Use of bulk and surface negative ionization to detect laser-excited molecules

The influence of vibrational excitation of molecules on negative-ion formation in bulk and in surface is analyzed. The magnetron method is used to study the influence of laser emission on the formation of negative ions of the molecules SF 6 and 12. The SF 6 molecules were excited by absorption of C02-1aser emission in the v 3 band. The 12 molecules were excited by Stokes scattering of the second harmonic of a neodymium laser. It is shown that the cross section for dissociative capture in the presence of vibrationally excited 12 molecules is increased by 3-4 orders. With SF~ molecules vibrationally excited in the beam, studies were made of the effects of formation of negative ions from a hot polycrystallinetungsten filament. The physics of the influence of vibrational excitation on negative-ion formation on a surface is analyzed. The maximum sensitivities of methods of vibrationally excited molecules are estimated.Translated from Lazernye Sistemy, pp. 121–142 1982.     

焦耳级放电激励紫外预电离HF激光器

研制了一台采用紫外火花预电离和横向放电结构的非链式电激励脉冲HF激光装置,采用氢闸流管结合一级磁脉冲压缩开关的高功率电激励系统。实验研究了激光工作介质SF6,H2不同压强比和总工作气压对激光输出能量的影响,得出了最佳气体组分,确定了最佳工作气压。总气压在8.8 kPa,气体组分H2与SF6气压比为1:9时,获得最佳的激光输出,输出能量达到1.3 J,激光器的光电转换效率达到2.4%。:     

Visible superfluorescence from optically pumped europium atoms

We have observed superfluorescence (SF) on five atomic transitions at visible wavelengths 633.58, 635.00, 640.09, 640.61 and 736.22 nm in Doppler broadened gas of europium (Eu) atom. The nanosecond SF pulses were observed by longitudinally pumping Eu vapor column with a pulsed dye laser to upper states 4f⁶5d6s², ⁸D_7/2at 346.79 nm and 4f⁷5d6p, ¹⁰F_5/2at 348.73 nm from the ground state 4f⁷6s², ⁸S_7/2. High optical conversion efficiency ≈10% was measured for these SF transitions. Our experiment deals with the large sample multilevel SF in the regime where the length of the excited column L is greater than the maximum value of the Arecchi-Courtens length (L_c). The observed variation of SF peak intensity (I_fl) and time delay for SF evolution (τ_D) with number of atoms in the excited state (N) resemble theoretically predicted SF scaling laws for transverse excitation, namely I_fl∝N and t_D μ 1/?N\tau_D \propto 1/{\sqrt N} although the experimental condition is similar to the swept excitation. This could be due to the Rabi frequency associated with the pump transition which is comparable to the SF delay time precluding the initiation of SF at different times along the sample and results in transverse (instantaneous) excitation. The experimental τ_D values were found to be in agreement with the quantum mechanical calculations describing SF.     

激光触发多级多通道开关触发延迟及其抖动特性

 研究了激光触发多级多通道开关的触发延迟时间及其抖动与激光脉冲能量等实验参量的依赖关系，建立了零维数值模拟模型对实验现象进行了理论解释。实验结果表明：触发延迟时间及其抖动随激光脉冲能量、工作电压、气压上升呈下降趋势；随SF₆-N₂混合气中SF₆体积百分含量上升呈上升趋势。欠压比大于等于90%时200kV原理型激光触发多级多通道开关触发延迟时间抖动小于1ns。     

Discrete X-wave formation in nonlinear waveguide arrays

We present experimental evidence for the spontaneous formation of discrete X waves in AlGaAs waveguide arrays. This new family of optical waves has been excited, for the first time, by using the interplay between discrete diffraction and normal temporal dispersion, in the presence of Kerr nonlinearity. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.     

Synthesis of periodic femtosecond pulse trains in the ultraviolet by phase-locked Raman sideband generation

We demonstrate a new technique for femtosecond-pulse generation that employs ultrafast modulation of a laser field phase by impulsively excited molecular rotational or vibrational motion with subsequent temporal compression. An ultrashort pump pulse at 800 nm performs impulsive excitation of a molecular gas in a hollow waveguide, and a weak delayed probe pulse at 400 nm is scattered on the temporal oscillations of its dielectric index. The resultant sinusoidal phase modulation of the probe pulse permits probe pulse temporal compression by use of both positively and negatively dispersive elements. The potential of this new method is demonstrated by the generation of a periodic train of 5.8-fs pulses at 400 nm with positive group-delay dispersion compensation.     

Axially blown SF6-arcs around current zero

The increase of the interrupting capability of modern SF6 puffer breakers demands a better knowledge of the interaction of the arc with the gas flow. During the current interruption in an SF6 breaker the arc temperature in the stagnation zone is of decisive importance. The temporal evolution of the arc temperature and the diameter is studied by means of interferometry and emission spectroscopy. Experimental results are presented which show the influence of the current slope and the gas pressure on the arc decay. These results are compared with a theoretical model describing the temperature decay after current interruption.     

