退火温度和时间对PET高卷速拉伸变形丝熔化与结晶行为的影响

本文用DSC和密度法研究了高卷速拉伸变形丝(DTY)的熔化与结晶行为。定量地测定了不同温度迟火5分钟急冷后的试样,在DSC曲线上出现的各转变峰温和热焓随退火温度变化的规律,找到了DSC测定的熔化热焓和密度法测定的结晶度之间的对应关系。从试样在熔化峰温退火→冷却结晶→再扫描和在熔化峰温→继续扫描两种方式在DSC曲线上所表现的熔化与结晶行为,探讨了试样在熔融状态退火冷却结晶后再扫描出现双熔化峰的原因,继而研究了试样在熔化峰温的退火时间对结晶完善程制的影响。     

聚丙烯催化合金(PP-c)的晶体结构及其影响因素

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和广角X射线衍射(WAXD)研究了两种乙烯含量不同的聚丙烯反应合金(PP-c)等温结晶下的晶体结构及PPβ晶含量的影响因素.结果表明,在通常的等温结晶条件下,乙烯含量较高的试样(PEP40)的熔融曲线出现双熔融峰.WAXD分析证明,其熔融双峰分别代表均聚聚丙烯(PP)的α晶和β晶.计算结果表明,PEP40中β晶含量与结晶温度有关,124℃结晶时β晶含量最高.在220℃对PP-c熔体进行热处理可显著提高PEP40中β晶的含量;在相同温度下热处理后,较低乙烯含量的试样(PEP20)也出现晶型异构.比较200℃与220℃下热处理对PEP20等温结晶的结晶形态的影响,发现后者使微晶尺寸明显变小,并呈现较完善的β球晶形态.     

热历史对尼龙1212熔融行为的影响

利用DSC方法研究了不同热历史条件对尼龙1212熔融行为的影响.不同的热历史条件下,在DSC曲线上,观察到尼龙1212产生2个或3个熔融峰,依据聚合物结晶理论,对各峰的来源进行了分析.在160℃下不同温度退火120 min的尼龙1212样品DSC曲线上,低温结晶熔融峰主要由低温结晶形成的一些微晶体或者片晶熔融产生,其晶体完善程度较差,熔融峰值较低,峰面积较小;主熔融峰是由样品在淬火过程中形成的晶体和升温过程中低温结晶形成的晶体的熔融重结晶形成较为完善的晶体熔融所产生,熔融峰值较高,峰面积较大.在不同的升温速率条件下,熔融峰温度有所移动,表明不同升温速率条件下产生的熔融峰的结晶晶型是相同的.在不同结晶时间下结晶,延长结晶时间对较高完善程度晶体的生长有利.在不同温度下依次退火处理的样品,熔融产生两个附加峰,这两个附加峰的峰温都比它们相应的退火温度高,而峰高和峰面积随退火温度降低而减小.根据等温结晶结果,由Hoffman方法确定了尼龙1212的平衡熔融温度为202.8℃.     

含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮的结晶与晶体结构研究

通过差示扫描法（ＤＳＣ）及广角Ｘ 射线衍射（ＷＡＸＤ）技术研究了含间位取代苯基聚醚酮酮（ＰＥＫｍＫ）的结晶行为与晶体结构．Ｘ 射线结果表明，从熔融态及玻璃态结晶时，ＰＥＫｍＫ只有一种晶型，其晶胞参数为：ａ＝０７６７２ｎｍ，ｂ＝０６１４９ｎｍ，ｃ＝１５９９ｎｍ．ＤＳＣ结果表明，ＰＥＫｍＫ热分析曲线都出现了熔融双峰，低熔融峰（ＤＯＷｎ）热焓占总热焓４～７％，它源于初始结晶形成的同一晶型不同厚度片晶．低熔融峰在２５０℃以上结晶转化成高熔融峰（Ｉ），ＰＥＫｍＫ平衡熔点为２９５℃     

