Granular high-temperature superconductor film in a steady magnetic field

An electrodynamic model is constructed for a granular Josephson high-temperature superconductor film in a steady magnetic field. The field induces anisotropy and spatial inhomogeneity for a high-frequency field. The data can be used in boundary-value treatments for layered structures that include high-temperature superconductor films, and also in research on acoustoelectronic and magnetostatic interactions of surface acoustoelectronic and magnetostatic waves with the high-temperature superconductor medium.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 91–94, August, 1995.     

Polarization echo in type-II superconductor powders

A theory of polarization echo in powdered type-II superocnductors is presented, which takes into consideration mechanisms of nonlinear excitation, nonlinear damping, and nonlinear dispersion in interaction of radio frequency pulses with twinning boundary dislocations. It is shown that the motion of defects and magnetization jumps associated with it take place with retention of phase information, which is the basis of the long-lived echo. The short-lived dynamic echo and the long-lived static echo are explained and their properties are investigated. The connection of polarization echo with other phenomena due to the defect structure of the material is established.Kazan Physicotechnical Institute, KNTs RAN. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 20–48, July, 1993.     

Mechanisms of dissipation in a Josephson medium based on a high-temperature superconductor in a magnetic field

This paper reports on the results of an investigation into the influence of magnetic fields (0–60 kOe) on the temperature dependences of the electrical resistance R(T) of the Y_3/4Lu_1/4Ba₂Cu₃O₇ + CuO composites. The structure of these composites is considered to be a network of tunnel-type Josephson junctions in which a nonsuperconducting component (CuO) forms boundaries (barriers) between high-temperature superconducting crystallites. The temperature dependence R(T) of the composites has two steps characteristic of granular superconductors: (i) an abrupt change in the electrical resistance at the critical temperature of high-temperature superconducting crystallites and (ii) a smooth transition to the superconducting state under the influence of the boundaries between the crystallites. The experimental dependences R(T) are analyzed within the Ambegaokar-Halperin model of thermal fluctuations in Josephson junctions and the flux creep model. An increase in the magnetic field leads to a crossover from the Ambegaokar-Halperin mechanism to the flux creep mechanism. The temperature dependences R(T) in the range of weak magnetic fields (from 0 to 10² Oe) are adequately described by the relationship following from the Ambegaokar-Halperin model. In the range of strong magnetic fields (from 10³ to 6 × 10⁴ Oe), the dissipation obeys the Arrhenius law R ～ exp(?U(H)/T)], which is characteristic of the flux creep model with a temperature-independent pinning energy U(H). The effective Josephson coupling energies and the pinning energies corresponding to the Ambegaokar-Halperin and flux creep mechanisms are determined.     

Influence of a constant magnetic field on the dispersion of surface magnetostatic waves in a structure consisting of ferrite and granular high-temperature superconductor

The dispersional properties of a surface magnetostatic wave (MSW) in a laminar structure consisting of ferrite film and a high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) layer are studied in detail. The propagation of surface MSW in this structure is investigated, and the dispersional equation is obtained; the granular character of the HTSC films and the influence of constant magnetic field are taken into account here. The magnetic field is responsible for breakdown of the Josephson layer of granular HTSC films and the appearance of nonsuperconducting layers close to the film surface. It follows from the calculation results that, when the HTSC film passes to the superconducting state, the dispersional characteristics of the MSW undergo a discontinuity. The magnitude of the discontinuity depends on the film thickness, the critical current, and the granule size. The results obtained may be used in designing various microelectronic devices based on granular HTSC films. Tomsk State Academy of Control Systems and Radioelectronics. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 72–77, June, 1996.     

Percolating granular superconductor in a magnetic field

An array of Josephson tunnel junctions is studied as a model for granular superconductors. We determine the critical line in the (H, T)-plane, separating the phase-coherent and incoherent region as a function of the magnetic field. Both positional disorder and junction-dilution are treated. Approaching the percolation threshold from above, the critical exponent of the upper critical field is found to be 0.60±0.03.     

