温稠密物质中不同价态离子分布对X-射线弹性散射光谱计算的影响

在天体物理和惯性约束聚变研究中涉及到的温稠密物质通常包含多种元素的混合,并且每种元素还被电离成多种离子价态,不同价态离子结构及其丰度将直接影响温稠密物质的诊断及其物理性质.同时,从电子结构计算出发来研究宏观物理性质时,还需要考虑温度、密度效应对离子结构的影响.本文从不同价态离子的电子结构计算出发,采用考虑了离子间相互作用的Saha方程获得了稠密环境下的离子丰度,并使用超网链(hypernetted-chain)近似对铝、金以及碳-氢混合物的径向分布函数进行了计算,结合离子周围电子的密度分布,最后获得X-射线汤姆逊散射的弹性散射谱.在X-射线散射谱计算中,计算了温稠密物质中同时存在不同离子价态时的电子结构和径向分布函数,发现在相同的等离子体环境下不同价态离子的径向分布函数和电子结构差别较大.这将对依赖于微观统计过程的物理性质,比如散射光谱,将产生较大的影响.     

Au激光等离子体M带5f-3d跃迁的光谱参数

用超组态碰撞辐射模型模拟非局域热动力学平衡中Au的M带谱5f-3d跃迁的离子电离态特性，激光等离子体的光谱跃迂参数是必不可少的。利用多组态Dirac-Fock广义扩展平均能级方法，用GRASP^2系统地计算了激光Au等离子体中类铁金离子-类锗金离子的M带谱5f-3d的光谱跃迁波长．跃迁几率和振子强度，计算中考虑了重要的核的有限体积效应、Breit修正和QED修正，所得结果和最近的实验数据及理论计算值进行了比较。此结果可应用于对激光等离子体的模拟和诊断。     

Au等离子体M带5f-3d跃迁透射谱的理论模拟

基于细致组态(DCA)方法和跃迁系列群 (UTA) 模型,采用全相对论处理并结合量子亏损理论,计算了金Au激光等离子体的M带5f-3d跃迁的透射谱, 给出了金等离子体在不同电子温度和电子密度的时空电离态特性,平均电离度,离子丰度和离子内各能级的布居数,并模拟出Au等离子体的M 带5f-3d跃迁的细致谱线,其计算结果可对激光等离子体透射谱的电子温度和电子密度进行精密诊断.     

Effect of dielectronic recombination on the charge-state distribution and soft X-ray line intensity of laser-produced carbon plasma

The effect of dielectronic recombination in determining charge-state distribution and radiative emission from a laser-produced carbon plasma has been investigated in the collisional radiative ionization equilibrium. It is observed that the relative abundances of different ions in the plasma, and soft X-ray emission intensity get significantly altered when dielectronic recombination is included. Theoretical estimates of the relative population of CVI to CV ions and ratio of line intensity emitted from them for two representative formulations of dielectronic recombination are presented.     

Determination of the charge state distribution of a highly ionized coronal Au plasma

We present the first definitive measurement of the charge state distribution of a highly ionized gold plasma in coronal equilibrium. The experiment utilized the Livermore electron beam ion trap EBIT-II in a novel configuration to create a plasma with a Maxwellian temperature of 2.5 keV. The charge balance in the plasma was inferred from spectral line emission measurements which accounted for charge exchange effects. The measured average ionization state was 46.8+/-0.75. This differs from the predictions of two modeling codes by up to four charge states.     

弱电离等离子体对电磁波吸收的物理模型和数值求解

从物理基本方程、理论证明和数值分析三方面说明了在一维平板模型中，含时波动方程和亥 姆霍兹方程是等价的，即使电磁波波长小于等离子体的尺度，电磁波的全波解也具有简谐形 式. 对电磁波在弱电离强碰撞等离子体中的传播特性进行了数值研究，结果表明，弱电离强 碰撞等离子体对电磁波具有很强的吸收特性. 关键词： 电磁波 弱电离等离子体 过阻尼     

Au等离子体M带5f-3d跃迁的电子离子碰撞激发速率系数

电子离子碰撞激发速率系数在超组态碰撞辐射模型中真实模拟非局域热动力学平衡Au激光等离子体M带谱 5f 3d跃迁中各种复杂电荷态离子的电离态特性 (譬如离子的平均电离度 ,相对丰度和能级布居数 )是必不可少的。基于准相对论多组态Hartree Fock方法和扭曲波玻恩交换近似 ,采用自编的扭曲波程序ACDW (9)和Fit(9) ,从头计算了Au等离子体M带 5f 3d电子离子碰撞激发速率系数。结果表明 :在“神光II”实验装置诊断的电子温度约 2keV ,电子密度约 6× 10 2 1cm-3 范围内 ,这些电子离子碰撞激发参数有利于采用超组态碰撞辐射模型模拟Au的激光等离子体M带 5f～ 3d细致谱的平均电离度和电荷态分布。     

