Reception of a stochastic signal with unknown appearance and disappearance times

We synthesize an algorithm for detecting a Gaussian stochastic signal and an algorithm for estimating its unknown appearance and disappearance times using the maximum-likelihood method. Asymptotic expressions for the detection and estimation characteristics are found. The applicability limits for these expressions are established by computer-aided statistical simulation of the algorithms. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 717–729, August 2008.     

Optimal estimation of pulse signals with random amplitudes and times of occurrence

We have obtained an algorithm for optimal evaluation of pulse signals of a given shape with random amplitudes and times of occurrence observed against a background of Gaussian white noise. Equations for real-time estimates that are optimal in the rms sense and the a posteriori variances of signal amplitudes and times of occurrence are found. Computer simulation results illustrating the operation of synthesized algorithms are given.N. I. Lobachevskii State University, Nizhny Novgorod. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. 1257–1266, December, 1995.     

Optimum reception of a pulsed optical signal with unknown time of arrival

We obtain and compare the maximum-likelihood and Bayesian algorithms for detecting a signal and measuring its arrival time. Using computer statistical simulation, we test the robustness of the synthesized algorithms and determine the validity ranges of the asymptotic formulas for their characteristics. Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 1201–1212, December 1999.     

Optimum reception of a signal with unknown duration against the background of white noise

An algorithm for optimum (Bayesian) detection and measurement of the duration of a rectangular pulse observed against the background of white Gaussian noise is developed. The potential characteristics of reception are obtained as a result of computer modeling of the synthesized algorithms. State University, Voronezh, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 40, No. 12, pp. 1531–1541, December, 1997.     

Quantum storage of single photons with unknown arrival time and pulse shapes

We present a scheme for the quantum storage of single photons using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a low-finesse optical cavity, assisted by state-selected spontaneous atomic emission. Mediated by the dark mode of cavity EIT, the destructive quantum interference between the cavity input-output channel and state-selected atomic spontaneous emission leads to strong absorption of single photons with unknown arrival time and pulse shapes. We discuss the application of this phenomenon to photon counting using stored light.     

Optimal estimation of the appearance time of a pulsed signal with random substructure

An algorithm for optimum estimation of the appearance time of a pulsed signal with random substructure, which is observed against the background of white Gaussian noise, is synthesized. The comparative analysis of the Bayesian and maximum likelihood meters of the appearance time is performed. The results of statistical modeling of estimation algorithms are presented. State University, Voronezh, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 1058–1069, August, 1998.     

Noise-like rectangular pulses in a mode-locked double-clad Er:Yb laser with a record pulse energy

Generation of noise-like rectangular pulse was investigated systematically in an Er–Yb co-doped fiber laser based on an intra-cavity coupler with different coupling ratios. When the coupling ratio was 5/95, stable mode-locked pulses could be obtained with the pulse packet duration tunable from 4.86 ns to 80 ns. The repetition frequency was 1.186 MHz with the output spectrum centered at 1.6 μm. The average output power and single pulse energy reached a record 1.43 W and1.21 μJ, respectively. Pulse characteristics under different coupling ratios(5/95, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60) were also presented and discussed.     

Common cortical responses evoked by appearance, disappearance and change of the human face

Background  

To segregate luminance-related, face-related and non-specific components involved in spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical activations to a face stimulus, we recorded cortical responses to face appearance (Onset), disappearance (Offset), and change (Change) using magnetoencephalography.     

Propagation of an ultrashort laser pulse in a waveguide of rectangular cross section

The propagation of a spikelike ultrashort laser pulse in a mirror waveguide of rectangular cross section with perfectly conducting walls is considered. An algorithm for the calculation of the propagation of a field pulse in such a waveguide is designed. The general approach is illustrated by calculation of the propagation of a p-polarized field pulse shorter than the dimensions of the waveguide cross section.     

The analysis of excite and probe measurements of relaxation times with fluctuating pulse duration

The effect of fluctuations in the pulse duration of synchronously pumped modelocked pulse trains on excite and probe measurements is discussed. Relaxation times comparable with the pulse durations can be measured even when large pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in duration exist. The pump and probe pulse durations are assumed to be correlated. When the probe pulses are the second harmonic of the pump, or vice versa, the third harmonic must also be generated to permit deconvolution of experimental excite and probe data. When the pump and probe pulses have the same time dependence, the excite and probe curves consist of the desired response function convolved with the time-averaged second harmonic autocorrelation function which is easily measured. Deconvolution yields the relaxation time but fluctuations in pulse duration increase the root-mean-square voltage fluctuation at the output of the detector system and limit the accuracy with which the relaxation time can be calculated.     

