Evidence for two distinct energy scales in the Raman spectra of YBa2(Cu1-xNix)3O6.95

We report electronic Raman scattering from Ni-substituted YBa2Cu3O6.95 single crystals with T(c) ranging from 92.5 to 78 K. The fully symmetrical A(1g) channel and the B(1g) channel which is sensitive to the d(x(2)-y(2)) gap maximum have been explored. The energy of the B(1g) pair-breaking peak remains constant under Ni doping while the energy of the A(1g) peak scales with T(c) ( E(A(1g))/k(B)T(c) = 5). Our data show that the A(1g) peak tracks the magnetic resonance peak observed in inelastic neutron scattering yielding a key explanation to the long-standing problem of the origin of the A(1g) peak.     

Low frequency excitations in multiferroic MnWO(4)

Dynamic anomalies have been found in the magnetically ordered phases of multiferroic MnWO(4) using polarized Raman scattering. Strong phonon damping is observed for several B(g) modes within the ferroelectric phase and has been attributed to spin-phonon interactions. Moreover, a new low frequency excitation was detected near 33?cm(-1) that grows in intensity on cooling into the antiferromagnetic phases. It is argued that this signal is most probably due to a two-magnon process.     

Observation of two-magnon bound states in the two-leg ladders of (Ca,La)(14)Cu(24)O(41)

Phonon-assisted two-magnon absorption is studied in the spin- 1/2 two-leg ladders of (Ca,La)(14)Cu(24)O(41) for E parallel c (legs) and E parallel a (rungs). We verify the theoretically predicted existence of two-magnon singlet bound states, which give rise to peaks at approximately equal to 2140 and 2800 cm(-1). The two-magnon continuum is observed at approximately equal to 4000 cm(-1). Two different theoretical approaches (Jordan-Wigner fermions and perturbation theory) describe the data very well for J parallel approximately equal to 1020-1100 cm(-1), J parallel/J perpendicular approximately equal to 1-1.2. At high energies, the magnetic contribution to sigma(omega) is strikingly similar in the ladders and in the undoped high-T(c) cuprates, which emphasizes the importance of strong quantum fluctuations in the latter.     

Coherent magnetic oscillation in the spin ladder system alpha(')- NaV2O5

We report the first observation of coherent magnetic excitations in a spin ladder system NaV2O5 by using femtosecond time-domain spectroscopy. A pronounced coherent oscillation is observed at 127 cm(-1) (nearly twice the spin gap energy) and assigned to a two-magnon bound state, based on the temperature dependence of the intensity below the charge ordering phase transition at T(C) = 34 K. This mode can be observable only when circularly polarized light is used as a pump or a probe beam, suggesting that it corresponds to a spin-flip excitation from the singlet ground state. A phonon mode strongly coupled to the spin state is also found at 303 cm(-1).     

Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of charge excitations in La(2)CuO(4)

We report a resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of the dispersion relations of charge-transfer excitations in insulating La(2)CuO(4).. These data reveal two peaks, both of which show two-dimensional characteristics. The lowest energy excitation has a gap energy of approximately 2.2 eV at the zone enter, and a dispersion of approximately 1 eV. The spectral weight of this mode becomes dramatically smaller around (pi, pi). The second peak shows a smaller dispersion ( approximately 0.5 eV) with a zone-center energy of approximately 3.9 eV. We argue that these are both highly dispersive exciton modes damped by the presence of the electron-hole continuum.     

Possible interplay between a two phonon mode and high energy magnetic excitations in BiFeO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

We have performed Raman measurements on high energy excitations in BiFeO₃ single crystals as a function of both temperature and laser excitation lines. A strong feature observed at 1250 cm^-1 in the Raman spectra has been previously assigned to two phonon overtone. This peak exhibits an unusual frequency shift with the laser lines and the temperature dependence of its Fano lineshape shows two singularities at 150 K and 200 K which can be related to magnetic excitations. In the same energy range, we have also identified the two-magnon excitation with a temperature dependence very similar to the one measured for the one-magnon modes.     

Evidence for an electric-dipole active continuum band of spin excitations in multiferroic TbMnO3

The wide range optical spectra on a multiferroic prototype TbMnO3 have been investigated to clarify the origin of spin excitations observed in the far-infrared region. We elucidate the full band structure, whose high energy edge (133 cm;{-1}) exactly corresponds to twice of the highest-lying magnon energy. Thus the origin of this absorption band is clearly assigned to two-magnon excitation driven by the electric field of light. There is an overlap between the two-magnon and phonon energy ranges, where the strong coupling between them is manifested by the frequency shift and transfer of oscillator strength of the phonon mode.     

Photoinduced magnetization in the organic-based magnet Mn(TCNE)(x)* y(CH2Cl2)

Photoinduced magnetization in a magnet based on organic species is reported for the first time. Upon optical excitation in the blue region of spectrum, Mn(tetracyanoethylene)(x)*y(CH2Cl2) (x approximately 2, y is approximately 0.8) exhibits increased magnetic susceptibility at temperatures as high as 75 K, accompanied with photoinduced absorption in the visible and infrared spectral regions. These effects are partially reversible by lower energy visible light and fully reversible by thermal treatment. The results suggest trapping of the photoexcited charge in a metastable state with enhanced exchange interaction.     

