Pore Structure Analysis of Porous Particles by Modelless and Micropore Method

The modelless (ML) and micropore (MP) methods for the pore structure analysis of porous particles have been studied. Concerning the ML method, it has been shown that the Kiselev equation can only be used to describe condensation and evaporation in capillaries, but cannot be used to describe the increase and decrease of the thickness of the adsorption layer. Strictly speaking, therefore, the ML method is not modelless even for the pore core size distribution. A comparison between the ML method and methods using an equivalent pore model is given. The results of using the ML method in conjunction with a certain pore model are little less accurate than those obtained by adopting the equivalent pore model straightaway. The parameters required for the calculation of both the pore core size and the pore size distribution as well as the conversion between these two calculations are given. Concerning the MP method, it has been shown that the three types of v-t curves, the theoretical foundation of the MP method, are not in one to one correspondance to the three kinds of adsorption mechanism. From the viewpoint of accuracy, the MP method has no advantage over the methods which are based on the condensation mechanism, both have their own merits.     

Fractal Analysis of Surface Roughness of Particles in Porous Media

A fractal dimension for roughness height （RH） is introduced to characterize the degree of roughness or disorder of particle surface characters which significantly influence physical-chimerical processes in porous media. An analytical expression for the fractal dimension of RH on statistically self-similar fractal surfaces is derived and is expressed as a function of roughness parameters. The specific surface area （SSA） of porous materials with spherical particles is also derived, and the proposed fractal model for the SSA of particles with rough surfaces is expressed as a function of fractal dimension for RH and fractal dimension for particle size distribution, relative roughness of particle surface, and ratio of the minimum to the maximum particle diameters of spherical particles.     

A Geometrical Model for Tortuosity of Tortuous Streamlines in Porous Media with Cylindrical Particles

We present a three-dimensional geometry model for tortuosity of streamlines in porous media with randomly placed cylindrical particles. The proposed model is expressed as functions of porosity and geometrical parameters with no empirical constant. This might be helpful for understanding the physical mechanism for tortuosity of streamlines in three-dimensional porous media. The model predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data available.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯微孔滤膜孔结构的扫描电镜图像解析

由拉伸法制得的膨体聚四氟乙烯(e PTFE)微孔滤膜,其孔结构与其他高分子材质膜截然不同.运用扫描电镜(SEM)图像解析方法描述纤维化的PTFE分子和相互连接的PTFE积聚分子结点,膜的孔性能分别以数字量化的参数: LF、WF、LN、WN、AN表示.测试结果与一般微孔滤膜常用泡压滤速法测定表示孔性能的表观密度和孔隙率有对应关系,说明SEM图像解析可作为表征e PTFE膜孔结构的方法之一.此外,图像解析还可显示原料PTFE分子量和机械操作中的拉伸比对生产的e PTFE膜孔结构的影响.     

Compressibility and Fractal Dimension of Fine Coal Particles in Relation to Pore Structure Characterisation Using Mercury Porosimetry

Mercury porosimetry has been applied to characterize the pore structure of fine coals particles. Interparticle voids and compressibility effects on the mercury intrusion data were examined. It is found that coal compressibility has a significant effect on mercury porosimetry data when pressure P>20 MPa. The compressibility of the two coals used was determined to be 3.13×10⁻¹⁰ m² N⁻¹ and 2.50×10⁻¹⁰ m² N⁻¹ for CA and GO coals, respectively. Fractal dimension analysis provides a “fingerprint” to distinguish the effect of coal compression from the pore filling process during mercury intrusion. It is shown that fractal dimension can be evaluated from the compressibility corrected pore volume data. Results from the present study suggest that statistic self-similarity of the fractal dimension perspective is limited by certain artificial effects, such as crushing and grinding. Different surface irregularities exist over different pore size ranges, and a single fractal dimension value can only be used to describe the surface irregularity within a limited pore size range. The average fractal dimensions in the pore size range of 6–60 nm were found to be 2.71 and 2.43 for CA and GO coals, respectively.     

Penetration of Waves and Particles through Porous Structures

The penetration of quantum and classical charged particles through porous films is investigated. The passage of quantum particles is analyzed by numerically solving the Schrödinger equation. The force of polarization acting on a charge is calculated by means of classical electrodynamics. The possibility of perforating thin films is analyzed.     