外电场作用下SF6分子结构与红外光谱

采用密度泛函LSDA方法,在6-311++g(3df,3pd)基组水平上研究了不同外电场下SF6分子的几何结构、偶极矩、能级分布和红外光谱的变化规律,并利用杂化CIS方法研究了SF6分子的前9个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度随外电场的变化情况。结果表明：X轴向上的1S-6F键长受到外场影响最大,随着外电场的增加可能最先趋于断裂;偶极矩随外场的增加而增大,分子总能量随外场的增加而减小;LUMO能级较HOMO能级受外电场影响大,能隙随外场增大而减小;红外光谱吸收峰随外场增大而分开,同时部分原本不具有红外活性的振动模式变成了具有一定的红外活性;激发波长、振子强度、激发能也受外电场影响,但随电场变化比较复杂。     

外电场作用下SF_6分子结构与红外光谱

采用密度泛函LSDA方法,在6-311++g(3df,3pd)基组水平上研究了不同外电场下SF_6分子的几何结构、偶极矩、能级分布和红外光谱的变化规律,并利用杂化CIS方法研究了SF_6分子的前9个激发态的激发能、波长和振子强度随外电场的变化情况.结果表明:X轴向上的1S-6F键长受到外场影响最大,随着外电场的增加可能最先趋于断裂;偶极矩随外场的增加而增大,分子总能量随外场的增加而减小;LUMO能级较HOMO能级受外电场影响大,能隙随外场增大而减小;红外光谱吸收峰随外场增大而分开,同时部分原本不具有红外活性的振动模式变成了具有一定的红外活性;激发波长、振子强度、激发能也受外电场影响,但随电场变化比较复杂.     

Stability of the proton-to-electron mass ratio

We report a limit on the fractional temporal variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio as 1/(m(P)/m(e)) partial differential/partial differential(t)(m(P)/m(e))=(-3.8+/-5.6) x 10(-14) yr(-1), obtained by comparing the frequency of a rovibrational transition in SF6 with the fundamental hyperfine transition in Cs. The SF6 transition was accessed using a CO2 laser to interrogate spatial 2-photon Ramsey fringes. The atomic transition was accessed using a primary standard controlled with a Cs fountain. This result is direct and model-free.     

SF分子基态及低激发态势能函数与光谱常数的研究

采用含Davidson修正的内收缩多参考组态相互作用的方法和考虑相对论修正, 在价态范围内的最大相关一致基 aug-cc-pV6Z 的条件下, 对SF分子的基态²∏及几个低激发态⁴∑^-, ²∑^-, ²Δ进行了势能扫描计算. 对SF分子的势能曲线进行拟合, 得到了该分子的光谱常数R_e, ω_e, ω_eχ_e, D₀, D_e, B_e和 α_e, 通过比较发现它们与已有的实验结果较为一致. 利用SF分子的势能曲线, 通过求解双原子分子核运动的径向Schrödinger方程得到J=0 时SF分子所计算各电子态的多个振动态. 对于每一振动态, 分别计算了振动能级、惯性转动常数和离心畸变常数. 关键词： SF 势能曲线 光谱常数 分子常数     

高激发态原子的相干效应

本文以高激发态原子为研究对象, 由基态、激发态和高激发态能级形成阶梯型三能级系统, 理论上求解阶梯型三能级系统的密度矩阵方程, 研究了高激发态原子的相干效应, 计算获得探测光的吸收和色散曲线. 并研究了高激发态原子间相互作用以及外加电场对相干效应的影响. 结果表明, 外加场可以使吸收和色散曲线产生频移.     

Picosecond spectroscopy of intermolecular interactions in dye solutions

Some new experimental data on the time development of ultrashort superfluorescence (SF) in the dye solution are presented. The correlation between temporal behaviour change and the change of the spectral and spatial intensity distribution gives direct evidence of the important role of the selffocusing phenomenon in the formation of the ultrashort SF pulse synchronized with the pumping one. The oriental relaxation of solvent molecules in the dye solution not only influences the duration of the dye SF via the selffocusing mechanism but also causes a temporal change of spontaneous emission spectrum. At least two different relaxation times were found in the fluorescence spectrum of the dye in several polar solutions.     

前缘曲率变化对平板边界层感受性问题的影响

边界层感受性问题是层流向湍流转捩的初始阶段,是实现边界层转捩预测和控制的关键环节.目前已有的研究成果显示,在声波扰动或涡波扰动作用下前缘曲率变化对边界层感受性机制有着显著的影响.本文采用直接数值模拟方法,研究了在自由来流湍流作用下具有不同椭圆形前缘平板边界层感受性问题,揭示椭圆形前缘曲率变化对平板边界层内被激发出Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S)波波包的感受性机制以及波包向前传播群速度的影响;通过快速傅里叶分析方法从波包中提取获得了不同频率的T-S波,详细分析了前缘曲率变化对不同频率的T-S波的幅值、色散关系、增长率、相速度以及形状函数的作用;确定了前缘曲率在平板边界层内激发T-S波的感受性过程中所占据的地位.通过上述研究能够进一步认识和理解边界层感受性机制,从而丰富和完善了流动稳定性理论.     

