Higher-Order Interference in Extensions of Quantum Theory

Quantum interference, manifest in the two slit experiment, lies at the heart of several quantum computational speed-ups and provides a striking example of a quantum phenomenon with no classical counterpart. An intriguing feature of quantum interference arises in a variant of the standard two slit experiment, in which there are three, rather than two, slits. The interference pattern in this set-up can be written in terms of the two and one slit patterns obtained by blocking one, or more, of the slits. This is in stark contrast with the standard two slit experiment, where the interference pattern cannot be written as a sum of the one slit patterns. This was first noted by Rafael Sorkin, who raised the question of why quantum theory only exhibits irreducible interference in the two slit experiment. One approach to this problem is to compare the predictions of quantum theory to those of operationally-defined ‘foil’ theories, in the hope of determining whether theories that do exhibit higher-order interference suffer from pathological—or at least undesirable—features. In this paper two proposed extensions of quantum theory are considered: the theory of Density Cubes proposed by Daki?, Paterek and Brukner, which has been shown to exhibit irreducible interference in the three slit set-up, and the Quartic Quantum Theory of ?yczkowski. The theory of Density Cubes will be shown to provide an advantage over quantum theory in a certain computational task and to posses a well-defined mechanism which leads to the emergence of quantum theory—analogous to the emergence of classical physics from quantum theory via decoherence. Despite this, the axioms used to define Density Cubes will be shown to be insufficient to uniquely characterise the theory. In comparison, Quartic Quantum Theory is a well-defined theory and we demonstrate that it exhibits irreducible interference to all orders. This feature of ?yczkowski’s theory is argued not to be a genuine phenomenon, but to arise from an ambiguity in the current definition of higher-order interference in operationally-defined theories. Thus, to begin to understand why quantum theory is limited to a certain kind of interference, a new definition of higher-order interference is needed that is applicable to, and makes good operational sense in, arbitrary operationally-defined theories.     

散射光数字全息检测过程的统计光学讨论

从统计光学及标量衍射的基本理论出发,研究散射光数字全息重构波面与原散射波的关系,提出非平滑物体双曝光全息过程中散射光传播及干涉的简化模型.基于简化模型及计算机数值计算,对一个双曝光全息干涉系统转动形变的检测过程进行了理论模拟,并通过与该系统实验测量的比较,证实了简化模型的可行性.     

The sum of two bell-shaped curves can be sinusoidal

This paper restates the conflict between probability theory and quantum mechanics using the two-slit interference experiment. We show that standard probability theory can describe the emergence of sinusoidal fringes. What it cannot describe - and thus what is central to quantum mechanics - is destructive interference.     

脉冲光场作用下啁啾双光子量子特性研究

基于量子理论和非线性光学,研究了脉冲光场作用啁啾准相位匹配非线性晶体的第Ⅱ类自发参变下转换过程中,脉冲宽度和啁啾系数对产生的纠缠双光子特性及Hong-Ou-Mandel(HOM)量子干涉结果的影响。结果表明,啁啾系数一定时,随着脉冲宽度的增加,双光子谱的不可区分性降低,HOM量子干涉可见度下降。当脉冲宽度一定时,随着啁啾系数的增加使双光子谱带宽增加,HOM量子干涉陷落变窄,双光子谱的不可区分性增强,从而提高了相干精度和干涉可见度。理论上得到了超宽带的双光子谱和对应超窄的HOM量子干涉图。     

一种研究二元对称离散信道平均互信息的新方法

在有干扰(噪声)无记忆信道和有记忆信道两种情况下，运用协同学的方法研究如何分配输入概率获取二元对称离散信道最大的平均互信息. 研究结果表明：对于无记忆二元对称离散信道，最大平均互信息与信息论中相同输入概率使平均互信息最大化的结果是一致的；对于干扰(噪声)有记忆二元对称离散信道，考虑输入、输出符号满足不同程度的记忆度和干扰(噪声)因子情况下，得到符号最佳输入概率. 拓展了一种研究信息论的方法. 关键词： 协同学 二元对称离散信道 互信息 转移概率     

利用费曼路径积分理论分析多光子干涉

将费曼路径积分理论引入量子力学教学,用来分析光子干涉现象.对非简并的两光子和三光子干涉的关联函数进行了推导,并对干涉结果进行了模拟.模拟结果显示,非简并的多光子干涉是多光子聚束和量子拍效应叠加的结果.     

双通偏振干涉滤光片的研究

研究了等厚度双通偏振干涉滤光片，在此基础上提出了新型双通偏振干涉滤光片，并分析了单通、双通以及新型双通偏振干涉滤光片的光谱特性。结果表明，新型双通偏振干涉滤光片不仅具有更好的光谱特性，而且能进一步减少延迟片数目，具有非常重要的实用价值，可望在基于硅片的液晶投影仪分/合色系统中得到广泛应用。     

光学实验的计算机仿真

基于计算机仿真技术,以光学干涉实验和滤波实验为研究对象,应用Matlab软件数值模拟了杨氏双缝干涉实验和多光束干涉实验干涉图形和光强分布图,数值模拟了光学滤波实验字母滤波后的频谱图和字母成像图,结果表明,计算机仿真结果能够清晰的表达出实验和理论的效果。研究结果为光学实验的课堂教学提供了参考。     

全息、散班、云纹干涉法的Moiré几何原理

本文阐述了全息、散斑、云纹干涉法与Moiré几何理论的相似规律,用Moiré几何理论统一解释,比拟全息、散斑、云纹干涉法并给出相应的表达式。一、引言全息、     

Second-order interference of two independent and tunable single-mode continuous-wave lasers

The second-order temporal interference of two independent single-mode continuous-wave lasers is discussed by employing two-photon interference in Feynman's path integral theory. It is concluded that whether the second-order temporal interference pattern can or cannot be retrieved via two-photon coincidence counting rate is dependent on the resolution time of the detection system and the frequency difference between these two lasers. Two identical and tunable single-mode continuous-wave diode lasers are employed to verify the predictions. These studies are helpful to understand the physics of two-photon interference with photons of different spectra.     