PAN基活性炭纤维的表面及其孔隙结构解析

通过氮吸附等温线、Ｘ射线光电子能谱以及扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）对聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ－Ｐｏｌｙａｃｒｙｌｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ）－基活性炭纤维（ＡＣＦ－Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｃａｒｂｏｎ Ｆｉｂｅｒ）的表面和孔隙结构进行了分析，结果表明吸附测量可以提供有关碳质吸附剂的孔结构复杂性；通过ＸＰＳ对ＰＡＮ基ＡＣＦ的表面官能团的种类及含量进行了表征，由ＳＥＭ对ＰＡＮ基ＡＣＦ的表面以及断面的孔隙结构进行直拉观察，提供了     

Simultaneous Measurement of Velocity and Equivalent Diameter on Non-Spherical Particles

The performance of a laser-based optical technique to measure simultaneously the velocity and equivalent diameter of nonsphercial particles was evaluated. The size information was provided by the absolute intensity of diffractively scattered light by a particle crossing a single laser beam, which is concentric with a laser Doppler probe volume. The response curve (size-intensity relationship) of the technique was estimated by calculations using the Fraunhofer approximation. Experiments with spherical glass and polyethylene and non-spherical metal and ceramic particles ranging from 20 to 200 μm confirmed the operation of the technique and in all the measurements the maximum error of the average diameter was 10 μm as compared with size information provided by a microscope.     

A Spheroidal Model of Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles

Optics and Spectroscopy - We have constructed a spheroidal model to solve the problem of light scattering by nonspherical particles. The semiaxes of the model spheroid are determined based on the...     

吸湿性均匀混合气溶胶粒子等效吸收系数计算分析

以两种典型的吸湿性气溶胶组分(氯化钠和硫酸铵)为例,采用米氏散射程序,计算了粒子的吸收效率因子等光学参量,并分析了吸湿性气溶胶粒子加热的等效吸收系数随时间的变化规律,着重分析了忽略粒子自身吸收对等效吸收系数的影响,常规计算值与等效吸收系数在1μs时相对误差可达到234.7%和255.2%。同时,就不同相对湿度、不同波长对等效吸收系数含时变化规律的影响进行了对比分析,并讨论了采用均匀混合模型计算结果的相对误差,在1μs时实际值与计算值相对误差最大,分别小于3.62%和7.07%。     

Analysis of Porous Nanosilicon by Raman Spectroscopy

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy - Technologies for the production of nanostructured silicon and porous nanosilicon are presented. A method for the synthesis of porous nanosilicon by electrochemical...     

Structure of Water Microemulsion Particles: Study by Optical Methods

Physics of Wave Phenomena - It is shown by optical methods using light scattering intensity and shift of the stimulated low- frequency Raman scattering line that emulsion particles of the Emulson...     

水热合成碳颗粒的结构和发光性能

用生物试剂氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和葡萄糖在水溶液中合成了碳颗粒,用场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、显微Raman光谱仪和傅立叶红外光谱仪对样品的结构和组成进行了研究。结果表明,碳颗粒是球形非晶结构,直径为0.3~1.4μm。利用He-Cd激光器的325 nm线,在显微Raman光谱仪中对碳颗粒的光致发光(PL)性能进行了研究。光谱显示出中心在420 nm的弱的蓝色PL带、中心在575 nm和650 nm的强而宽的绿光和红光PL带,它们分别与官能团和带与带之间的跃迁有关。绿光和红光PL带的宽化与sp2碳颗粒的非均匀性有关。     

Strengthening Porous PVA with TiO_2 Structure by an Ice-Templating Method

A poly vinyl alcohol(PVA) scaffold with aligned porous is strengthened by in-situ combining with TiO_2. The increased freezing rate can be used to further increase the strength of aligned porous materials. The strengthened porous PVA exhibits aligned interconnected porous structures and shows a significant enhancement in tensile testing and compression strength testing.     

一种内混合气溶胶粒子模型光散射的等效性

以包含灰尘、黑碳和水三种成分的单分散内混合初次气溶胶为例,利用消光、吸收、散射效率因子和不对称因子,探讨了以等效折射率描述具有不同成分的内混合气溶胶粒子系统的适用性。结果表明,在尺度参数为0.1～25时不同半径比下,消光、吸收和散射效率因子的等效性较好,相对误差分别在3%、3%和4%以内;不对称因子的等效性相对稍差,相对误差在13%以内。当半径比a/b小于1/5,即内混合体中所含灰尘和黑碳较少时,等效折射率实部和虚部值基本可以确定,而不必考虑尺度参数的影响。用除散射相函数之外的其他光学量来等效时,较为容易找到等效的气溶胶粒子。     

等效球模型模拟冰晶云反射的误差分析

用射线光学理论计算了具有一定尺度分布的六角冰晶粒子在可见和近红外光谱区一系列波长上(0.2～5μm)的单次散射特性.利用米氏(Mie)理论,计算了与六角冰晶具有相同截面积的球形粒子的单次散射特性.根据辐射传输理论,应用累加法,分别计算了由冰晶粒子和等效球形粒子构成的卷层云的多次散射特性,计算结果表明当入射波长λ≈3.0 μm时,等效球Mie理论可以很好地用于计算卷层云的反射特性,但是当λ＜2.8μm时,尤其在可见光区,将引起显著的误差.最后提出了计算冰云光学特性的两种方案.