Effect of a pulsed magnetic field on the transverse resistance of a layered superconductor

The field dependences of the transverse resistance of a single crystal of the layered superconductor Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_y (BSCCO-2212) with T _c 0≃92 K are studied in magnetic fields up to 50 T in the perpendicular orientation H⊥(ab). It is established that in the resistive region the resistance is a power-law function of the field, and the temperature dependence of the barrier height for flux creep is obtained. It is found that in a wide temperature range, 50–125 K, the transverse magnetoresistance of the crystal in the normal state and under conditions of superconductivity suppression by a strong magnetic field is negative and can be approximated by a linear law with a temperature-dependent slope. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 5, 420–425 (10 September 1998)     

Effect of magnetic field on the stimulated photon echo in ytterbium vapors

Polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) at the 0 ? 1 transition in ytterbium vapors in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of 0–40 G is experimentally and theoretically studied. The SPE is generated using three light pulses with identical linear polarizations, so that the SPE polarization is the same at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a weak magnetic field, the SPE polarization vector rotates around the magnetic field vector and the depolarization of the SPE signal takes place. Each of the SPE polarization components exhibits biharmonic oscillations depending on the magnetic field. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, these oscillations vanish and the SPE becomes depolarized. The experimental data are in qualitative agreement with the results of the numerical calculations performed with the method of the evolution operator for the finite-duration excitation pulses. The application of the results for the processing of optical data is discussed.     

Lateral magnetic stiffness under different parameters in a high-temperature superconductor levitation system

Magnetic stiffness determines the stability of a high-temperature superconductor(HTS) magnetic levitation system.The quantitative properties of the physical and geometrical parameters that affect the stiffness of HTS levitation systems should be identified for improving the stiffness by some effective methods. The magnetic stiffness is directly related to the first-order derivative of the magnetic force with respect to the corresponding displacement, which indicates that the effects of the parameters on the stiffness should be different from the relationships between the forces and the same parameters.In this paper, we study the influences of some physical and geometrical parameters, including the strength of the external magnetic field(B0) produced by a rectangular permanent magnet(PM), critical current density(Jc), the PM-to-HTS area ratio(α), and thickness ratio(β), on the lateral stiffness by using a numerical approach under zero-field cooling(ZFC)and field cooling(FC) conditions. In the first and second passes of the PM, the lateral stiffness at most of lateral positions essentially increases with B0 increasing and decreases with β increasing in ZFC and FC. The largest lateral stiffness at every lateral position is almost produced by the minimum value of Jc, which is obviously different from the lateral force–Jc relation. The α-dependent lateral stiffness changes with some parameters, which include the cooling conditions of the bulk HTS, lateral displacement, and movement history of the PM. These findings can provide some suggestions for improving the lateral stiffness of the HTS levitation system.     

On magnetic field penetration into a granulated superconductor

The frequency dependence of the magnetic response of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x high-temperature supercon-ducting ceramics is studied. The experimental results are obtained for different values of the constant ((0–99)×10⁻⁴ T) and variable ((0.18–7.24)×10⁻⁴ T) components of the external magnetic field in the frequency range from 60 Hz to 1 MHz. A simple qualitative model of the distributed Josephson medium is offered to account for the results obtained.     

Dominant influence of the compression effect of a magnetic flux in the intergranular medium of a granular high-temperature superconductor on dissipation processes in an external magnetic field

Experiments have been presented that demonstrate the effect of the compression of a magnetic flux in grain boundaries of a granular high-temperature superconductor in an external magnetic field on the dissipation processes. The compression of the magnetic flux is associated with the diamagnetic behavior of superconducting grains and the existence of a Josephson medium in grain boundaries. Under these conditions, grain boundaries are in an effective magnetic field that depends on the magnetic state (magnetization) of the superconducting grains. Based on the analysis of experimental data (dependences of the electrical resistance R and magnetization on the magnetic field H and temperature T, as well as current-voltage characteristics), the conclusion has been drawn that it is the temperature evolution of the effective magnetic field in the intergranular medium which primarily determines the behavior of the dependences R(T) in weak external magnetic fields of no more than ～10³ Oe. This should be taken into account in the interpretation of experiments on the magnetoresistance effect in granular high-temperature superconductors in terms of different theories. The conclusion drawn here also implies a significant correction of the previously obtained results.     

