高考物理命题走势

全国范围内实行“3 x”高考模式已经3个年头，物理试题的命题已经逐渐成熟，走向规范．现将高考物理题进行归纳，并分析其走势．     

"理科综合能力测试"之我见

随着高考制度的改革,越来越多的省市已实行了"3+X"考试,面对"X"中的"理科综合能力测试"(以下简称"理综")物理教学应如何进行改革的问题已引起越来越多物理教师的关注.以下对此问题谈几点看法.     

从高考“综合理科”的设置谈物理教学改革

在高考改革中备受关注的是"综合科目"的设置,教学第一线的物理教师都在探讨"综合理科"将呈现怎样的状态?各学科知识的交叉点、渗透点在哪里?该如何针对高考复习?但如果我们的研究仅此而已,那么仍然脱不了应试教育的窠臼,与改革初衷背道而驰.所以,作为第一线的教师,更重要的是以高考改革为契机,努力推进物理教学的改革.     

新高考新认识新实践——谈高考理科综合能力测试

2001年,我市高考理科喜获佳绩,荣获省理科状元,4人进入省前十名,600分以上的高分人数达232人.这对人口仅有75万的县级市来讲,成绩确实较为理想.就学科成绩而言,全市理科综合平均分为220分,大大高出全省平均分.     

2004年全国高考理综第25题的一题多解

对于2004年全国高考理综试题第25题的物理过程和情景，许多考生都有似曾相识的感觉，但该题比较注重对考生分析能力和推理能力的考查．现摘编题目如下：     

浅谈设计实验教学中学生创新能力的培养

理科综合《考试说明》中明确提出“能根据要求设计简单的实验方案”，这是实验的考试目标“设计和完成实验能力”的主要内容．设计实验与课本上的学生实验是有区别的，课本上的学生实验的特点是对实验原理、实验步骤、数据处理的方法等都作了详细介绍，并且实验课时老师还详细地讲解，     

素质教育在物理教学中的体现

素质教育是以提高民族素质为宗旨的教育 ,它与传统应试教育不同 .由应试教育向素质教育转轨是我国社会发展的必然要求 .1　挖掘教材思想内容加强道德素质的培养物理课本提供了很多对学生进行思想品德教育的素材 ,如物理学家焦耳花了 40年时间 ,用各种不同方法测定了热功当量 ,为能量的转化和守恒定律奠定了基础 ,他在实验物理中取得了重大的成就 .但在他成功的背后 ,包含着无数次的失败 .在教学中 ,教师补充介绍焦耳事迹的内容 ,用以教育学生在科学的道路上没有平坦的大道可走 ,成功只能属于那些不畏艰难、勇于攀登的人 ,培养学生坚韧不拔的…     

浅谈物理直觉思维及培养

全日制义务教育物理课程标准(实验稿)中提出课程目标要使学生“具有创新意识，能独立思考，勇于有根据地怀疑，养成尊重事实、大胆想像的科学态度和科学精神”，这就要求我们在注重学生逻辑思维能力培养的同时，还应该注重学生观察力、直觉力、想像力的培养．特别是直觉思维能力的培     

例析几道学科知识综合运用的试题

“理论联系实际、学以致用”是近年来高考物理学科命题的特点和趋向，近年来的高考物理试题加强了知识的应用考查，体现了以现实问题为主，注重学科知识与能力具体应用的考查，下面例析几道学科知识综合运用试题，供大家参考。     

Physics Without Physics

David Finkelstein was very fond of the new information-theoretic paradigm of physics advocated by John Archibald Wheeler and Richard Feynman. Only recently, however, the paradigm has concretely shown its full power, with the derivation of quantum theory (Chiribella et al., Phys. Rev. A 84:012311, 2011; D’Ariano et al., 2017) and of free quantum field theory (D’Ariano and Perinotti, Phys. Rev. A 90:062106, 2014; Bisio et al., Phys. Rev. A 88:032301, 2013; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 354:244, 2015; Bisio et al., Ann. Phys. 368:177, 2016) from informational principles. The paradigm has opened for the first time the possibility of avoiding physical primitives in the axioms of the physical theory, allowing a re-foundation of the whole physics over logically solid grounds. In addition to such methodological value, the new information-theoretic derivation of quantum field theory is particularly interesting for establishing a theoretical framework for quantum gravity, with the idea of obtaining gravity itself as emergent from the quantum information processing, as also suggested by the role played by information in the holographic principle (Susskind, J. Math. Phys. 36:6377, 1995; Bousso, Rev. Mod. Phys. 74:825, 2002). In this paper I review how free quantum field theory is derived without using mechanical primitives, including space-time, special relativity, Hamiltonians, and quantization rules. The theory is simply provided by the simplest quantum algorithm encompassing a countable set of quantum systems whose network of interactions satisfies the three following simple principles: homogeneity, locality, and isotropy. The inherent discrete nature of the informational derivation leads to an extension of quantum field theory in terms of a quantum cellular automata and quantum walks. A simple heuristic argument sets the scale to the Planck one, and the currently observed regime where discreteness is not visible is the so-called “relativistic regime” of small wavevectors, which holds for all energies ever tested (and even much larger), where the usual free quantum field theory is perfectly recovered. In the present quantum discrete theory Einstein relativity principle can be restated without using space-time in terms of invariance of the eigenvalue equation of the automaton/walk under change of representations. Distortions of the Poincaré group emerge at the Planck scale, whereas special relativity is perfectly recovered in the relativistic regime. Discreteness, on the other hand, has some plus compared to the continuum theory: 1) it contains it as a special regime; 2) it leads to some additional features with GR flavor: the existence of an upper bound for the particle mass (with physical interpretation as the Planck mass), and a global De Sitter invariance; 3) it provides its own physical standards for space, time, and mass within a purely mathematical adimensional context. The paper ends with the future perspectives of this project, and with an Appendix containing biographic notes about my friendship with David Finkelstein, to whom this paper is dedicated.     

物理竞赛中的物理图象

图象处理法是物理竞赛中常用的处理方法,主要表现在图象的"面积"与图象的交点两个方面.     

Chinese Physics C(Formerly High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics)

<正>Monthly,founded in 1977Published monthly in hard copy by Science Press and online by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(domestic)and by IOP Publishing,Temple Circus,Temple Way,Bristol BS1 6HG,UK(international).     

Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics

Contrary to claims about the irrelevance of philosophy for science, I argue that philosophy has had, and still has, far more influence on physics than is commonly assumed. I maintain that the current anti-philosophical ideology has had damaging effects on the fertility of science. I also suggest that recent important empirical results, such as the detection of the Higgs particle and gravitational waves, and the failure to detect supersymmetry where many expected to find it, question the validity of certain philosophical assumptions common among theoretical physicists, inviting us to engage in a clearer philosophical reflection on scientific method.