旋转圆柱目标的动态散斑统计特性(英)

高斯光束照射以固定角速度旋转的粗糙圆柱体表面,反射空间形成随着被测表面运动变化的动态散斑。研究了照射面积大于圆柱曲面条件下在远场衍射区形成的动态散斑统计特性,得到了不同入射条件及不同圆柱时动态散斑强度起伏空间-时间归一化相关函数。结果表明:随着圆柱半径、旋转速度以及照射光斑有效面积的增大,动态散斑强度起伏相关性快速减小;当圆柱旋转速度恒定,动态散斑光强起伏相关函数的峰值随着探测点之间距离的增大而减小,但峰值的位置随之而增大;在近似点照射情况下随着圆柱半径的增大空间相关长度基本不变,而相关时间性明显增大。     

Statistical property of dynamic speckles produced by a rotating cylinder object

高斯光束照射以固定角速度旋转的粗糙圆柱体表面,反射空间形成随着被测表面运动变化的动态散斑.研究了照射面积大于圆柱曲面条件下在远场衍射区形成的动态散斑统计特性,得到了不同入射条件及不同圆柱时动态散斑强度起伏空间-时间归一化相关函数.结果表明:随着圆柱半径、旋转速度以及照射光斑有效面积的增大,动态散斑强度起伏相关性快速减小;当圆柱旋转速度恒定,动态散斑光强起伏相关函数的峰值随着探测点之间距离的增大而减小,但峰值的位置随之而增大;在近似点照射情况下随着圆柱半径的增大空间相关长度基本不变,而相关时间性明显增大.     

经成像系统二次调制的动态散斑的空时相关性质

高斯光束经位于成像系统共轭面的两个散射体(其中一个是恒速运动)后,在距像面为菲涅尔区的观测面上形成了串级动态散斑场.理论分析和实验测量结果均表明,这种动态散斑的空-时相关函数与一次散射形成的动态散斑相比,对散射体的运动十分敏感,但其时间相关长度与速度的倒数仍然保持线性关系.     

高斯光束照射下的Vander Lugt相关器的特性研究

针对特定目标图像,定量分析了在Vander Lugt相关器中照明光束为高斯光束时输出相关峰值随高斯光束特性参量的变化情况。结果表明,输出相关峰值随高斯光束腰斑半径的减小和输入场景中目标位置偏离高斯光束中心距离的增加而减小。为了得到高的输出相关峰值,由扩束准直光学系统输出的高斯光束腰斑半径应满足一定的要求。     

双散射光合成场动态散斑的统计性质

本文研究了在两束高斯光束照明条件下,由旋转散射体产生的双散射光合成的远场动态散斑的统计性质.这种动态散斑的统计性质由它的强度涨落的空-时相关函数描述.文中推导了这个函数的解析表达式,并采用了光子计算及光子相关技术,从实验上证实了这个表达式的正确性.     

拉盖尔-高斯光束照射产生散斑场的特性研究

研究了拉盖尔-高斯光束照射毛玻璃产生的散斑场的特性。利用空间光调制器结合计算全息法产生了拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束;较深入地研究了拉盖尔-高斯光束照射下散斑大小与光束径向指数、角向指数及涡旋光束面积间的关系。结果显示:对同一径向指数,散斑颗粒平均大小随角向指数的增大呈直线减小趋势;对同一角向指数,散斑大小随径向指数的增大而减小;散斑大小与涡旋光束照射面积的负指数成正比;随径向指数的增大,其逐渐接近高斯光束照射的结果。     

高斯谢尔光束通过湍流大气漫射目标的散射统计(英文)

基于广义惠更斯菲涅耳原理分析了高斯谢尔光束通过湍流大气漫射目标的散射统计特性。假定相位结构函数起主导作用,根据高斯谢尔光束的交叉密度函数,推导了散斑场的互相干函数表达式,进而得出接收面处的散斑尺寸大小和强湍流起伏的时延协方差函数表达式。数值分析了源相干长度、波长、湍流强度对互相干函数的影响。对理想漫射目标,接收面的散斑尺寸大小由束腰宽度、源相干长度和湍流强度确定,随着湍流强度的增加,散斑尺寸变小;在弱湍流区,散斑尺寸由源相干长度决定,当湍流增强时,散斑尺寸大小逐渐趋于一致。     

