence de plomb, qui s'ajoute excessivement, et que nous employons comme étalon interne spectral. Cette méthode a été employée pour le dosage de baryum dans certains procès d'adsorption, étudiés dans nos laboratoires.
Summary The preliminary concentration is of great interest with regard to analytical determinations of traces of elements which occur at very low concentrations in agricultural soils, chemical fertilizers, and as impurities, or of minute quantities of elements in alloys or other divers materials. For this kind of microdetermination, we have especially chosen spectrochemical methods as being the most convenient for the simultaneous determination of several elements in the samples studied. With this preliminary concentration of traces of elements, there is obtained in the spectrochemical methods, the greatest possible elimination of the principal elements which may interfere with or entirely disguise the appropriate lines to be followed for determining the traces of elements. Among the various techniques employed for the preliminary concentration, we have followed especially those which are based on the use of appropriate chemical reagents, both because of there specific precipitating action, or because of the process of coprecipitation or entrainment which they provoke. Among the methods, which utilize organic reagents, there have been studied, for instance, the spectrographic quantitative determination of small quantities of bismuth contained in ternary alloys containing principally lead. Cupferron has been used as a selective reagent, which precipitates bismuth in the presence of lead and cadmium, after establishing the optimalph zone (0,5–1,5) in which this separation is possible. A study has also been made of the spectrochemical determination of barium by means of an entrainment of coprecipitation process brought about by sulfate ion in the presence of lead, added in excess, and which we have used as an internal spectral standard. This method has been used for the determination of barium in certain adsorption processes studied on our laboratories.

Zusammenfassung Die vorhergehende Anreicherung hat für die analytische Bestimmung von Spurenelementen in Ackerböden und im Kunstdünger oder von geringsten Beimengungen und Verunreinigungen in Legierungen oder sonstigem Material große Bedeutung. Wir verwenden für solche Mikrobestimmungen vor allem spektralanalytische Methoden, da sie sich für die gleichzeitige Bestimmung mehrerer Elemente in einer Probe am besten eignen. Mit einer solchen der Spektralanalyse vorangehenden Anreicherung erzielt man die größtmögliche Entfernung der Hauptbestandteile, die die zur spektralanalytischen Bestimmung der Spuren geeigneten Linien stören oder sogar überdecken können. Von den verschiedenen zur Anreicherung geeigneten Verfahren verwenden wir vor allem die mit Hilfe von chemischen Reagenzien, sei es daß sich diese zufolge ihrer Spezifität hierzu besonders eignen, sei es weil sie bei der Niederschlagsbildung die gesuchten Elemente mit ausfällen oder mitschleppen. Unter Zuhilfenahme organischer Reagenzien studierten wir unter anderem die spektralanalytische Bestimmung kleiner Mengen Wismuth, wie sie sich in Legierungen auf Bleibasis finden. Wir verwendeten hierfür als selektives Reagens Cupferron, welches Wismuth in Gegenwart von Blei und Cadmium ausfällt. Als geeignetstesph-Bereich hierfür wurde 0,5 bis 1,5 bestimmt. Weiters untersuchten wir die spektralanalytische Bestimmung von Bariumspuren mit Rücksicht auf gewisse Problemstellungen, indem wir das Barium vorher mit Sulfationen gleichzeitig mit Blei ausfällten, welches im Überschuß zugefügt und von uns als Vergleichssubstanz verwendet wurde. Diese Methode wurde zur Bariumbestimmung bei gewissen Adsorptionsversuchen verwendet, die in unserem Laboratorium durchgeführt werden.


Avec 4 figures.  相似文献   

15.
Résumé Il est possible de séparer en 60 le silicium, le bore, le molybdène lorsqu'ils sont à l'état d'anions salifiés par le sodium.La séparation chromatographique sur papier à l'échelle du microgramme se fait en développant par de l'acétone chlorhydrique (5% en vol. d'acide chlorhydrique concentré) dans une cuve saturée de 2-butanone chlorhydrique (5% conc. vol.).Le contrôle quantitatif après développement et élution s'est fait par absorptiométrie pour le Bore, qui se retrouve à ± 3% près.
Summary Microgram paper chromatography has succeeded to separate Silicate, Borate and Molybdate of Sodium. Development takes only 60 using acetone, HCl 5% (acetone containing 5 ml of concentrated HCl in ml) in a vessel saturated with 2-Butanone, HCl 5%.The procedure has been checked quantitatively with mixtures containing 10 micrograms of each element. Boron has been determined absorptiometrically after development and elution. It is recovered to ± 3%.

Zusammenfassung Silicium, Bor und Molybdän lassen sich als Anionen der entsprechenden Natriumsalze auf papierchromatographischem Wege trennen. Die Chromatogramme können im Mikromaßstab mit Aceton-Chlorwasserstoff (5 Vol.-% konz. Salzsäure) in einer mit 2-Butanon (5 Vol.-% konz. Salzsäure) gesättigten Atmosphäre entwickelt werden. Die nach der Entwicklung und Elution des Chromatogramms durch Absorptionsmessung durchgeführte quantitative Kontrolle ergab, daß Bor zu ± 3% wieder gefunden wird.


Travail de 2e Licence enChimie, présenté commemémoire de fin d'Etude (juillet 1951), Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles.

Avec 2 figures.  相似文献   

16.
A method is described in which one determines the rate parameters for chemical exchange between two equally populated sites by measuring the dependance upon apparent transverse relaxation time of the NMR intensity lines. This method permits to obtain kinetics parameters when the coalescence temperature cannot be reached. It was tested by observing the low temperature spectra of well known exchanging systems. Then it was applied to five membered ring molecules (Tetrahydrofuran and pyrrolidin derivatives) where classical methods (TLS) cannot be used.  相似文献   

17.
We investigate numerically the problem of laminar flow of incompressible nonNewtonian pseudo-plastic fluids across an abrupt enlargement. The effects of different parameters on the evolution of streamlines are studied. The key point is to propose a correlation allowing efficient calculation of the re-establishment length.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Observed changes in the electronic absorption spectrum of indole in solution suggest that the conformation of this molecule in the ground state is sensitive to its environment. Conformational changes occur when the molecule is complexed via the formation of the hydrogen bonds of NH⋯O and OH⋯π types. A CNDO/2 calculation indicates that the formation of an NH⋯O bond favours the planar conformation while a flooded conformation results from the formation of an OH⋯π bond  相似文献   

20.
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