Measurements of vacuum arc ion charge-state distributions

The charge-state distribution of ions generated in the metal vapor vacuum arc under a wide range of experimental conditions was measured. The experiments were carried out using an ion source in which the metal vapor vacuum arc is used as the method of plasma production and by which a high-quality, high-current beam of metal ions is produced. Charge-state spectra were measured using a time-of-flight diagnostic; arc voltages were also measured. Parameters that were varied include cathode material, arc current, axial magnetic field strength, neutral gas pressure, and arc geometry     

Au激光等离子体的双电子复合速率系数

基于准相对论多组态HartreeFock理论和扭曲波近似,采用组态平均的方法,从头计算了类铁金离子类镓金离子的双电子复合速率系数,计算中包含了大量稠密的自电离能级,由于宽广的自电离能级分布和极其复杂的级联效应,造成高Z材料Au的双电子复合速率系数不同于低Z元素的特征,与现有文献的类镍金离子比较,结果表明,在“神光Ⅱ”实验装置诊断的电子温度约为2keV,电子密度约为6×1021cm-3,Au激光等离子体不同理论之间的双电子复合速率系数误差不到10%.这对于使用超组态碰撞辐射模型模拟Au的激光等离子体M带细致 关键词： 双电子复合 类铁金离子类镓金离子 复合速率系数     

Kinetic analysis of the ionization ratio effects on a three‐species plasma

In partially ionized plasmas, the energy transferred to electrically charged species by the electromagnetic field can be partly channelized to the population of neutrals, due to interspecies collisional processes. Depending on the relative density of neutrals, these effects may govern the collective plasma dynamics by drastically modifying particle dynamics and energy‐transport processes with respect to the fully ionized plasma‐approximation models. In this work, the influence of the ionization ratio r_i on a partially ionized plasma is analysed by means of a three‐species one‐dimensional kinetic model to compute transient and steady state velocity‐dependent distribution functions. The conservative collision operators accounting for charge–charge and charge–neutral interactions allow studying several plasma scenarios with the same entire number of particles per unit of volume but for an increasing r_i parameter, in the presence of a modulated signal‐like electric field. For a sequence of plasma scenarios of fixed r_i, ranging from typical weakly ionized to highly ionized plasma values r_i ～ 10^?7–10^?4, the mass species flows are examined. These flows behave linearly with respect to r_i up to a value r_i ? 10^?5 from which the quasi‐linear dependence is critically altered. The convection–diffusion equations are solved with the semianalytical Propagator Integral Method, which behaves well to deal with conservative operators, density, and field discontinuities, allowing for the use of collision terms of disparate time and spatial characteristic scales. The results can be relevant to a wide class of plasma systems and to analyse the ionization ratio effects on transport coefficients.     

Investigation of the possibility of using a duoplasmatron with a vacuum arc discharge to produce films of powder materials with low conductivity

Results obtained when investigating the possibility of using an Ardenne duoplasmatron as a generator of a highly ionized plasma beam containing ions of dielectric materials for depositing resistive films in a vacuum are presented. The constructional features of the duoplasmatron are considered, and information on the parameters of the plasma reactor of the evaporator is presented. The rate of deposition of films is investigated experimentally as a function of the modes of operation of the duoplasmatron. The properties of the films obtained are discussed. Methods of controlling the parameters of the highly ionized plasma fluxes which ensure a change in the velocity vector of the flux, its density, and the percentage content of the drop phase in it are considered.St. Petersburg Electrical Engineering State University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 3, pp. 121–131, March, 1994.     

Features of the film-growth conditions by cross-beam pulsed-laser deposition

Spatial and energetic characteristics of the plasma plume by cross-beam pulsed-laser deposition (CBPLD) were investigated. Effective droplets filtering together with high efficiency of material usage are observed by this approach. Time-of-flight (TOF) technique with electrostatic ion collectors (Langmuir probes operating in the ion-collecting mode) were applied to obtain kinetic energy distribution functions of ionized particles and to compare the ionization degrees of the plasma by the CBPLD and by the conventional PLD. The average and maximum kinetic energies of the ions by the CBPLD are found to be 2–3 times lower as compared to the conventional PLD. At the same time, the fraction of ionized species and highly exited neutrals (Rydberg atoms) in the CBPLD plasma is 1.5–2 times larger in comparison to the conventional approach. Re-sputtering of the material of the growing film by fast ions is a considerable effect in both the PLD methods by the chosen experimental conditions. The angular width of the directional pattern of the plasma plume by CBPLD is comparable to that typical for the conventional PLD. Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 28 March 1999 / Published online: 7 July 1999     

对ECR离子源多极磁场结构的改进

Experiments have shown that especially the radial magnetic field component plays a crucial role in the production of highly charged ions with Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources(ECRIS).However, in several room temperature operating ECRISs the radial magnetic field strength is below the optimum value, mainly due to the limits in permanent magnet technology.Remarkable radial magnetic field improvement can be reached with a relatively simple and cost-effective idea called Modified MultiPole Structure(MMPS).The MMPS differs strongly from the former structures because here the magnetic field is increased only locally without affecting the plasma size.The idea was studied experimentally with a new MMPS plasma chamber prototype,which was designed and constructed for the JYFL 6.4GHz ECRIS.The new chamber is versatile and made it possible to perform several new types of measurements.These showed that the MMPS is especially applicable to increase very high charge-state ion production.Typically the ion current increases more than a factor of 2 in the case of highly charged ions such as Ar~(16 ).     