Determination of phases of diffracted x-ray beams in investigations of structure of crystals

The phase problem of the theory of structure determination of crystals is reformulated within the framework of coherence theory; and it is shown that the reformation makes it possible to determine phases of diffracted beams from interference experiments.     

Modular interference characteristic of two-mode fiber

The modular interference characteristics of circular-core and elliptical-core two-mode fibers are investigated in theory. The intensity distribution and figure of two-lobe mode patterns are evaluated and simulated quantitatively for different phase difference change between LP01 and LPeven11 mode. The interference mode patters of elliptical-core and circular-core two-mode fibers are compared, the result shows that the two-lobe interference patters of the two-mode fibers generate energy exchange and oscillation, and thedifference is that the interference mode patterns of circular-core two-mode fiber are almost elliptical, while the interference mode pattern of elliptical-core two-mode fiber is approximately circular on condition that proper selection of the ellipticity. Their two-dimensional (2D) profile determines the choice of the core shape of the information pick-up fiber.     

Calculation of resonant structure of a double photoionization

Using many-body perturbation theory, we give the first calculation for the resonance structure into the double photoionization continuum in the 2s → 3p resonance region in neutral sodium. This resonance structure results from the interference between the one step direct double photoionization continuum and the resonant Auger process. The coupled equation method has been improved to calculate this interference by the summation of specific classes of diagrams of perturbation theory to infinite order. We find that the dominant contribution to resonance comes from a super-Coster-Kronig decay. Theoretical results are in good agreement with experiment.     

左右手系材料界面处全反射行为的特性

基于电磁场理论，推导了左右手系材料界面处发生全反射时的物理特性，分析了相位变化情况.提出利用左右手系材料构成周期性结构，观测全反射时介质中隐失波干涉的实验设想，并从理论上计算了干涉条纹的分布. 关键词： 左手材料 负折射率 全反射 隐失波     

入射角和薄片表面特性对激光干涉测温的影响

以激光干涉为理论基础,采用具有不同表面光学特性的单晶硅片和K-8光学玻璃为样品,针对不同的测量条件,研究干涉条纹对比度变化对温度测量的影响.分析了薄片干涉条纹对比度与测量光束直径、入射角、样品表面粗糙度以及表面镀膜之间的相互关系,研究了薄片的横向温度梯度对干涉对比度的影响.实验结果表明,上述各因素对温度测量参量对比度产生的影响具有规律性,并在一定对比度阈值条件下,能够满足精确测温的条件要求.     

Experimental observations of redistributed energy in wave interference

Attempts to explain the redistribution of energy in interference has been done from time to time, under two of the most accepted theories, wave and quantum; however its mechanism still lacks clear interpretation. In this study, a new experiment has been designed and conducted to observe the redistributed energy in wave interference. Experimental observations on the redistributed energy that occurs in two interfering coherent waves are presented. Re-distributed energy at a certain region, (single bright fringe) in space due to interference of two waves was isolated at a plane and measured at a distant plane away from the isolated plane. The measured energy distribution of the isolated interference pattern was compared with the resultant calculated from the two individual interfering components based on wave theory. The calculated resultant due to the two individual components does not tally with the experimental observed pattern. Hence, the outcome of this experiment is in disagreement with the expected predictions as per the wave theory.     

偏振光干涉的琼斯矩阵分析

根据琼斯矢量对偏振光的适用性,应用琼斯矩阵推导出了偏振光干涉的表达式,讨论了几例常见的偏振光干涉现象.     

多光束等倾干涉圆环的实验研究

根据多光束干涉理论,推导出等倾干涉圆环直径的计算公式,进一步得出相邻两等倾干涉圆环的直径的平方差是常数,结果与实验相符合。用Ｆａｂｒｙ Ｐｅｒｏｔ 干涉仪观察钠双线的等倾干涉圆环,操作比较复杂,难度较大,提出一种简捷的调节方法,所测的钠双线波长差值与标准值的误差很小。     

量子统计中的线性输运系数理论

本文利用van Hove的趋向平衡理论讨论了Kubo的输运系数表达式,得到了没有任何无规相位假设的结果,并将其与玻耳兹曼方程作了比较。由本文的讨论,我们期望在强作用系统的高频现象中能观测到相位关联效应。高频线性输运系数的宏观测量不会破坏这种相位关联。 关键词：     

Matter wave interference of dilute Bose gases in the critical regime

Ultra-cold atomic gases provide a new chance to study the universal critical behavior of phase transition. We study theoretically the matter wave interference for ultra-cold Bose gases in the critical regime. We demonstrate that the interference in the momentum distribution can be used to extract the correlation in the Bose gas. A simple relation between the interference visibility and the correlation length is found and used to interpret the pioneering experiment about the critical behavior of dilute Bose gases [Science 315 1556(2007)]. Our theory paves the way to experimentally study various types of ultra-cold atomic gases with the means of matter wave interference.