外电场作用下CF_3I分子结构特性及性质

CF_3I由于其良好的绝缘性能和较低的液化温度而作为SF_6替代性气体被广泛研究.本文采用量子化学从头计算法在3-21g基组下优化了CF_3I基态分子结构,得到了基态CF_3I分子的键长、分子前线轨道、Mulliken电荷布居数、红外光谱等.并且在此基础上采用杂化CIS/3-21g方法计算了分子的激发态,得到了分子的激发能、波长和振子强度.结果显示基态CF_3I分子在外电场作用下分子结构发生形变,分子能隙减小,分子活性变强;分子前9个激发态变化明显,随着外电场强度增加,第1、2、9激发能先增大后减小,第3、4、5、6、7与8激发能逐渐减小;第1、2、9激发波长先减小后增大,3、4、5、6、7与8激发波长逐渐增大;在0～0.009 a.u.外电场作用下,第1、2、4、5、6激发态振子强度为零,属于禁阻跃迁,第3、9激发态振子强度随着电场强度的增加而减小,第7、8激发态振子强度随着外电场强度的增加而增加.     

An efficient method for supercontinuum generation in dispersion-tailored Lead-silicate fiber taper

In this paper we theoretically study the broadband mid-IR supercontinuum generation (SCG) in a lead-silicate microstructured fiber (the glass for simulation is SF57). The total dispersion of the fiber can be tailored by changing the core diameter of the fiber so that dispersion profiles with two zero dispersion wavelengths (ZDWs) can be obtained. Numerical simulations of the SCG process in a 4 cm long SF57 fiber/fiber taper seeded by femto-second pulses at telecommunications wavelength of 1.55 µm are presented. The results show that a fiber taper features a continuous shift of the longer zero dispersion wavelength. This extends the generated continuum to a longer wavelength region compared to fibers with fixed ZDWs. The phase-matching condition (PMC) is continuously modified in the fiber taper and the bandwidth of the generated dispersive waves (DWs) is significantly broadened.     

Pulse compression without chirp control and frequency detuning by high-order coherent Raman scattering in impulsively excited media

It is shown that phase-locked pulses as short as 3 fs can be generated by coherent scattering in impulsively excited Raman media without the necessity of external phase control. The underlying mechanism, temporal characteristics, spectra, phase relations, physical limitations owing to competition processes, and precompensation of dispersion by the hollow waveguide window are studied analytically and numerically without the use of the slowly varying envelope approximation and with a global approach to dispersion. Additionally, the large frequency shifts in both the Stokes and anti-Stokes directions of as much as half the carrier frequency raise the possibility of generating widely tunable ultrashort pulses.     

Direct measurement of lifetimes of infrared multiple-photon dissociated molecules

A beam of mass selected SF ₅ ⁺ ions is crossed with a pulsed CO₂ laser beam. The distribution of lifetimes of infrared multiple-photon pumped SF ₅ ⁺ ion-molecules prior to dissociation into SF ₄ ⁺ +F has been measured directly using a time-of-flight ion-beam technique. The data provide new information on the distribution of the total internal energy of molecules excited by absorption of infrared radiation.     

Femtosecond transform-limited Kerr-lens mode-locked dye lasers

Using SF6 glass plates as intracavity Kerr lenses and double-prism pairs for dispersion compensation, we achieve tunable femtosecond passive mode locking in rhodamine 590 (R6G) and 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-16-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran (DCM) dye lasers. The R6G laser produces transform limited 240–500 fs pulses between 577 and 606 nm, and the DCM laser produces 150 fs transform-limited pulses between 650 and 671 nm. We use dilute intracavity saturable-absorber jets to make the mode locking self-starting. Characteristics of the pulses and the stability regions of the lasers agree with general theories of passive mode locking.     

SF6-N2混合气激光触发延迟抖动特性研究

 研究了SF₆-N₂混合气在四倍频Nd:YAG激光脉冲作用下的触发特性。实验结果表明：充SF₆-N₂混合气的火花隙的触发延迟和抖动、最低可触发阈值随充气压力及混合气中SF₆含量上升而上升，随激光波长减小而减小，火花隙的触发延迟和抖动随焦距的减小而减小。由于SF₆-N₂混合气的介电强度、触发延迟和抖动与混合气中SF₆含量之间均存在非线性关系，作为开关工作介质，SF₆-N₂混合气的综合性能较好的SF₆含量范围是5%～45%。