剪切应力场中聚丙烯熔体在近熔点处冷却结晶的晶体结构研究

通过自主设计的动态保压注塑成型装置研究剪切应力场下聚丙烯(PP)熔体在近熔点处冷却结晶的晶体结构.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和广角X射线衍射(WAXD)分析了PP试样在近熔点处冷却后从表层到剪切层的结晶结构的变化.SEM研究表明,与传统注塑成型样品(SL)和剪切力场中高熔体温度下冷却得到的试样(DH)相比,近熔点附近冷却得到的PP试样(DL)从表层到剪切层的结晶结构和形态有明显变化.DL从表层到剪切层均生成了尺寸较大的取向结晶结构,无明显的串晶产生.DSC研究表明,与SL和DH相比,DL剪切层无脊纤维晶熔融峰且晶片熔融温度较高,证明其样品内部晶片尺寸较大.WAXD进一步研究显示,DL内部主要晶面(110,040和130)的结晶尺寸与SL和DH相比并没有发生明显改变.     

聚乳酸可降解材料结晶和熔融行为的研究

用DSC和XRD研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）用量、分子量和退火温度对PLA结晶和熔融行为的影响。结果表明PEG的加入有利提高PLA的结晶度和结晶温度;PLA／PEG样品在低于10022退火后均表现出双熔融峰特征,退火温度越高,样品的低熔融峰（Tm1）越高且熔融热焓也越高;PEG分子量越大,其低熔融峰的熔融热焓（△H1）越大...     

高分子结晶和熔融行为的Flash DSC研究进展

近年来,作为常规示差扫描量热仪(DSC)技术的发展,商业化的快速扫描芯片量热技术(fast-scan chip-calorimeter,FSC)对推动高分子结晶学研究进展发挥了重要的作用.本文首先介绍了闪速示差扫描量热仪Flash DSC的研发历程及其对高分子结晶样品的测试技术,然后举例介绍了其在高分子结晶和熔融行为研究中的一些应用,包括总结晶动力学、晶体成核动力学、成核剂和填料对结晶的影响、共聚单元对结晶的影响、多重熔融峰的鉴定、折叠链片晶的不可逆和可逆熔化、以及极性大分子晶体的熔融等.Flash DSC极大地扩展了扫描温度速率范围,使得其研究的时间窗口能与实际高分子材料加工过程和计算机分子模拟的时间窗口相互匹配,所提供的综合信息有助于我们更好地理解高分子结晶、退火和熔融行为的微观机理.     

尼龙1010在熔融峰温等温结晶生成晶体的热性质和形态结构

用 DSC,TEM,ED 研究了尼龙1010在熔融峰温等温结晶生成晶体的热性质和形态结构。结果表明该晶体在 DSC 扫描的时间尺度范围内是稳定的,能保持原有的熔融特性,不是低熔点晶体转化而成的晶体。对该晶体进行电子衍射,显示对称的清晰的单晶电子衍射斑点,用尼龙1010的晶胞参数标定电子衍射图,证明是单晶的电子衍射图。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的非等温结晶行为

用付里叶变换红外光谱法、示差扫描量热、广角Ｘ 射线衍射和密度法等手段，研究了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）的非等温结晶行为．在１１０℃以上，ＰＥＴ的结晶度随温度的升高而增加；在１６０～２３０℃温度区间，ＰＥＴ的结晶度随温度的升高变化不大．但在其后的降温过程中，其结晶度显著增加．从高温缓冷试样的结晶度明显地比淬火试样的高．实验结果有力地支持了高聚物在结晶前链的折叠就已经形成的观点．     

聚醚醚酮酮的结晶熔融行为

用差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）研究不同热历史聚醚醚酮酮（ＰＥＥＫＫ）的结晶熔融行为。在２２５－３００℃等温热处理样品的ＤＳＣ曲线出现了熔融双峰。低温熔融峰峰温（Ｔｍｌ）较低，Ｔｍｌ与热处理温度Ｔｃ有关；高温熔融峰峰温（Ｔｍ２）较高，Ｔｍ２几乎不受Ｔｃ的影响。研究结果认为，在升温过程中存在结晶的熔融－重结晶过程，熔融双峰归因于结构相同而完整程度不同的ＰＥＥＫＫ结晶的熔融行为。还探讨了升温速度对结晶熔融行     