Optimal conclusive teleportation of a d-dimensional two-particle unknown quantum state

A conclusive teleportation protocol of a d-dimensional two-particle unknown quantum state using three d- dimensional particles in an arbitrary pure state is proposed. A sender teleports the unknown state conclusively to a receiver by using the positive operator valued measure（POVM） and introducing an ancillary qudit to perform the generalized Bell basis measurement, We calculate the optimal teleportation fidelity. We also discuss and analyse the reason why the information on the teleported state is lost in the course of the protocol,     

Optimal control of light pulse storage and retrieval

We demonstrate experimentally a procedure to obtain the maximum efficiency for the storage and retrieval of light pulses in atomic media. The procedure uses time-reversal to obtain optimal input signal pulse shapes. Experimental results in warm Rb vapor are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and demonstrate a substantial improvement of efficiency. This optimization procedure is applicable to a wide range of systems.     

有矩形脉冲内热源的平板中非傅里叶导热研究

 对矩形激光短脉冲能量以内热源形式在有限厚绝热平板内释放所导致的非傅里叶导热过程进行了理论研究，利用格林函数与有限积分变换方法求得了绝热平板内温度分布的解析解,分析了平板内热波传播与反射行为以及温度场的特征。研究结果表明，温度波动频率取决于平板厚度和材料的热弛豫时间，而其幅值则与内热源释放区域的大小和脉冲宽度的长短有关。     

有孔双层屏蔽腔体的宽频带屏蔽效能

 用扩展为可分析腔内高次模的传输线方法研究了有孔双层屏蔽腔体的屏蔽效能,该方法可以考虑腔内较宽的频带范围。计算了双层屏蔽腔内电场的屏蔽系数,与单层屏蔽腔内屏蔽系数的比较表明,采用双层屏蔽使得腔体的屏蔽效能大为提高。分析了双层屏蔽腔体孔缝耦合的共振效应、腔内的谐振。结果表明：满足共振效应成立条件时双层屏蔽腔内也发生共振现象,屏蔽效能在共振频率附近明显降低;在腔内的谐振点屏蔽系数出现极小值,此时屏蔽效果较差;在0.1~4.5 GHz的范围内,屏蔽系数随着频率的增加总体上呈下降趋势。     

矩形谱宽带光抽运的布里渊慢光中脉冲失真的分析

在小信号增益条件下推导出了高斯光脉冲经过矩形谱宽带光抽运的布里渊慢光系统后输出脉冲时域振幅包络的近似解析表达式,适用于抽运光频谱具有陡峭上升(下降)沿和平坦顶部的情况.定量分析和比较了光纤色散以及受激布里渊散射增益不均衡和增益所致色散效应对延迟信号光脉冲失真的影响.计算结果表明:当信号光脉冲的频谱处于布里渊有效增益谱内时,解析解与数值解符合,布里渊增益所致三阶色散效应是导致延迟信号光脉冲失真的主要物理因素,制约了窄脉冲延迟量的提高.     

紧凑型脉冲形成网络的优化设计

利用PSpice软件,在考虑互感的情况下对直线型、L型和U1型结构的脉冲形成网络进行电路仿真,同时采用瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法对5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行三维建模和仿真,并对这5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行实验,实验结果显示:5种不同结构脉冲形成网络的输出波形的上升沿约为45 ns;U1,U2型和U3型结构的脉冲形成网络输出脉冲的半高宽分别为166,158和154 ns,且其平顶处存在较大波动。将电路和瞬态场路同步协同方法得到的仿真结果和实验结果进行分析和比较,结果表明:瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法能很好地模拟脉冲形成网络的工作过程和输出波形,实验中的匹配负载和开关电感都要比仿真中的大,U型结构脉冲形成网络有利于实现脉冲功率源系统结构的紧凑化和小型化。     

紧凑型脉冲形成网络的优化设计

利用PSpice软件,在考虑互感的情况下对直线型、L型和U1型结构的脉冲形成网络进行电路仿真,同时采用瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法对5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行三维建模和仿真,并对这5种不同连接结构的脉冲形成网络进行实验,实验结果显示：5种不同结构脉冲形成网络的输出波形的上升沿约为45 ns;U1,U2型和U3型结构的脉冲形成网络输出脉冲的半高宽分别为166,158和154 ns,且其平顶处存在较大波动。将电路和瞬态场路同步协同方法得到的仿真结果和实验结果进行分析和比较,结果表明：瞬态场路同步协同仿真方法能很好地模拟脉冲形成网络的工作过程和输出波形,实验中的匹配负载和开关电感都要比仿真中的大,U型结构脉冲形成网络有利于实现脉冲功率源系统结构的紧凑化和小型化。