Study of changes in composition and EELS ionization edges upon Ni4Ti3 precipitation in a NiTi alloy

Concentration gradients surrounding Ni4Ti3 precipitates grown by appropriate annealing in a Ni51Ti49 B2 austenite matrix are investigated by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM). Concentration gradients of approximately 1.0-2.0 at.% in Ni within the surrounding B2 matrix can be detected by both EELS and EFTEM, revealing a Ni depleted zone in the matrix. Besides the concentration gradients, the EELS integrated cross-section of the Ni L(2,3) edges for the Ni-depleted region increased slightly, when compared with a matrix region away from the precipitate and not depleted in Ni.     

Characterization of the Ground State of Br(2) by Laser-Induced Fluorescence Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of the B(3)Pi(0(+))(u)-X(1)Sigma(+)(g) System

The laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum of the B(3)Pi(0(+))(u)-X(1)Sigma(+)(g) system of Br(2) was recorded by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS). The LIF spectra were obtained by using continuous-wave dye laser excitation in the spectral region 16 800-18 000 cm(-1). About 1800 rotationally resolved lines were recorded in 96 fluorescence progressions, originating from the 10 相似文献   

Symmetry-resolved vibrational spectroscopy for the C 1s(-1)2 pi(u) Renner-Teller pair states in CO(2)

Symmetry-resolved excitation spectra have been measured for the Renner-Teller pair states A(1) and B(1) split from the core-excited C 1s(-1)2 pi(u) state in CO(2). A vibrational progression with the spacings of approximately 145 meV is found in both the A(1) and B(1) spectra at different energies and assigned to the symmetric stretching mode caused in the B(1) linear state, with the help of ab initio calculations. Appearance of the vibrations in the A(1) spectrum is interpreted as due to non-adiabatic coupling between the A(1) and B(1) states via the bending motion.     

On the two-magnon scattering of light and neutrons

The effect of magnon-magnon interaction on the two-magnon scattering of light and neutrons has been calculated at finite temperatures. Neglecting life-time effects the temperature dependence of the magnetization and that of the spin wave energy as well as the Bose functions for the magnon occupation number have been taken into account. In the low temperature region, where this spin wave approximation is valid, we have gotten a shift of the two-magnon peak toward smaller energies with increasing temperature, which scales with the temperature dependence of the magnon energy and a broadening of the peak as well. These features are in agreement with the result of optical experiments.     

Magnetic excitations in the spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain system NiCl(2)-4SC(NH(2))(2)

NiCl(2)-4SC(NH(2))(2) (DTN) is a quantum S=1 chain system with strong easy-pane anisotropy and a new candidate for the Bose-Einstein condensation of the spin degrees of freedom. ESR studies of magnetic excitations in DTN in fields up to 25 T are presented. Based on analysis of the single-magnon excitation mode in the high-field spin-polarized phase and previous experimental results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 077204 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.077204], a revised set of spin-Hamiltonian parameters is obtained. Our results yield D=8.9 K, J(c) = 2.2 K, and J(a,b) = 0.18 K for the anisotropy, intrachain, and interchain exchange interactions, respectively. These values are used to calculate the antiferromagnetic phase boundary, magnetization, and the frequency-field dependence of two-magnon bound-state excitations predicted by theory and observed in DTN for the first time. Excellent quantitative agreement with experimental data is obtained.     

Fourier Transform Spectra of the E(2)Pi(u)-X(2)Pi(g)((3/2)) System of CuCl(2)

High-resolution Fourier transform spectra of the laser-induced fluorescence of (63)Cu(37)Cl(2) produced in a cell have been recorded following excitation of a single vibronic level of the E(2)Pi(u) electronic state. Fluorescence occurs in combination bands to a broad spread of levels in the ground electronic state. A global vibronic model is proposed for the ground state based on an effective Hamiltonian, which fits the experimental data (2782 fluorescence lines, lower state quantum numbers: v(1) = 0-6, v(2) = 0-2, v(3) = 0-6, and J = 4(1/2)-80(1/2)) to 0.019 cm(-1) rms error. Vibrational, rotational and Renner-Teller parameters are obtained (e.g., omega(2) = 95.195(36) cm(-1), B(e) = 0.055106(3) cm(-1), epsilon = -0.1893(28)). A revised value for the equilibrium internuclear distance Cu-Cl is deduced: r(e)(Cu-Cl) = 0.20341(3) nm. The energy diagram of vibronic levels in the ground state is plotted up to 4000 cm(-1). Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Electron-beam-induced disordering of the Si(001)-c(4 x 2) surface structure

An electron beam (EB) irradiation effect on the Si(001)-c(4 x 2) surface was investigated by using low-energy electron diffraction. Quarter-order spots become dim and streaky by EB irradiation below approximately 40 K, indicating a disordering in the c(4 x 2) arrangement of buckled dimers. A quantitative analysis of decreasing rates of the spot intensity at various conditions of beam current, beam energy, and substrate temperature leads to a proposal for a mechanism of the disordering in the buckled-dimer arrangement in terms of electronic excitation, electron-phonon coupling, and carrier concentration.     

