四甲基硅烷流量对硬质合金表面沉积的SiC涂层的影响

采用强电流直流伸展电弧化学气相沉积(HCDCA CVD)技术,在Ar、H2和四甲基硅烷(TMS)先驱体组成的混合气体气氛下,在YG6硬质合金衬底表面沉积了SiC涂层.本文对不同TMS流量条件下制备的SiC涂层的沉积速率、表面形貌、化学成分、物相组成以及附着力进行了对比研究.在此基础上,实验选取表面连续致密且附着力良好的SiC涂层作为过渡层进行了金刚石涂层的沉积,并对金刚石涂层的形貌、质量以及附着力进行了表征.实验发现.随着TMS流量的增加,SiC涂层的沉积速率加快,连续和致密性逐渐改善,但其附着力明显降低.连续致密且附着力良好的SiC涂层作为过渡层,可以有效地抑制硬质合金中Co的扩散,消除Co在金刚石涂层沉积过程中的不利影响,获得附着力良好的纳米金刚石涂层.     

气体流量及配比对CVD SiC膜层的影响

本文以甲基三氯硅烷(MTS)为先驱体原料,H2为载气,采用化学气相沉积工艺在反应烧结碳化硅表面制备SiC致密膜层。研究了不同反应气体流量及配比对CVD碳化硅膜层的影响。结果表明:反应气体的流量对膜层的表面形貌影响较大,较大的气流量容易使膜层剥落;减小反应气体流量有利于改善膜层的均匀性。H2/MTS比例影响沉积SiC膜层的相组成。当沉积温度为1200℃,H2/MTS比例为6∶1时,得到的膜层由SiC和C两相组成;当H2/MTS比例为12∶1时,膜层由SiC和Si两相组成;当H2/MTS比例为10∶1时,得到单一相的SiC膜层。在优化的工艺参数下,制备出致密的CVD膜层,经过光学加工后膜层的表面粗糙度为0.72 nm,平面度RMS为0.015λ(λ=0.6328μm)。     

沉积温度对硬质合金表面沉积的SiC薄膜的影响

采用强电流直流伸展电弧等离子体CVD技术,以Ar、H2和四甲基硅烷(TMS)为先驱气体,在YG6硬质合金衬底表面制备了SiC薄膜。实验结果表明:随着沉积温度的升高,薄膜的致密性和平整度提高;但当沉积温度过高时,SiC薄膜的表面开始具有含非晶碳球和呈花瓣状的疏松结构。在合适的沉积温度下,SiC薄膜的致密性和平整度较好,且其具有较好的附着力和一定的强度,而这样的SiC薄膜可以阻止在金刚石涂层沉积过程中硬质合金中含有的Co对金刚石相沉积过程的有害作用。     

不同压力下硬质合金表面微波等离子体化学气相沉积SiC涂层规律性的研究

以氢气和四甲基硅烷作为先驱气体,采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,不同沉积压力条件下、在YG6硬质合金表面制备了的SiC涂层.利用SEM、EDS、XRD、划痕测试法对SiC涂层的表面形貌、相组成和附着力进行了分析.实验结果表明,在较低的压力下,SiC涂层为胞状的纳米团聚物,且胞团的尺度随压力的升高而变小;随着压力的升高,胞状SiC开始并最终全部转变为片层状SiC,并在此过程中伴随着颗粒状Co2Si的形成与长大;随着压力的继续升高,片层状SiC开始转变为须状SiC.胞状SiC向片层状SiC的转变会使涂层致密度提高,而涂层对硬质合金衬底的附着力也会随之增强;Co催化作用的上升引起的片层状SiC向须状SiC的转变会导致SiC涂层的附着力明显降低.以具有片层状特征的SiC作为过渡层,可在未经去Co酸蚀预处理的硬质合金衬底上制备出具有较好附着力的金刚石涂层.     

