Frobenius splitting and geometry of G-Schubert varieties

Let X be an equivariant embedding of a connected reductive group G over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic. Let B denote a Borel subgroup of G. A G-Schubert variety in X is a subvariety of the form diag(G)⋅V, where V is a B×B-orbit closure in X. In the case where X is the wonderful compactification of a group of adjoint type, the G-Schubert varieties are the closures of Lusztig's G-stable pieces. We prove that X admits a Frobenius splitting which is compatible with all G-Schubert varieties. Moreover, when X is smooth, projective and toroidal, then any G-Schubert variety in X admits a stable Frobenius splitting along an ample divisors. Although this indicates that G-Schubert varieties have nice singularities we present an example of a nonnormal G-Schubert variety in the wonderful compactification of a group of type G₂. Finally we also extend the Frobenius splitting results to the more general class of R-Schubert varieties.     

Varieties birationally isomorphic to affine <Emphasis Type="Italic">G</Emphasis>-varieties

Let a linear algebraic group G act on an algebraic variety X. Classification of all these actions, in particular birational classification, is of great interest. A complete classification related to Galois cohomologies of the group G was established. Another important question is reducibility, in some sense, of this action to an action of G on an affine variety. It has been shown that if the stabilizer of a typical point under the action of a reductive group G on a variety X is reductive, then X is birationally isomorphic to an affine variety [`(X)] \bar X with stable action of G. In this paper, I show that if a typical orbit of the action of G is quasiaffine, then the variety X is birationally isomorphic to an affine variety [`(X)] \bar X .     

Compact Kähler quotients of algebraic varieties and Geometric Invariant Theory

Given an action of a complex reductive Lie group G on a normal variety X, we show that every analytically Zariski-open subset of X admitting an analytic Hilbert quotient with projective quotient space is given as the set of semistable points with respect to some G-linearised Weil divisor on X. Applying this result to Hamiltonian actions on algebraic varieties, we prove that semistability with respect to a momentum map is equivalent to GIT-semistability in the sense of Mumford and Hausen. It follows that the number of compact momentum map quotients of a given algebraic Hamiltonian G-variety is finite. As further corollary we derive a projectivity criterion for varieties with compact Kähler quotient.     

Index reduction formulas for twisted flag varieties, I.

A general formula is proved for the change in the Schur index of a central simple algebra on passing from the ground field F to the function field F(X) of a twisted flag variety X, i.e., a projective variety such that there is an adjoint semisimple algebraic group G acting on X over F such that the action becomes transitive over the separable closure of F. The general formula encompasses special cases previously proved where X is a Brauer-Severi variety, or a generic partial splitting variety of a central simple algebra, or the transfer of such a variety, a quadric, or the involution variety of an algebra with orthogonal involution. For the classical simple groups G of inner type, all the corresponding varieties X are described, and the specific index reduction formula is given for each such X.The second author would like to express his thanks to J.-L. Colliot-Thélène for stimulating discussions on this subject.Supported in part by the NSF.     

Algebraic density property of homogeneous spaces

Let X be an affine algebraic variety with a transitive action of the algebraic automorphism group. Suppose that X is equipped with several fixed point free nondegenerate SL₂-actions satisfying some mild additional assumption. Then we prove that the Lie algebra generated by completely integrable algebraic vector fields on X coincides with the space of all algebraic vector fields. In particular, we show that apart from a few exceptions this fact is true for any homogeneous space of form G/R where G is a linear algebraic group and R is a closed proper reductive subgroup of G.     

Equivariant autoequivalences for finite group actions

The familiar Fourier-Mukai technique can be extended to an equivariant setting where a finite group G acts on a smooth projective variety X. In this paper we compare the group of invariant autoequivalences Aut(DbG(X)) with the group of autoequivalences of DG(X). We apply this method in three cases: Hilbert schemes on K3 surfaces, Kummer surfaces and canonical quotients.     

Functional equations of spherical functions on p-adic homogeneous spaces

LetG be a connected reductive linear algebraic group andX aG-homogeneous affine algebraic variety both defined over a p-adic field k, where we assume a minimalk-parabolic subgroup ofG acts with open orbit. We are interested in spherical functions onX =X(k). In the present papaer, we give a unified method to obtain functional equations of spherical functions on X under the condition (AF) in the introduction, and explain functional equations are reduced to those ofp-adic local zeta functions of small prehomogeneous vector spaces of limited type.     