高斯谢尔光束通过湍流大气漫射目标的散射统计

基于广义惠更斯菲涅耳原理分析了高斯谢尔光束通过湍流大气漫射目标的散射统计特性。假定相位结构函数起主导作用,根据高斯谢尔光束的交叉密度函数,推导了散斑场的互相干函数表达式,进而得出接收面处的散斑尺寸大小和强湍流起伏的时延协方差函数表达式。数值分析了源相干长度、波长、湍流强度对互相干函数的影响。对理想漫射目标,接收面的散斑尺寸大小由束腰宽度、源相干长度和湍流强度确定,随着湍流强度的增加,散斑尺寸变小;在弱湍流区,散斑尺寸由源相干长度决定,当湍流增强时,散斑尺寸大小逐渐趋于一致。     

散斑位移量与照明激光束特性关系的实验研究

激光照射到粗糙物体的表面会形成激光散斑，散斑随物体的运动而运动，特别是物体在自身平面内运动时散斑的同步运动比较显著，因此可以用这一现象测物体的微小位移，散斑运动规律与照明光束的特性有关，本文通过实验研究了不同光束照明下散斑位移的规律，验证了散斑位移理论，并指出散斑位移测量中应注意的问题。     

微粗糙圆柱的各向异性散斑特性研究

分析了高斯光束照射微粗糙圆柱在菲涅尔衍射区形成的散斑图像统计特性,给出了强度起伏自相关函数与表面曲率及粗糙程度等参数之间的关系.根据强度起伏自相关函数的离散化定义,实验并计算了圆柱轴向与径向结构有差异情况下的散斑强度起伏相关函数.结果表明,对于C1和C2圆柱沿垂直于圆柱轴向的散斑尺寸变长,强度起伏自相关函数沿平行和垂直于圆柱轴两个方向的波动相差较大;对于C3和C4圆柱两个方向上的散射特性基本相同;测量C1和C3的结果表明,散斑尺寸和形状依赖于圆柱表面的皱褶和圆柱表面曲率两个因素.研究结果对于如柱型管道、轴承等方面的机械制造的质量控制有重要的应用价值.     

Numerical Simulations on the Formation of Speckles in Nanofluids Illuminated by a TEM00 Laser Beam

On the basis of a Rayleigh scattering model for a single nanoparticle illuminated by a TEMoo laser beam, we theoretically and numerically study the speckle formation when nanofluids are illuminated by a TEMoo laser beam. The results show that the laser speckles possess a Gaussian distribution, which are in agreement with the experimental results. The results may be useful for using a laser speckle velocimetry to determine the velocitiies of nanoparticles in nanofluids.     

基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑新方案

针对惯性约束聚变装置中提高靶面辐照均匀性的要求, 提出了一种基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案, 其基本原理是利用光克尔介质和周期性高斯脉冲光束相互作用实现对激光束透射波前附加周期性的球面位相调制, 以周期性地改变激光束远场焦斑尺寸, 进而引起远场焦斑内部散斑的快速径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内抹平靶面焦斑的强度调制, 实现径向方向的光束匀滑. 通过建立基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑的理论模型, 分析了焦斑形态及其径向匀滑特性, 并讨论了光克尔介质的选取和径向扫动特性. 结果表明, 基于光克尔效应的径向光束匀滑方案可以有效地实现远场焦斑内部散斑的周期性径向扫动, 从而在积分时间内快速改善靶面辐照均匀性.     

Toward Defeating Diffraction and Randomness for Laser Beam Propagation in Turbulent Atmosphere

A large distance propagation in turbulent atmosphere results in disintegration of laser beam into speckles. We find that the most intense speckle approximately preserves both the Gaussian shape and the diameter of the initial collimated beam while loosing energy during propagation. One per 1000 of atmospheric realizations produces at 7 km distance an intense speckle above 28% of the initial power. Such optimal realizations create effective extended lenses focusing the intense speckle beyond the diffraction limit of vacuum propagation. Atmospheric realizations change every several milliseconds. We propose to use intense speckles to greatly increase the time-averaged power delivery to the target plane by triggering the pulsed laser operations only at times of optimal realizations. Resulting power delivery and laser irradiance at the intense speckles well exceeds both intensity of diffraction-limited beam and intensity averaged over typical realizations.     

