共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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原子转移自由基聚合及可控自由基聚合 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以作者在原子转移自由基聚合领域的研究成果为主导,结合国内外文献,对近年来出现的颇具影响的可控自由基聚合体系与进行了评述与展望。 相似文献
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本实验开展了醋酸乙烯酯的可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT),分别运用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)引发和可见光引发两种方式进行了聚合反应,运用核磁共振和凝胶色谱等多种手段对所得聚合物结构进行了表征与分析。通过比较AIBN引发与光引发所获得聚合物端基结构的异同,加深了学生对RAFT聚合方法原理的理解。同时,运用该方法实现了聚合物两端端基结构的高度功能化,深入体会聚合物合成设计概念。本综合实验教学不仅通过对比法加深了学生对实验原理和专业知识的理解,提升了学生创新研究能力,而且训练了学生的实验操作技能、大型仪器使用能力和结果分析能力,提升了综合素质。 相似文献
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有机硫化物用于自由基活性/可控聚合 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
综述了有机硫化物用于自由基活性聚合的研究进展,对其机理和活性特征进行了简要的讨论。有机硫化物用于自由基活性聚合的研究工作可以追溯到上个世纪80年代,N,N-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸酯用作光引发一转移-终止剂(Iniferter),其聚合具有一定的活性特征,但分子量分布较宽,以二硫代羰酸酯和三硫代碳酸酯为链转移剂的可逆加成裂解链转移(RAFT)自由基聚合的发现,在活性自由基聚合领域是一个重要突破,用二硫代羰酸和三硫代碳酸酯作转移剂,在60Co γ-射线辐照下实现了St,AA,MA和MMA等单体的活性自由基聚合,是硫化物用于自由基活性聚合的又一新的进展。 相似文献
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"活性"/可控自由基聚合新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述了当前“活性”/可控自由基聚合(CPR)的三种主要方法,硝基氧调介聚合(NMP)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT),特别是近年来的进展情况。 相似文献
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含氟聚合物具有优异而独特的性能,主要是通过氟烯烃的聚合反应合成的。自从上世纪90年代以来,活性/可控自由基聚合反应获得极大的进展,发展了多种活性自由基聚合的方法,为聚合物的精确设计、合成提供了强有力的手段。氟烯烃的活性/可控自由基聚合反应研究始于上世纪70年代,碘转移聚合已经成功地应用于含氟热塑性弹性体的商业化生产。文献已经报道的氟烯烃活性/可控自由基聚合反应包括碘转移聚合(ITP)、烷基硼自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和可逆加成断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)或黄原酸酯交换法(MADIX)等。通过这些方法可以制备出分子量确定、结构多样化的含氟聚合物,如嵌段、接枝和遥爪聚合物等,使含氟聚合物的应用范围得到进一步拓展。本文结合本课题组的研究工作,对氟烯烃活性/可控自由基聚合反应的研究进展进行了简要综述。 相似文献
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可控/“活性”自由基聚合(CLRP)可以用于制备分子量分布窄、分子链缺陷少的聚合物,如聚乙烯(PE)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF),且易控制上述单体与其他单体共聚得到嵌段聚合物。本文调研了近年来可控/“活性”自由基聚合(如碘转移聚合(ITP)、氮氧稳定自由基聚合(NMP)、可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合和金属催化的活性自由基聚合(OMRP)等)制备聚乙烯和聚卤代烯烃等方面的工作,并指出了未来的发展方向。 相似文献
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在醋酸乙烯酯的普通自由基聚合体系中加入少量碘(质量分数为0.57%~0.86%),用偶氮二异丁腈作引发剂合成聚醋酸乙烯酯,对其聚合反应的动力学及反应机理进行了研究。 考察了碘质量分数对聚合反应速率、聚合物分子量及分子量分布的影响,发现随着碘浓度的增加,聚合物分子量及分子量分布得到更好的控制;对聚合过程进行了核磁跟踪,考察了聚合过程中几种化合物的变化情况,特别是初级自由基与碘生成的加合物A-I(A来自引发剂分裂后产生的自由基)及单体加合物A-Mn-I(M代表单体单元)的变化情况;对聚合物结构作了详细的1H NMR分析,结果表明,聚合过程中分子量随时间延长而逐渐增大,分子量分布随单体转化率增加而变窄,聚合终期,单体转化率达到80%左右时,所得聚合物分子量分布窄(Mw/Mn≤1.41),且含有碘端基。该方法的自由基聚合具有活性/可控的性质。 相似文献
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Hidetaka Tobita 《Macromolecular Symposia》2008,261(1):36-45
Summary : For the controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP) in which the active period during the chain formation is extremely small, ϕA < 1, such as the cases of usual SFRP and ATRP, the polymerization rate can be made larger by increasing the average number of monomeric units added during a single active period, . The -value is inversely proportional to the trapping agent concentration [X], and the polymerization rate is controlled by [X]. For small particles, even with a single trapping agent, [X] in the particle could be larger than that in corresponding bulk polymerization, and the polymerization rate decreases with D, where Dp is the particle diameter. On the other hand, for CLRPs whose ϕA-value is not very much smaller than unity, say ϕA>0.01, such as some of RAFT polymerization systems, the polymerization rate can be made larger by increasing the kinetic chain length for a given initiation frequency. For such reaction systems, the polymerization rate can be enhanced significantly by employing the emulsified polymerization systems. 相似文献
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Anthony Kermagoret Ngoc Do Quyen Chau Bruno Grignard Daniela Cordella Antoine Debuigne Christine Jrme Christophe Detrembleur 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2016,37(6):539-544
Cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of vinyl acetate (VAc) is successfully achieved in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). CMRP of VAc is conducted using an alkyl‐cobalt(III) adduct that is soluble in scCO2. Kinetics studies coupled to visual observations of the polymerization medium highlight that the melt viscosity and PVAc molar mass (Mn) are key parameters that affect the CMRP in scCO2. It is noticed that CMRP is controlled for Mn up to 10 000 g mol−1, but loss of control is progressively observed for higher molar masses when PVAc precipitates in the polymerization medium. Low molar mass PVAc macroinitiator, prepared by CMRP in scCO2, is then successfully used to initiate the acrylonitrile polymerization. PVAc‐b‐PAN block copolymer is collected as a free flowing powder at the end of the process although the dispersity of the copolymer increases with the reaction time. Although optimization is required to decrease the dispersity of the polymer formed, this CMRP process opens new perspectives for macromolecular engineering in scCO2 without the utilization of fluorinated comonomers or organic solvents.
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Christophe Detrembleur Olya Stoilova Rayna Bryaskova Antoine Debuigne Ange Mouithys‐Mickalad Robert Jrme 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2006,27(7):498-504
Summary: Poly(vinyl acetate) chains end‐capped by a Co(acac)2 complex [PVAc‐Co(acac)2] were prepared by bulk cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) of vinyl acetate and used for grafting fullerene (C60) with four PVAc arms at low temperature (30 °C). A photoactive water‐soluble poly(vinyl alcohol)/C60 nanohybrid was then prepared by hydrolysis of the PVAc arms of the nanohybrid. Because of photoactivity and very low cytotoxicity, this type of water‐soluble nanohybrid is very promising for the photodynamic cancer therapy.
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A new MC simulation method is proposed for the controlled/living radical polymerization in a dispersed medium, assuming an ideal miniemulsion system. This tool is used to consider the effects of particle size on the polymerization rates and the molecular weight distributions. For NMP, the polymerization kinetics are basically governed by two conflicting factors, (i) the confined space effect that promotes the coupling reaction between a radical and a trapping agent and (ii) the isolation effect of radicals into different particles that suppresses the overall frequency of bimolecular termination. For RAFT polymerization, a significant rate enhancement by reducing the particle size could be observed only for the systems with fast fragmentation of adduct radicals.
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Julia Ryan Fawaz Aldabbagh Per B. Zetterlund Bunichiro Yamada 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2004,25(9):930-934
Summary: The controlled/living radical polymerizations of methyl acrylate in 50% v/v of an ionic liquid initiated by the alkoxyamine generated in situ from 4‐oxo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyl‐N‐oxyl (4‐oxo‐TEMPO) and 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) at 140–155 °C are reported. The number‐average molecular weights increased linearly with conversion, and polydispersity indices are approximately 1.4 in the best case. The rates of polymerization were greater than in anisole, and similar to the rate of spontaneous polymerization in the ionic liquid.
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丙烯腈可控/"活性"自由基聚合研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
可控/"活性"自由基聚合能有效控制聚合物的分子量及其分布,并且能调控其微观拓扑结构。聚丙烯腈及其共聚物具有良好的成纤成膜性能,是一类应用十分广泛的聚合物。本文综述了可控/"活性"自由基聚合法合成聚丙烯腈及其共聚物的研究现状与进展,从氮氧自由基法(NMP)、引发转移终止剂法(iniferter)、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)和可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合等方面对丙烯腈均聚物和共聚物的合成研究作了全面的总结,提出了存在的问题,并且对今后的研究方向作了展望。 相似文献