Au激光等离子体X射线发射光谱的理论研究

采用细致组态(detailed configuration accounting,DCA)方法和碰撞辐射模型(collisional radiative equilibriummodel),Cowan的相对论的原子结构理论程序,选取与初、末离子组态有关的平均组态,取Hartree-Fock-Slater自洽势,考虑了非局域热动力学平衡条件下等离子体的主要原子动力学过程,建立了描述等离子体中碰撞辐射模型的离子布居和能级布居的速率方程,得到了Au元素的离子分布和能级分布,电荷态分布和平均电离度,并模拟出Au激光等离子体的5f-3d跃迁的X射线发射光谱的谱线强度,计算得出的谱线强度与实验数据相比符合得较好.     

活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱与热分析

针对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接过程,利用光谱分析方法对活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧进行光谱分析,采用红外热像伪着色法测定活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧温度场,并建立活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧热流密度径向分布模型,对焊接电弧的成分及焊接电弧温度场进行了研究。研究结果表明,常规等离子焊焊接电弧以氩原子和氩一次电离离子的谱线为主,金属蒸气谱线不突出,焊接电弧以气体粒子为主,属于气体电弧;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的光谱中氩原子及氩一次离子谱线的辐射强度增强,Ti,Cr,Fe金属谱线大量涌现;活性剂等离子弧焊焊接电弧的温度分布比较紧凑,温度场外形窄,温度分布范围较集中,电弧径向温度梯度较大;电弧径向温度分布呈现正态Gauss分布模式。     

万瓦级光纤激光焊接过程中小孔内外等离子体研究

为了进一步深入了解超高功率光纤激光深熔焊接过程中等离子体特征,试验拍摄了深熔小孔内外等离子体形态,并采用光谱仪检测分析了光纤激光致等离子体光谱信号.利用检测得到的等离子体光谱信号,计算研究了等离子体的电子温度、电子密度、电离度以及等离子体压力特征,并分析了在小孔内不同深度处及孔外等离子体的变化规律.结果表明,孔内等离子体呈现不均匀分布特征,孔外金属蒸气远多于等离子体.等离子体光谱分析显示,光纤激光致等离子体辐射出的谱线较少,即电离程度较低.进一步的计算结果同样证实了光纤激光致等离子体处于弱电离状态,但等离子体电子密度仍然处于较高水平,且等离子体瞬态压力可达到数百个大气压.     

Electron energy distribution function in a collisional plasma heated by an electron beam

The electron energy distribution function for the non-resonant electrons in a collisional weakly ionized plasma is found, provided that the intensity of the Langmuir oscillation is spatially dependent. It is assumed that electron-electron collisions are responsible for energy loss.     

等离子体中氖输运及辐射特性模拟

通过假定一定的温度和密度分布,数值求解了一维等离子体连续性方程,获得了杂质氖电离态分布及辐射功率随空间位置和时间的变化.计算结果显示,在杂质注入时间较短时,由于离子输运及各种损失机制,总杂质密度在空间分布尚未达到平衡,电离态离子主要分布在等离子体周边,完全电离离子所占份额很小.当时间达到0.2s时,氖在等离子体中完全达到平衡状态,体积辐射功率趋于一个稳定的数值.达到平衡状态后,芯部一个很大范围内氖杂质主要以Ne 10离子型态存在,辐射功率以轫致辐射为主,因此辐射功率较小.辐射功率在空间的分布随时间变化较小,主要分布在等离子体周边及边界层一个狭小的辐射带内,说明氖引起的辐射主要由低电离态离子引起.     

高气压强电场电离过程中的离子浓度分布规律

研究了高气压强电场电离区域的离子浓度分布的连续性方程, 对电离区域的电离物的产生、消失和输运进行了研究。通过采用电离放电增加了输入能量密度、G 值、电离占空比等, 从而提高了离子产生率。通过外加电场和离子“雪崩”头部的本征电场的叠加作用, 离子被束缚在放电通道中。对离子施加垂直电场方向的作用力, 就能把电场中的等离子体成束输送出去。已经能够做到有效体积仅为1cm³的等离子体源, 输运等离子体率达到 10¹² cm^{- 3}•s^{- 1}。