SiCf/SiC复合材料表面梯度抗氧化SiC涂层研究

SiC纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料(简称SiCf/SiC复合材料)具有低密度、高温稳定性、抗氧化性、高耐腐蚀性等特点,在航天及航空发动机热结构部件及核聚变反应堆炉第一壁结构等方面有巨大的潜在用途.目前受工艺条件制约,SiCf/SiC复合材料中用来增强的SiC纤维纯度不高,C/Si原子比大于1.3,而采用传统先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(简称PIP)制备的基体材料除了纯度不高外,还含有孔隙和缺陷,不能满足高温氧化环境中服役要求.本文通过化学气相沉积工艺(CVD)在SiCf/SiC复合材料表面制备出一种高纯、低缺陷、耐高温、低氧扩散系数且与基体材料具有良好匹配性的SiC抗氧化梯度涂层,通过SEM分析基体与膜层的结合情况及涂层的微观形貌,通过XRD考察涂层的梯度组份及氧化前后涂层成份变化,进而探讨梯度涂层抗氧化机理.     

多晶硅化学气相沉积过程气相与表面反应模拟验证

针对SiHCl3-H2体系下硅的化学气相沉积过程,采用边界层反应模型和Chemkin模拟软件,耦合不同气相与表面化学反应机理,对不同条件下硅的沉积速率,高温下HCl气体对硅表面的侵蚀速率进行了模拟计算.与文献报道的三组实验数据进行对比,验证现有反应机理的模拟精度,确定一套修正化学反应机理可以较为准确地预测工业级西门子多晶硅还原炉条件下多晶硅的沉积速率.     

化学气相沉积工艺制备碳化硅晶须的研究

在外加热的化学气相沉积(CVD)炉中,以H2为载气,甲基三氯硅烷(MTS)为源气,氩气为稀释气体,在反应烧结碳化硅基底上,采用CVD工艺制备了碳化硅晶须,研究了沉积温度和稀释气体对产物形貌的影响。分别用XRD、SEM分析了沉积物的相组成和形貌。SEM分析结果表明:1100℃时的沉积物完全由晶须组成,1150℃时的沉积物由晶须和部分晶粒组成;1100℃和1150℃相比,沉积温度较高时,晶须的平均直径增大;随着稀释气体的加入,在1100℃时,晶须直径的分布变窄,弯曲缺陷减少,在1150℃时晶须中颗粒沉积物明显减少。XRD分析表明,1100℃下制备的晶须为β-SiC晶须。此外,还进一步对晶须的生长机理和沉积物形貌变化的原因进行了分析。     

CVD样品台旋转对沉积金刚石涂层的影响

以CH3COCH3和H2为反应气源,利用热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)方法,通过改变样品台的旋转频率在YG6硬质合金(WC-6wt; Co)基体上沉积金刚石涂层.利用X射线衍射分析YG6硬质合金表面沉积金刚石涂层物相,通过扫描电子显微镜和压痕试验机分析金刚石涂层的表面形貌、沉积厚度和膜基结合性能,考察了样品台旋转频率对沉积金刚石涂层结构与性能的影响,以确定最佳的样品台旋转频率.结果 表明,在固定沉积工艺参数条件下,当样品台的旋转频率为2次/h时,在YG6硬质合金基体上沉积的金刚石涂层具有较优的晶粒和更均匀致密的聚晶结构以及更高的膜-基结合力.     

Ar流量对ECR-PECVD制备氢化纳米晶硅薄膜结构及性能影响研究

采用电子回旋共振等离子体增强化学气相沉积(ECR-PECVD)设备制备了氢化纳米晶硅薄膜.通过Raman光谱、XRD和紫外-可见分光光度计的测试分析,研究了Ar/H2对薄膜组织结构和光学性能的影响,并对沉积腔室的等离子体环境进行了系统的诊断.实验发现:少量Ar气的通入有利于提高腔室中的电子温度,保证纳米晶硅薄膜结构的同时提高薄膜的光学带隙宽度.进一步提高Ar气的比例,薄膜明显非晶化,光学性能下降.结合薄膜生长机理和放电气体电离特性对实验结果的产生原因进行了分析.     

