单轴晶体微粒光致旋转理论模型

为实现单轴晶体微粒的高精度、可操控旋转,利用偏振光与单轴晶体微粒的相互作用来实现光致旋转.基于晶体波动光学理论,考虑影响单轴晶体微粒旋转角速度的主要因素(晶体微粒的厚度和半径、单轴晶体光轴与晶面的夹角、光束在晶面的反射率和透射率、光束振幅比和位相差、激光功率等),推导出正晶体和负晶体微粒旋转角速度的一般公式.并就各种影响因素分别对正、负晶体中具有代表性的CaCO3和SiO2晶体微粒进行了模拟分析,所得到的晶体微粒旋转频率与激光功率成正比,与现有文献的实验结果一致,证明了该理论模型的合理性.依据理论分析结果,选用半径和厚度均为1~3μm的CaCO3晶体微粒作为机械转子,对单轴晶体微粒光致旋转应用于微机械转子进行优化设计,提高了微机械转子的旋转频率.研究结果为晶体转子的选材和光驱动微机械马达的设计提供了更加精确合理的理论支持.     

圆偏振涡旋光致非轴向自旋和轨道运动研究

为了实现粒子的非轴向旋转操控,对圆偏振涡旋光的光致旋转特性进行了研究。理论上,利用T矩阵理论,计算光场作用于微粒的光力和力矩,分析圆偏振涡旋光场中自旋角动量和轨道角动量的取向对非轴向旋转效应的影响。研究结果表明：当轨道角动量和自旋角动量的方向相同时,粒子除受轨道矩和轴向自旋矩作用外,还受一个可观的横向自旋矩作用,可以诱导粒子同时做轨道和非轴向自旋运动;当轨道角动量和自旋角动量方向相反,则粒子受到的横向自旋矩难以驱动其做非轴向自旋运动。实验上,利用全息光镊系统捕获微米尺度的粒子,观察到粒子做轨道运动时的非轴向自旋现象,对理论研究结果进行了初步验证。     

高斯波束致微粒旋转的理论研究

基于偏振光波是左旋光子与右旋光子组成的, 从广义米理论出发, 得出了偏振高斯波束对球形粒子的辐射俘获力和力矩的表示式. 分析了微粒在圆偏振高斯波束照射时产生两种不同旋转的原因, 并结合光子的量子特性进行了解释. 对圆偏振高斯波束中粒子的两种力矩进行了数值模拟, 讨论了粒子半径、折射率、吸收系数和束腰半径对力矩及光致旋转的影响. 关键词： 光致旋转 力矩 高斯波束 光子     

利用光镊技术演示光的自旋角动量

阐述了光与物体相互作用时自旋角动量的传递与扭力矩原理.基于光镊光致旋转原理,利用能够悬浮单个粒子的光镊技术并采用具有双折射特性的CaCO3晶体粒子,设计了微粒在不同偏振光场中的旋转运动实验内容,研究光与双折射晶体粒子相互作用产生的光致旋转效应,观察和测量由自旋角动量引起粒子的扭转力矩的大小、方向以及旋转速度等力学效应.     

光致异构全光逻辑门理论与实验研究

基于双光抽运探测模型，利用偶氮苯聚合物光致异构和光致双折射效应，建立了全光逻辑门的理论分析模型，提出了一种新颖的全光逻辑门设计方案.该方案基于输入抽运光和信号光的强度或偏振态，设计了“与”门、“或”门、“异或”门和“异或非”门等基本功能的全光逻辑门.以掺杂分散红1(DR1)的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)薄膜为样品进行实验，得到了比较好的逻辑门运算实验结果，与理论分析相符合.     

快速响应的光致折射率改变效应的实验研究

在LiNbO₃∶Fe晶体薄片中观察到快速响应（<0.1s）、各向同性、并具有信息存储功能的一种光致折射率改变效应.基于它的特征及其与光折变效应的区别，初步讨论了产生该效应的物理机理. 关键词： 光致折射率改变效应 光折变效应 热释电效应     

光致温度场光镊：原理及生物医学应用

面向生物粒子操控方法的研究,在生物医学和生命科学等领域具有重要意义。光镊操控具有无接触与高精度的特点,已被广泛应用于多个领域的研究中。然而,传统光镊的光热效应以及衍射极限都制约着光镊在生物医学领域的更广泛应用和发展。近十年来,研究者们将光热效应化劣势为优势,利用光与热的耦合效应实现了多种粒子的精确捕获及操控,即光致温度场光镊（OTFT）。由于此种新型光镊对光能的利用率极高,能量密度低于传统光镊近3个数量级,并可实现颗粒的大范围操控,极大地拓展了光镊可操控粒子的种类,已经成为纳米技术以及生命科学领域的重要研究工具。温度场光镊仍面临诸多问题,例如对于颗粒界面调控的依赖性以及三维捕获受限等,尤其是在生物光子学的研究中,还需要进一步发展和优化。本文对光致温度场光镊操控基本原理及其在生物医学中的应用两个方面进行了系统阐述,并对其今后的发展与挑战进行了展望。     