On the conormal bundle of a G-stable subvariety

Let G be a reductive algebraic group and X a smooth G-variety. For a smooth locally closed G-stable subvariety M⊂X, we prove that the G-complexity of the (co)normal bundle of M is equal to the G-complexity of X. In particular, if X is spherical, then all (co)normal bundles are again spherical G-varieties. If X is a G-module with finitely many orbits, the closures of the conormal bundles of the orbits coincide with the irreducible components of the commuting variety. We describe properties of these closures for the representations associated with short gradings of simple Lie algebras. Received: 22 April 1998     

A vanishing theorem for differential operators in positive characteristic

Let X be a smooth variety over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic p, and let F: X → X be the Frobenius morphism. We prove that if X is an incidence variety (a partial flag variety in type A _n ) or a smooth quadric (in this case p is supposed to be odd) then Hⁱ( X,End( \sfF_*O_X ) ) = 0 {H^i}\left( {X,\mathcal{E}nd\left( {{\sf{F}_*}{\mathcal{O}_X}} \right)} \right) = 0 for i > 0. Using this vanishing result and the derived localization theorem for crystalline differential operators [3], we show that the Frobenius direct image \sfF_*O_X {\sf{F}_*}{\mathcal{O}_X} is a tilting bundle on these varieties provided that p > h, the Coxeter number of the corresponding group.     

Topology of Hom complexes and test graphs for bounding chromatic number

The Hom complex of homomorphisms between two graphs was originally introduced to provide topological lower bounds on the chromatic number. In this paper we introduce new methods for understanding the topology of Hom complexes, mostly in the context of Γ-actions on graphs and posets (for some group Γ). We view the Hom(T, ⊙) and Hom(⊙, G) complexes as functors from graphs to posets, and introduce a functor (⊙)¹ from posets to graphs obtained by taking atoms as vertices. Our main structural results establish useful interpretations of the equivariant homotopy type of Hom complexes in terms of spaces of equivariant poset maps and Γ-twisted products of spaces. When P:= F(X) is the face poset of a simplicial complex X, this provides a useful way to control the topology of Hom complexes. These constructions generalize those of the second author from [17] as well as the calculation of the homotopy groups of Hom complexes from [8].     

Central extensions of gauge groups revisited

We present an explicit construction for the central extension of the group Map(X, G) where X is a compact manifold and G is a Lie group. If X is a complex curve we obtain a simple construction of the extension by the Picard variety Pic(X). The construction is easily adapted to the extension of Aut(E), the gauge group of automorphisms of a nontrivial vector bundle E.     

Torus quotients of homogeneous spaces — minimal dimensional Schubert varieties admitting semi-stable points

In this paper, for any simple, simply connected algebraic group G of type B,C or D and for any maximal parabolic subgroup P of G, we describe all minimal dimensional Schubert varieties in G/P admitting semistable points for the action of a maximal torus T with respect to an ample line bundle on G/P. We also describe, for any semi-simple simply connected algebraic group G and for any Borel subgroup B of G, all Coxeter elements τ for which the Schubert variety X(τ) admits a semistable point for the action of the torus T with respect to a non-trivial line bundle on G/B.     

Toute variété magnifique est sphérique

LetG be a (connected) reductive group (over C). An algebraicG-varietyX is called “wonderful”, if the following conditions are satisfied:X is (connected) smooth and complete;X containsr irreducible smoothG-invariant divisors having a non void transversal intersection;G has 2 ^r orbits inX. We show that wonderful varieties are necessarily spherical (i.e., they are almost homogeneous under any Borel subgroup ofG).      

Simple immersions of wonderful varieties

Let G be a semisimple connected linear algebraic group over , and X a wonderful G-variety. We study the possibility of realizing X as a closed subvariety of the projective space of a simple G-module. We describe the wonderful varieties having this property as well as the linear systems giving rise to such immersions. We also prove that any ample line bundle on a wonderful variety is very ample. Research supported by European Research Training Network LIEGRITS (MRTN-CT 2003- 505078), in contract with CNRS DR17, No 2.     