沉积温度对硬质合金表面MPCVD法制备SiC过渡层的影响

采用MPCVD法,以氢气和四甲基硅烷为先驱气体,YG6硬质合金刀片为基体材料,在不同沉积温度下制备了SiC涂层;并选用致密连续且附着性能优良的SiC涂层作为过渡层制备金刚石涂层.使用场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪和掠X射线衍射仪对SiC涂层和金刚石涂层的形貌和组成进行了分析,并对SiC涂层和金刚石涂层的附着力进行测试.结果表明,随着沉积温度升高,SiC涂层先由团聚在一起的β-SiC微晶相先转变为颗粒状和片状β-SiC,进而转变为团聚在一起的非晶态的SiC晶须;SiC涂层的厚度呈递增、致密度呈现先增强后减弱、表面粗糙度整体呈现先减小后增大、附着力呈先升高后降低的趋势.沉积温度为800℃时制备的片状SiC涂层与硬质合金基体有着良好的结合强度,将其作为过渡层时,能够在硬质合金表面制备出均匀、连续、致密的且附着力良好的金刚石涂层.     

Rate-determining process in chemical vapor deposition of SiC on off-axis -SiC

Homoepitaxial growth on off-axis α-SiC at reduced pressures in a horizontal cold-wall chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system operating at has been investigated. The growth rate was found inversely proportional to the square root of total pressure or the partial pressure of H₂, a carrier gas. A model to explain the experimental results is proposed, where the rate-determining process in CVD is competition between Si species and hydrogen atoms for C (carbon) dangling bonds at SiC step edges.     

Investigation of 3C-SiC growth on Si(111) by vapor–liquid–solid transport using a SiGe liquid phase

The crystal growth of 3C-SiC onto silicon substrate by Vapor–Liquid–Solid (VLS) transport, where a SiGe liquid phase is fed with propane, has been investigated. Three sample configurations were used. In a preliminary approach, the VLS growth of SiC was conducted directly onto Si substrate using a Ge film as liquid catalyst. It led to the growth of a thick continuous SiC polycrystalline layer which was floating over a SiGe alloy located between the silicon substrate and the topping SiC layer. In the second configuration, a thin seeding layer of 3C-SiC grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used and the VLS growth was localized using a SiO₂ mask. The liquid phase was a CVD deposited SiGe alloy. The growth of a few hundred nanometers thick 3C-SiC epitaxial layer was demonstrated but the process was apparently affected by the presence of the oxide which was dramatically etched at the end. In the last configuration, the silicon substrate was patterned down to 10 μm and a thin seeding layer of 3C-SiC was grown by CVD onto this patterned substrate. The liquid phase was again a CVD deposited SiGe alloy. In this last configuration, the presence of epitaxial SiC was evidenced but it grew as trapezoidal islands instead of an uniform layer.     

Vapour phase growth of epitaxial silicon carbide layers

After a brief overview of different epitaxial layer growth techniques, the homoepitaxial chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of SiC with a focus on hot-wall CVD is reviewed. Step-controlled epitaxy and site competition epitaxy have been utilized to grow polytype stable layers more than 50 μm in thickness and of high purity and crystalline perfection for power devices. The influence of growth parameters including gas flow, C/Si ratio, growth temperature and pressure on growth rate and layer uniformity in thickness and doping are discussed. Background doping levels as low as 10¹⁴ cm⁻³ have been achieved as well as layers doped over a wide n-type (nitrogen) and p-type (aluminium) range.

Furthermore the status of numerical process simulation is mentioned and SiC substrate preparation is described. In order to get flat and damage free epi-ready surfaces, they are prepared by different methods and characterised by atomic force microscopy and by scanning electron microscope using channelling patterns. For the investigation of defects in SiC high purity CVD layers are grown. The improvement of the quality of bulk crystal substrates by micropipe healing and so-called dislocation stop layers can further decrease the defect density and thus increase the yield and performance of devices. Due to its high growth rate functionality and scope for the use of multi-wafer equipment hot-wall CVD has become a well-established method in SiC-technology and has therefore great industrial potential.     