4-（咪唑-1-基）苯甲酸镉配合物的合成和晶体结构

在水热条件下,用4-（咪唑-1-基）苯甲酸和Cd（NO3）2·4H2O为原料,制备了一种三维超分子配合物[Cd（C10H7N2O2）2·（H2O）4]n,并经X射线衍射分析确定了其单晶结构．该晶体属于单斜晶系,P2／c空间群,晶胞参数n=1．2349（5）nm,b=1．1105（5）nm,c=0．8014（5）nm,β=96．482（5）°,V=1．0920（9）nm^2,Z=2．Dc=1．699g·cm^-3,F（000）=564,ωR=0．032．结果表明,在配合物的基本结构单元[CdL2（H2O）4]中,Cd（Ⅱ）离子处于变形八面体配位环境中,配体中的N原子参与配位,而羧基中的O原子完全用于形成氢键．配合物单元之间通过氢键相互连接,形成了无限延伸的三维超分子网状结构．     

New Nitriminotetrazoles – Synthesis,Structures and Characterization

The reactions of 5‐nitriminotetrazole ( 4 ) with 1‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole ( 2 ) as well as 2‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole ( 3 ) were investigated. In the first reaction 2 was protonated yielding 1‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazolium 5‐nitrimino‐1H‐tetrazolate monohydrate ( 7 ). In the latter case no protonation could be observed and a co‐crystallization of 5‐nitraminotetrazole and 2‐methyl‐5‐aminotetrazole was obtained. In this compound a new tautomer of 4 could be found. Both products were determined by low temperature single crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, Raman and multinuclear (¹H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N) NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as differential scanning calorimetry. In addition the heats of formation were calculated using experimentally obtained heats of combustion. With these and the X‐ray densities several detonation parameter were computed using the EXPLO5 software. In addition the sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge were determined. Further, two crystal structures of the important starting materials in energetic research 5‐nitriminotetrazole monohydrate ( 4 ·H₂O) and 1‐methyl‐5‐nitriminotetrazolemonohydrate ( 5 ·H₂O) are presented and compared with the water‐free compounds. The heats of formation of 4 , 4 ·H₂O, 5 , 5 ·H₂O have been calculated by the atomization method using the CBS basis set. Inclusion of crystal water decrease heats of formation about 265 kJ mol^?1. Also the influence of crystal water on sensitivities (impact, friction, electrostatic discharge) but also performance is discussed.     

2-(2-苯并咪唑基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-3-氧化咪唑啉-1-氧基自由基的合成、晶体结构与量化计算

报道了2-(2-苯并咪唑基)-4, 4, 5, 5-四甲基-3-氧化咪唑啉-1-氧基自由基(NITBzImH)的合成和晶体结构.晶体属正交晶系Pbca空间群.a=0.87446(4), b=1.55600(8), c=2.01139(1) nm,α=β=γ=90°,Z=8,V=2.7368(2) nm³, R=0.0478,ωR=0.1101;并用密度泛函(DFT)计算了该自由基的自旋密度分布.     

三乙四胺六乙酸钆单核配合物的合成及晶体结构

在水溶液中合成了三乙四胺六乙酸(H₆ttha)钆单核配合物(NH₄)₂[Gd(Httha)]·6H₂O,获得了单晶,并测定了其结构.晶体属单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群.晶胞参数a=1.0400(4)nm,b=1.2761(4)nm,c=2.3132(4)nm,β=90.89(3)°,V=3.070(2)nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.709g/cm³.R₁=0.0394,F(000)=1612.配合物是单核分子,每个钆离子与来自同一个三乙四胺六乙酸的4个氮原子和5个羧基氧原子配位,配位数为9,形成单帽四方反棱柱型配位多面体.     

CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (μ-PhS) (μ-σ,π-CH_3CH = CH)Fe_2(CO)_6

<正> The crystal and molecular structure of (μ-PhS) (μ-σ, n-CH3CH = CH)-Fe2(CO)6 has been determined by X - ray diffraction technique. The complex has chemical formula of C15H10O6SFe2 and Mr=129. 99. The crystals are monoclinic,space group P21/c,with α=11. 789(2),b= 7. 159(1),c = 20. 890(4) A ;β = 100. 89(2);V = 1731. 32 A3;Z=4,Dc=1. 65g·cm-3;F(000) = 863. 86. The final R and Rw equal 0. 0315 and 0. 0405 respectively for 2527 observed unique reflections.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Electrochemical Behaviour of an Azido μ‐bridged Ni2+ Complex