Wild automorphisms of varieties with Kodaira dimension 0

An automorphism σ of a projective variety X is said to be wild if σ(Y) ≠ Y for every non-empty subvariety Y \subsetneq X{Y \subsetneq X} . In [1] Z. Reichstein, D. Rogalski, and J.J. Zhang conjectured that if X is an irreducible projective variety admitting a wild automorphism then X is an abelian variety, and proved this conjecture for dim(X) ≤ 2. As a step toward answering this conjecture in higher dimensions we prove a structure theorem for projective varieties of Kodaira dimension 0 admitting wild automorphisms. This essentially reduces the Kodaira dimension 0 case to a study of Calabi-Yau varieties, which we also investigate. In support of this conjecture, we show that there are no wild automorphisms of certain Calabi-Yau varieties.     

Two cancellative commutative congruences and group diagrams

Remmers (Adv. Math. 36:283–296, 1980) uses group diagrams in the Euclidean plane to demonstrate how equality in a semigroup S “mirrors” that inside the group G sharing the same presentation with S, when S satisfies Adyan’s condition—no cycles in the left/right graphs of the semigroup’s presentation. Goldstein and Teymouri (Semigroup Forum 47:299–304, 1993) introduce a conjugacy equivalence relation for semigroups S. By closely examining the geometry of annular group diagrams in the plane, they show how their equivalence relation mirrors conjugacy inside G, for S satisfying Adyan’s. In this article we introduce two cancellative commutative congruences. Following their leads, we examine the geometry of group diagrams on closed surfaces of higher genera to demonstrate how these congruences mirror equality inside two naturally associated Abelian quotient groups G/[G,G] and G/G ², respectively. In these instances we can drop Adyan’s condition.     

G‐invariant persistent homology

Classical persistent homology is a powerful mathematical tool for shape comparison. Unfortunately, it is not tailored to study the action of transformation groups that are different from the group Homeo(X) of all self‐homeomorphisms of a topological space X. This fact restricts its use in applications. In order to obtain better lower bounds for the natural pseudo‐distance d_G associated with a group G ? Homeo(X), we need to adapt persistent homology and consider G‐invariant persistent homology. Roughly speaking, the main idea consists in defining persistent homology by means of a set of chains that is invariant under the action of G. In this paper, we formalize this idea and prove the stability of the persistent Betti number functions in G‐invariant persistent homology with respect to the natural pseudo‐distance d_G. We also show how G‐invariant persistent homology could be used in applications concerning shape comparison, when the invariance group is a proper subgroup of the group of all self‐homeomorphisms of a topological space. In this paper, we will assume that the space X is triangulable, in order to guarantee that the persistent Betti number functions are finite without using any tameness assumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A rigidity theorem for automorphism groups of trees

A group G is called unsplittable if Hom(G, ℤ) = 0 and this group is not a non-trivial amalgam. Let X be a tree with a countable number of edges incident at each vertex and G be its automorphism group. In this paper we prove that the vertex stabilizers are unsplittable groups. Bass and Lubotzky proved (see [3]) that for certain locally finite trees X, the automorphism group determines the tree X (that is, knowing the automorphism group we can “construct” the tree X). We generalize this Theorem of Bass and Lubotzky, using the above result. In particular we show that the Theorem holds even for trees which are not locally finite. Moreover, we prove that the permutation group of an infinite countable set is unsplittable and the infinite (or finite) cartesian product of unsplittable groups is an unsplittable group as well. This research was supported by the European Social Fund and National resources-EPEAEK II grant Pythagoras 70/3/7298.     

Divisibility Graph for Symmetric and Alternating Groups

Let X be a nonempty set of positive integers and X* = X?{1}. The divisibility graph D(X) has X* as the vertex set, and there is an edge connecting a and b with a, b ∈ X* whenever a divides b or b divides a. Let X = cs(G) be the set of conjugacy class sizes of a group G. In this case, we denote D(cs(G)) by D(G). In this paper, we will find the number of connected components of D(G) where G is the symmetric group S _n or is the alternating group A _n .     

Biplanes with flag-transitive automorphism groups of almost simple type,with exceptional socle of Lie type

In this paper we prove that there is no biplane admitting a flag-transitive automorphism group of almost simple type, with exceptional socle of Lie type. A biplane is a (v,k,2)-symmetric design, and a flag is an incident point-block pair. A group G is almost simple with socle X if X is the product of all the minimal normal subgroups of G, and X⊴G≤Aut (G). Throughout this work we use the classification of finite simple groups, as well as results from P.B. Kleidman’s Ph.D. thesis which have not been published elsewhere.