Phase diagram of a surface superconductor in parallel magnetic field

The universal phase diagram of a 2D surface superconductor with generic Rashba interaction in a parallel magnetic field is found. In addition to the uniform BCS state, we find two inhomogeneous superconductive states, the stripe phase with Δ (r) ∝ cos(Qr) at high magnetic fields, and a new “helical” phase with Δ(r) ∝ exp(iQr) which intervenes between the BCS state and stripe phase at an intermediate magnetic field and temperature. We prove that the ground state for helical phase carries no current.     

Magnetostriction of thin flat superconductor in a transverse magnetic field

Magnetostriction loops of a hard superconductor are calculated analytically. The geometry under consideration is a thin flat superconductor in a magnetic field perpendicular to the flat face of the sample. The analytical representation of the results is given in a relationship with the magnetic flux distribution inside a sample in the mixed state of superconductivity. The simulations are consistent with the measurements on the high-temperature superconductor LaSrCuO.     

Effect of a constant magnetic field on the photoconductivity of single-crystal C60

Magnetic fields with induction B<1 T are found to affect the photocurrent in single-crystal C₆₀. This effect does not reduce to the Hall effect. The effect of the field on the multiplicity of short-lived pairs consisting of mobile carriers and their traps is proposed as a possible explanation for the observed phenomenon. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 2097–2099 (November 1999)     

NMRON spin echo in a slowly varying magnetic field

Nuclear spin-spin relaxation of⁶⁰Co and⁵⁶Co in iron single crystals has been studied, using the three-pulse NMRON spin echo. A previously reported rapidT ₂ in⁶⁰CoFe is shown to have arisen from a modulation of the echo amplitude, caused by variations in the phase of the Larmor precession relative to the applied rf field. A lower limit ofT ₂∼0.2s is found in⁵⁶Co⁵⁶ Fe. Extension of this result to other CoFe samples is discussed.     

Effect of a magnetic field on the dipole echo in glasses caused by nuclear quadrupole moments

The effect of a magnetic field on the amplitude of the dipole echo in glasses at a temperature of about 10 mK caused by the presence of nonspherical nuclei with electric quadrupole moments in the glass has been considered theoretically. It has been shown that in this case, the two-level systems (TLSs) that determine the properties of glasses at low temperatures are transformed into more complicated multilevel systems. These systems have new properties as compared to usual TLSs and, in particular, exhibit oscillations of the electric dipole echo amplitude in the magnetic field. A general formula that describes the echo amplitude in an arbitrarily split TLS has been derived in perturbation theory. Detailed analytic and numerical analysis of the formula has been performed. The theory agrees qualitatively and quantitatively well with the experimental data.     

Two-dimensional spherical oscillator in a constant magnetic field

We study the equations of motion of a spherical oscillator model suggested by Bellucci and Nersessian, in the presence of a constant magnetic field. This model is shown to be exactly solvable classically in contrast to the Higgs oscillator which is not exactly solvable in magnetic fields.     

Interband resonant tunneling in superconductor heterostructures in a quantizing magnetic field

The resonant tunneling of electrons through quasistationary levels in the valence band of a quantum well in double-barrier structures based on III–V materials with type-II heterojunctions is considered in a quantizing magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the interfaces. The transmission coefficients of the tunnel structure for transitions from states corresponding to different Landau levels are calculated using the Kane model. It is shown that transitions with a unit change in the Landau level index n as a result of mixing of the wave functions of states with opposite spin orientations are possible on the interfaces due to spin-orbit coupling. The probability of such transitions can be comparable to the probability of transitions without a change in the Landau level index for InAs/AlGaSb/GaSb resonant-tunneling structures. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 2121–2126 (November 1998)     

A microscopic derivation of the critical magnetic field in a superconductor

The propagator for a noninteracting many electron system in a constant magnetic field in three space time dimensions is computed. This formula and the results of [FT1,2] are used to give a microscopic derivation of a BCS-equation with magnetic field. It is shown that this equation has no solution if the magnetic field is sufficiently large. Perturbation theory in the interaction around the magnetic field propagator is discussed.