菌紫质光致各向异性动力学的理论和实验

对菌紫质(Bacteriorhodopsin,BR)薄膜的光致各向异性特性进行了理论模拟.由随机取向的极性BR分子构成的聚合物薄膜在宏观上是各向同性的,但在线偏振光的作用下,BR分子对激发光的选择性吸收,导致不同异构体分子取向的不均匀分布,从而使BR薄膜在宏观上呈现出各向异性.利用BR光循环的二能级模型,得到了B态分子取向分布随时间的变化关系,推导出了BR薄膜光致各向异性动力学的数学表达式,模拟了不同激发光强下BR薄膜的光致各向异性动力学曲线,得到了和实验结果一致的计算结果.     

易解石族矿物的Raman光谱和光致发光谱研究

测定并讨论了中国白云鄂博矿区变生及退火晶态易解石族矿物Ｒａｍａｎ光谱和光致发光谱,与退火晶质矿物相比,变生态易解石的Ｒａｍａｎ光谱和光致发光谱的强度降低,谱线宽化弥散,说明在变生过程中,矿物的结构发生畸变,元素分布趋于无序。分析表明,易解石族矿物在５１４．５ｎｍ激光激发下的所有光致发光谱峰均出自Ｎｄ＾３＋的辐射跃迁。     

MO磁光薄膜的光致局域热研究

以激光照射下TbFeCo四层结构为例,通过体积功率函数g的纵向分布,分析了MO盘片各层的光能吸收情况.借助有限元方法对热扩散方程进行数值运算,给出了多层膜膜体温度的时空分布,分析了各层中的热扩散情况.通过对影响热磁记录的激光功率、激光照射时间和表面热流速率γ等因素的研究,给出了适合研究体系的激光功率、激光照射时间和表面热流速率.旨在通过TbFeCo这一特例的热学分析,为其它的光盘(如DVD-ROM)的热学研究提供借鉴. 关键词：     

Experimental and theoretical study of the transient rotation of isotropic transparent microparticles in astigmatic optical tweezers

Micrometer-sized rod-like non-birefringent transparent particles trapped by an astigmatic laser beam having elliptical intensity profile spontaneously rotate until they become aligned with the major axis of the beam cross-section. The observed rotation confirms a simple picture based on orbital angular momentum transfer from the light beam to the trapped particle. A model which regards the particle as a thin cylindrical lens with effective focal lengths f₁ and f₂ has allowed to calculate the applied optical torque and, hence, the time law governing the particle alignment. The time evolution of the particle alignment is studied for different rod-like particles by analysing the sequence of frames recorded by a CCD camera. The time evolution of the angle formed between the main axes of the body and the laser shape results in good agreement with the theory for bodies fully immersed in the spot size of the laser. Discrepancies observed for rod-like particles longer than the minor elliptical axis of the beam cross-section, were removed by developing a more general model taking into account the partial overlapping between the body and the laser profile.     

Rotation of single live mammalian cells using dynamic holographic optical tweezers

We report on a method for rotating single mammalian cells about an axis perpendicular to the optical system axis through the imaging plane using dynamic holographic optical tweezers (HOTs). Two optical traps are created on the opposite edges of a mammalian cell and are continuously transitioned through the imaging plane along the circumference of the cell in opposite directions, thus providing the torque to rotate the cell in a controlled fashion. The method enables a complete 360° rotation of live single mammalian cells with spherical or near-to spherical shape in 3D space, and represents a useful tool suitable for the single cell analysis field, including tomographic imaging.     

Letter: Rotation of the Universe and the Angular Momenta of Celestial Bodies

We discuss the equation of motion of the rotating homogenous and isotropic model of the Universe. We show that the model predicts the presence of a minimum in the relation between the mass of an astronomical object and its angular momentum. We show that this relation appears to be universal, and we predict the masses of structures with minimal angular momenta in agreement with observations. In such a manner we suggest the possibility at acquirement of angular momenta of celestial bodies during their formation from the global rotation of the Universe.     