Computational modeling of SiC epitaxial growth in a hot wall reactor

A computational model for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon carbide (SiC) in a hot-wall reactor is developed, where the susceptor is tapered with a rectangular cross-section. The present work focuses on the advection–diffusion-reaction process in the susceptor. The precursors are propane and silane, and the carrier gas is hydrogen with mass fraction higher than 99%. Computed growth rates under different system pressures and precursor concentrations are compared to the experimental data measured on samples grown in the Linköping CVD reactor. The gas composition distribution in the susceptor and the growth rate profile on the susceptor floor are shown and analyzed. Dependence of the growth rate on precursor concentrations is investigated. It is demonstrated that the growth rate of SiC may either be carbon transport limited or silicon controlled, depending on the input carbon-to-silicon ratio.     

SiC单晶生长热力学和动力学的研究

升华法生长大直径碳化硅(SiC)单晶一直是近年来国内外研究的重点,本文对Si-C系中的Si,Si2,Si3,C,C2,C3,C4,C5,SiC,Si2C,SiC2等气相物种的热力学平衡过程进行了研究,发现SiC生长体系中的主要物种为Si,Si2C,SiC2.生长初期Si的分压较高,从而SiC生长为富硅生长模式.对外加气体进行研究发现,氩气为最好的外加气体,它既可以有效地抑制Si物质流传输,又可以减缓扩散系数随温度升高而递减的趋势.建立了简单一维传输模型,对三个主要物种的动力学输运过程进行了研究,计算得到了两个温度梯度下的主要物种的物质流密度.     

Nonstoichiometry and nanocrystallization of silicon-rich silicon carbide deposited by chemical vapor deposition

Silicon carbide (SiC) deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from methyltrichlorosilane (MTS)/H₂ was often found to be silicon-rich and micro- or nanocrystalline. We address here the question whether the excess silicon would be localized inside the small SiC crystals contained in the deposit or not. We performed semi-empirical total energy calculations and free energy estimations which show that excess Si atoms should not be localized inside a finite SiC crystal. This is essentially due to the difference between the Si---Si and Si---C σ overlaps of sp³ hybrids for a given nearest-neighbor distance. Comparison of a crystallographic equation with experimental results from CVD materials suggests that the SiC nanocrystals be of maximum size allowing all excess Si atoms to be localized at the border of the crystals, provided that there are no Si crystals in the deposited material.     

氩气对直流弧光放电PCVD金刚石薄膜晶体特征的影响

本文采用自主研制的直流弧光放电等离子体CVD设备,在YG6硬质合金基体上进行了不同氩气流量下金刚石薄膜的制备研究.采用SEM对金刚石薄膜的晶体特征进行了观察.结果表明,氩气对直流弧光放电等离子体CVD金刚石薄膜的晶体特征有明显影响.在CH_4/H_2恒定时(0.8;),硬质合金基体上制备的金刚石薄膜表面形貌随Ar流量增加而变化的规律,即从以(111)八面体晶面为主→(111)和(100)立方八面体混杂晶面→以(100)立方体晶面为主→菜花状的顺序转变;当Ar流量为420～700 mL/min时,金刚石晶粒的平均尺寸由1.5 μm 逐步增大到7 μm;Ar流量为700～910 mL/min时,金刚石晶粒的平均尺寸由7 μm急剧减小到纳米尺度,约50 nm.     

Formation and Structure of Cluster-Included Carbon Nanocapsules Prepared by Polymer Pyrolysis

Abstract

Formation of carbon nanocapsules with various clusters (SiC, Au, Fe. Co. Ge. and GeO₂) by polymer pyrolysis was investigated, and nanocapsules with SiC and Au nanoparticles were produced by thermal decomposition of polyvinyl alcohol at ?500°C in Ar gas atmosphere. The formation mechanism of nanocapsules and a structural model for the nanocapsule/SiC interface were proposed. In addition, carbon clusters were formed at the surface of carbon nanocapsules, and carbon onions were produced by electron irradiation of amorphous carbon produced from polyvinyl alcohol. The present work indicates that the pyrolysis of polymer materials with clusters is a useful fabrication method for the mass-production of carbon nanocapsules and onions at low temperatures compared to the ordinaly are discharge method.