Unusual magneto-optical phenomenon reveals low energy spin dispersion in the spin-1 anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain system NiCl2-4SC(NH2)_{2}

Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of NiCl2-4SC(NH2)_{2} reveal the low-energy spin dispersion, including a magnetic-field interval in which the two-magnon continuum is within k_{B}T of the ground state, allowing a continuum of excitations over a range of k states, rather than only the k=0 single-magnon excitations. This produces a novel Y shape in the frequency-field EPR spectrum measured at T > or = 1.5 K. Since the interchain coupling J_{ perpendicular}相似文献   

Investigation of intrinsic plasmon energy losses associated with the Fe 1s core level in metallic iron

A recently developed Cu Kα₁ (hν = 8047.8 eV) X-ray source/ESCA300 electron spectrometer combination has been used to investigate the intrinsic plasmon energy losses associated with the Fe 1s core level (binding energy = 7111 eV) in metallic iron. The surface and bulk intrinsic plasmon energy losses were separated and it was found that using the theoretically calculated extrinsic energy loss cross-section to represent the bulk intrinsic energy loss cross-section gave an overall intrinsic loss probability which is approximately the same as if a Lorentzian type cross-section is used. However, this approach does not separate the surface and bulk intrinsic losses properly and is not a good approximation for peak shape analysis in the near peak region. A more realistic approximation is provided by using a Lorentzian type energy loss cross-section to represent the bulk intrinsic energy losses. It has also been shown that for the Fe 1s core level of metallic iron the probability that a photoelectron will suffer an intrinsic energy loss is higher at the surface than in the bulk. Also for this core level the excitation probability for the intrinsic plasmons is greater than that of the extrinsic plasmons. Hence ignoring the intrinsic plasmons would cause considerable error in peak shape analysis in the near peak region.     

白光LED用荧光粉Ba_(1.97)Ca_(1-x)(B_3O_6)_2∶Eu_(0.03)~(2+),Mn_x~(2+)的制备及其发光特性

采用高温固相反应法制备了Ba1.97Ca1-x(B3O6)2∶Eu2+,Mnx2+(x=0,0.03,0.06,0.15)荧光粉,研究了其相组成与荧光特性。结果表明,样品具有单相Ba2Ca(B3O6)2晶体结构。Eu2+同时占据Ba2+格位和Ca2+格位。在317 nm波长的紫外光激发下,Eu2+辐射出峰值在450 nm附近的宽谱蓝光。通过能量传递作用,Mn2+辐射峰值为600 nm左右的宽谱红光。蓝光和红光叠加形成色坐标为(x=0.371,y=0.282)的近白光发射。样品的激发光谱分布在250~400 nm的波长范围,有望在紫外激发的白光LED中获得应用。     

The Rotational Spectrum of SO(2) and the Determination of the Hyperfine Constants and Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Tensors of (33)SO(2) and SO(17)O

Rotational analyses of the B(2)Sigma(+)(u) --> X(2)Sigma(+)(g) system of the (14)N(+)(2) molecule have been extended to include the vibrational levels up to v' = 4. Spectral data from 20 bands obtained from high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometry of a hollow-cathode and a Pointolite lamp were included in the analysis. A global deperturbation yielded molecular parameters of the highly perturbed B(2)Sigma state and interaction parameters A(2)Pi(u) approximately B(2)Sigma(u) with a standard deviation of 0.011 cm(-1). Rotational term values of the B(2)Sigma(+) state were also determined. New perturbations in the B(2)Sigma(+) (v = 0) level have been observed at N approximately 85 and N approximately 96. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

High energy (˜ 107 eV) Si peak in Ar excited auger emission from silicon and silicides

The Ar⁺ excited electron emission from Si and Si-Ni compounds (from NiSi₂ to Ni₃Si) was studied, with emphasis on the high energy peak in the Si (L₂₃-related) spectrum. This peak is associated with the decay of Si atoms having two 2p holes (Si²*); therefore it originates in asymmetric (Ar-Si) collisions only. It has been investigated to determine the occurrence of these collisions with respect to the symmetric (Si-Si) ones and their relative weight.

The threshold energy for the Si^2* related Auger emission was found to be about 2.9 keV in Si and silicides, significantly lower than previously reported. Above this threshold, the relative weight of the asymmetric collisions increases with ion energy and depends on the target stoichiometry, being greater in metal-rich silicides. However in the investigated ion energy range (1 to 5 keV) the total Auger yield was found to be mainly related to the symmetric collisions.

We also investigated the dependence of the high energy Si peak on the excitation and acceptance geometry. The results indicate that asymmetric collisions are mainly “surface events”, resulting in the ejection of an anisotropic flux of energetic Si atoms.