多棱锥镜产生多光束干涉场的理论和实验研究

提出了一种使用多棱锥镜和多棱台镜产生多束相干光形成二维和三维光学格子的方法。理论分析和数值模拟了多束轴对称平面波干涉产生的二维及三维点阵结构的特性,得到了光场分布随光束数增加的关系,发现随着干涉光数目的增加,干涉场会复杂变化,当棱锥棱数足够多近似于一个圆锥时,干涉场会变为同心圆结构的贝塞尔光束的场分布。实验上使用多棱锥和多棱台镜进行了多光束干涉实验,得到了多束轴对称平面波干涉形成的光学格子,将数值模拟与实验结果进行了比较,二者完全吻合。     

用光学方法研究玻璃微珠电流变液颗粒间的相互作用

运用一套适合研究颗粒间相互作用的双光镊系统,通过对粒聚集时间的测量,得出颗粒聚集时间和电场的平方成反比。这是第一次用电流变液颗粒在动态情况下直接验证电偶极子对间的相互作用。发展了一套使用高速CCD摄像机进行扩散波谱（DWS）测量的方法,首次实时测量具有颗粒结构的非各态历经体系的自相关函数,以研究电流变液机理,得到了玻璃微珠电流变液的结构响应时间和力和响应时间;测量了不同电场下体系相关函数的特征衰减时间随时间的变化。在不同电场下测量扩散系数可以反映出相互作用力与电场的平方成正比。     

Dynamics of rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates and its efficient computation

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) based on the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations (CGPEs) with an angular momentum rotation term and an external driving field, and propose an efficient and accurate method for numerical simulations. We prove the conservation of the angular momentum expectation, derive the dynamic laws for the density of each component and condensate widths, and analyze the dynamics of a stationary state with its center shifted from the trap center. By formulating the CGPEs in either 2D (two-dimensional) polar coordinate or 3D cylindrical coordinate system, the angular momentum rotation term becomes a term with constant coefficients. This allows us to develop an efficient time-splitting method which is time reversible, time transverse invariant, unconditionally stable, efficient and accurate for the problem. Moreover, it conserves the total position density in the discretized level. The numerical method is applied to verify our analytical results and study the dynamics of quantized vortex lattices in rotating two-component BEC with/without an external driving field.     

Hawking Radiation of Charged Particles from a Rotating Black String

Using Damour-Ruffini method, Hawking radiation of rotating black strings is studied. Under the condition that the total energy, total angular momentum and total charge are conservative, the transition probability from initial state (energy M+ω, charge Q+e and angular momentum J+m) to final state (energy M, charge Q and angular momentum J) for black strings is derived considering the reaction of radiation particles to spacetime. That is, the probability that black strings radiate particles with energy ω, charge e and angular momentum m is obtained. The real spectrum is not a strictly pure thermal spectrum. Our result is consistent with Parikh and Wilczek’s result. It satisfies the unitary principle of quantum mechanics. However, in our result there are not only the term that denotes effect of energy and charge of radiation particles but also the term that denotes effect of radiation particles angular momentum on rotating black strings angular momentum. We provide a new way for investigating radiation of black strings.     

Some remarks on the angular momenta of galaxies, their clusters and superclusters

We discuss the relation between angular momenta and masses of galaxy structures base on the Li model of the universe with global rotation. In our previous paper [15] it was shown that the model predicts the presence of a minimum in this relation. In the present paper we discuss observational evidence allowing us to verify this relation. We find null angular momentum J = 0 for the masses corresponding to the groups mass of the galaxy, and non-vanishing angular momenta for other galactic structures. We check these theoretical predictions analysing Tullys galaxy groups. The existing data comparing alignment in different galactic structures are consistent with the obtained theoretical relation J(M) if we interpret the growing alignment as the galactic increasing angular momenta in the galactic structure.This revised version was published online in April 2005. The publishing date was inserted.     

旋光性非共线型AOTF温漂及波长修正策略

现有声光可调谐滤光器(AOTF)调谐关系大多忽略旋光性影响,忽略旋光性将影响声光滤波器的准确设计,并会进一步影响其滤波性能,故推导了旋光率与衍射波长之间的关系,进而得到考虑旋光性的AOTF衍射频率-波长调谐关系;针对AOTF衍射波长在不同温度下存在温漂,因此影响AOTF的光谱分辨率,从温度影响超声声速出发,分析得到AOTF衍射波长在不同温度下与驱动频率的关系,提出在不同温度下采用频率修正的方式跟踪衍射波长。根据考虑旋光性推导所得AOTF调谐关系、考虑到实时跟踪温度、频繁变换驱动频率容易对系统造成破环,影响使用效率,因此采用10 ℃为一个温度段,在一个温度段内根据中间温度使用一个驱动频率对AOTF进行调控,每一温度段有相应的驱动频率-衍射波长对应关系,叙述了具体的实现办法,并做了相应的实验验证。实验表明,通过频率修正之后在相应温度下得到的衍射波长,与普通室温未修正频率下得到的衍射波长相比,前者与目标波长更相近,误差减小一个数量级。为AOTF在不同温度下的高精度光谱测量提供了重要的依据,具有重要的实用价值。