用于超快束匀滑的动态波前调控新方案

提出了利用光克尔效应实现激光束波前动态调控,进而实现焦斑超快束匀滑(ps量级)的方案,其原理是利用抽运光动态改变光克尔介质的折射率分布,以对透射主激光束附加时空耦合的动态波前,进而使激光束在靶面的焦斑散斑产生更加快速、多样的变化,最终实现焦斑的超快束匀滑.当抽运光时间波形为高斯脉冲序列,且以小角度倾斜入射至光克尔介质时,由于抽运光和光克尔介质对主激光附加随时间横向移动的周期性球面相位,且球面相位的幅值随时间不断变化,因而可以同步实现激光束焦面散斑的横向和径向超快速扫动,从而更为有效地改善靶面辐照均匀性.     

Sampled-speckle photography for measurement of deformation

Speckles usually are of two kinds: laser speckle and white-light speckle. An additional kind, termed a sampled speckle, is proposed. Whereas laser speckles arise from multiple interference of light scattered from an object illuminated by a coherent laser beam and white-light speckles are a physically generated speckle pattern on the surface of the object, sampled speckles are generated as a result of the sampling of a digital image. The generation of these speckles and their application to displacement measurement are demonstrated.     

Propagation of cosh Gaussian laser beam in plasma with density ripple in relativistic – ponderomotive regime

Self-focusing of cosh Gaussian laser beam in plasma with periodic density ripple has been investigated. The pondermotive force on electron and the relativistic oscillation of the electron mass causes periodic self-focusing/defocusing of the cosh Gaussian laser beam. The beam converges in the region of high plasma density due to dominance of self-focusing effect over diffraction effect and diverges in the low density region. Non-linear partial differential equation governing the evolution of complex envelope in slowly varying approximation is solved using paraxial ray approximation. The variation of beam-width parameter is studied with distance of propagation for different values of ripple wave number d and decentred parameter b. In order to get strong self-focusing, wavelength and intensity parameters of cosh Gaussian laser beam are optimized.     

测量平板玻璃折射率实验中激光散斑削减方法的探究

本文描述了以激光为光源测量平板玻璃折射率实验中成像场产生散斑的现象,并获得了一种简单有效的散斑削减方法.理论上激光经过漫散体后产生微光束干涉场,利用统计学的规律,总结出了散斑元之间对比度的影响因素.实验中,选取动-静毛玻璃对作为削减器件,利用静止漫散体增加入射光的粗糙程度,通过缓慢旋转的运动漫散体,可将散斑对比度降为4%左右,使干涉条纹清晰可见.     

Specific features of speckle structure formed by dispersed laser beams

The geometry of statistical average of intensity speckles formed by a broadband dispersed laser beam spatially coherent in initial plane z = 0 is studied theoretically. A computer simulation was used to obtain two-dimensional distributions of random intensity that provide a clear picture of the transformations experienced by the speckle structure upon laser beam propagation. Correlation functions and power spectra of random intensity are calculated in order to determine the characteristic size and shape of speckles as a function of longitudinal coordinate z, the width and shape of the frequency spectrum, and the degree of dispersion of the light beam. Analytical expressions that describe an increase in the speckle size along the beam axis and in the direction of beam dispersion as a function of distance from the initial plane are obtained. The ultimate (at z → ∞) width of speckles in the direction of beam dispersion is calculated.     

Speckle size and decorrelation time; space-time correlation analysis of coherent light dynamically scattered from turbid media

We report on the dependence of the decorrelation time on the spatial intensity correlation of speckles generated in the far-field by back-scattered photons from turbid media. The effects contribute to an explanation of an earlier observation that the average Doppler width of the power spectrum of detector current fluctuations depends on the size of the illuminating laser beam. The space-time correlation of the speckles generated by a particle suspension illuminated by a collimated laser beam is analyzed from serial images taken by a high speed camera. It was found that larger spatial correlation distances, associated with large speckles, exhibit a slower temporal decorrelation.