A homo‐dinuclear Ni^II complex was prepared from 2, 6‐bis(3, 5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)pyridine (Me₄‐bpp) and azide ions in nonaqueous media. It was characterized by single crystal X‐ray structural analysis, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the compound were determined with cyclic voltammetry in DMF. The title compound crystallizes in the P2₁/n monoclinic space group, with unit cell parameters a = 8.978(1), b = 12.459(1), c = 17.764(1) Å, ß =100.603(3)°, V = 1953.0(3) ų, Z = 2. The Ni²⁺ ion has a distorted octahedral environment involving three nitrogen atoms of the Me₄‐bpp ligand, two nitrogen atoms from the bridged azide group, and one nitrogen atom from the terminal azide group. The Ni···Ni distance is 3.273(5) Å.     

Preparation,Structure, and Second‐order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Borate‐Carboxylic Acid Compound: NH4B[d‐(+)‐C4H4O5]2·H2O

The organic‐inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) material NH₄B(d‐ (+)‐C₄H₄O₅)₂ · H₂O (NBC) was synthesized in a borate‐carboxylic acid system. Its structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna2₁ (No. 33), with cell parameters a = 11.484(6) Å, b = 5.354(3) Å, c = 21.079(12) Å, V = 1296.0(12), Z = 4. It exhibits a three‐dimensional pseudo tunnel structure consisting of fundamental building block [B(d‐ (+)‐C₄H₄O₅)₂]^– anions. The small cavities are occupied by the H₂O molecules and NH₄⁺ cations, which stabilize the whole structure by O–H ··· O and N–H ··· O hydrogen bonds. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) of the crystal was also recorded. Elemental analyses, FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra analyses, thermal analysis, and diffuse‐reflectance spectra for the compound are also presented, as are band structures and density of states calculation. Nonlinear optical measurements indicate that the material has second harmonic generation (SHG) properties and is phase‐matchable.     

吡啶-2-甲酸镍的合成及其晶体结构

以吡啶 2 甲酸和Ni(ClO4)2·6H2O为原料反应制得配合物[Ni(C5H4NCOO)2(H2O)2]2H2O,并通过X 射线衍射法测定其晶体结构.该化合物属于单斜晶系,空间群P21/n,晶胞参数:a=0.97351(15)nm,b=0.52254(8)nm,c=1.4483(2)nm,β=90.119(3)°,V=0.7367(2)nm3,Z=2,Dc=1.690g/cm3,μ=1.362mm 1,F(000)=388,结构偏离因子R1=0.0316,wR2=0.0902,共收集到4771个强度数据,其中1700个独立衍射点,1489个(I>2σ(I))可观测点.X 射线分析表明晶体是由分子间氢键和π π弱相互作用堆积而成的二维层状结构.     

铋对铜电解精炼中阴极铜沉积的微观结构的影响

采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射仪、原子吸收光度计和电子探针等仪器,研究了含有铋离子的酸性硫酸铜电解液中阴极铜沉积的电结晶生长形态、结晶的晶面取向以及铜沉积层的化学组成．研究结果表明：６５℃时,在通常的电流密度ｉ＝２００Ａ·ｍｏｌ／Ｌ－２下电解,铋不会在阴极沉积;铋离子对铜沉积层的晶面取向（２２０）基本不影响,电解液中存在高浓度铋离子时对（２２０）晶面生长起促进作用,对其它晶面生长起较强的抑制作用;铋离子影响铜沉积的电结晶生长形态和铜沉积层的晶胞尺寸．     

Nitrogen-rich 6-（3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl）-3-（2,4,6-trinitroanilino）-1,2,4,5-tetrazin： Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Property

6-（3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-yl）-3-（2,4,6-trinitroanilino）-1,2,4,5-tetrazin （1） has been synthesized and characterized by ^1H NMR, MS, elemental analysis, infrared spectra and thermal analyses. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. 1 is crystallized in P21/c space group of monoclinic crystal system, and exhibits good physical properties, such as high densities （〉 1.55 g·cm^-3） and good thermal stabilities （Td〉220 ℃）. The intrermolecular hydrogen bonds construct the P- and M-helices from organic molecules and may contribute to the high melting points.