含氮杂环化合物萃取分离三价锕系与镧系元素

乏燃料后处理中的三价锕系和镧系元素分离是“分离-嬗变”过程的主要环节,对于建立先进核燃料循环具有重要意义。然而,三价锕系和镧系元素结构与性质非常相似,实现二者的分离一直都是分离科学研究领域的难题。溶剂萃取法是三价锕系和镧系元素分离的基本方法之一,而运用含硫、氮等软配位原子的萃取剂则是实现分离的关键。在众多的萃取剂中,含氮杂环化合物因其优良的萃取分离能力,同时符合CHON原则而利于实现废物最小化,近年来引起了广泛的研究兴趣。本文综述了国内外研究报道的典型含氮杂环类三价锕系和镧系元素分离萃取剂,包括三联吡啶、TPTZ、BTP、BTBP以及以TPEN为代表的氮杂环取代胺类萃取剂,对其分离能力、稳定性等性能进行了比较,对萃取机理以及影响其萃取能力的因素等亦进行了说明,并对萃取剂的后续设计、改进提出了参考性建议。     

二烃基二硫代膦酸萃取分离三价锕系与镧系元素研究

三价锕系与镧系元素的有效分离是实现“分离-嬗变”先进燃料循环的关键环节之一。然而,由于三价锕系与镧系元素的物理化学性质极为接近,其有效分离一直是分离领域的难题之一。在溶剂萃取分离法中,含S、N等软配体的萃取剂表现出良好的分离性能。1995年,商业试剂Cyanex 301被发现能够从常量镧系元素中有效分离三价锕系元素,随后发现其纯化产品二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)二硫代膦酸对示踪量和常量的镧系元素中的三价锕系都具有非常好的萃取分离效果,并提出了分离工艺,进行了热实验验证。机理研究结果表明,二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)二硫代膦与三价锕系或镧系元素形成的配合物中以八配位的立方体为主。烃基换成苯基或氯苯等基团之后,没有分离效果,但在磷酸三烃基酯等中性萃取剂协萃条件下,具有一定的分离效果。最近发现烃基换成o-三氟甲基苯基后,可以获得非常好的分离效果。虽然二烃基二硫代膦酸的稳定性还期望进一步提高,对其萃取分离机理的认识还有待深入,但是由于其卓越的分离性能,在三价锕系与镧系元素分离应用中具有良好的应用前景。     

薄层色谱法分离镧系元素P204—P507体系的研究

近年来,由于薄层色谱在分离稀土上所具有的优点,不断受到人们的重视。有关薄层色谱法分离稀土元素的论文也有不少报道,其中Specker等人的工作最有成效,在核裂变产物中分离了镧系元素,国内有罗焕光等人利用P_(538)体系对分离镧系元素作了研究,宗巍等人用P_(204)体系分离测定了独居石中的轻稀土元素。我们利用二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸酯(P_(204))—2-乙基已基(2-     

分光光度滴定法测某些多齿配体与Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的稳定常数

制备了多齿大环配体1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷(L1);1,4,8,11-四(2-羟乙基)-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷(L2)和无环多齿配体;3-(2-氨基环己氨基)-2-(2-氨基环己氨基甲基)丙酸(L3),4,7,10-十三烷二腈三氢氯化物(L4),2,2′-(1,2-二乙基-双((甲基二氮杂烷基)二乙醇(L5)and 1,1′-(1,2-二乙基-双((2-氨基乙基)二氮杂烷基))-2-二丙醇(L6),并用FTIR,NMR和MS进行了表征,用配有二极管阵列检测器、蠕动泵和pH计的UV-VIS光度仪,经分光光度滴定法测定了它们与Ni髤的配合物的稳定常数。将稳定常数的数据与配体的开链和环状结构特性进行了关联讨论。还讨论了侧基对配合物稳定常数的影响。     

镧系元素双—11—钨锰酸钾的合成与鉴定

用改进方法合成出K_(13)[Ln(MnW_(11)O_(39)_2]·XH_2O(Ln=Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy)。通过化学分析、离子交换、电导滴定及IR、UV、XPS等对合成产物进行了鉴定。对其热性质和在溶液中特性进行了研究。在IR谱中.总趋势是随镧系元素原子序数增加,振动频率向高波数移动。得不到稳定的镧系元素双-11-钨锰酸溶液。热分析表明,镧系元素双-11-钨锰酸钾比12-钨锰酸钾具有较高的热稳定性。     

锕系元素分离研究:不对称双酰胺荚醚的萃取化学及应用

PUREX乏燃料后处理流程排放出的高放废液,集中了乏燃料中95%以上的放射性,其中半衰期长、毒性大的次锕系核素是需要在地质处置库中将高放废液与生物圈隔离10万年以上的因素之一。为了更安全可靠地解决高放废液问题,国际上提出了"分离-嬗变"技术,即利用化学方法,将次锕系元素和长寿命裂变产物元素从高放废液中分离出来,根据分离出来元素的性质,对其加以利用或使其嬗变。分离-嬗变技术中的关键是对高放废液中不同类别元素的有效分离。双酰胺荚醚类萃取剂对高放废液中三价锕系、镧系元素展现出了优异的萃取性能,尤其是不对称双酰胺荚醚,在保持相应的对称性双酰胺荚醚良好的萃取性能的同时,在缓解或避免萃取过程中第三相形成方面也有较大优势。本文就不对称酰胺荚醚的历史沿革、合成方法、萃取性能、配位机理、流程工艺以及三相形成等几个方面进行了综述,就多种不对称双酰胺荚醚萃取剂对锕系、镧系及其他主要裂片元素的萃取分配比、分离系数、三相形成临界参数等进行了比较,对该类萃取剂后续的结构设计、配位机理研究及流程应用等方向提供了参考性建议。     

穴醚晶体结构及其部分镧系元素硝酸盐配合物的荧光性质

穴醚晶体结构及其部分镧系元素硝酸盐配合物的荧光性质;穴醚; 晶体结构; 镧系元素硝酸盐; 配合物; 荧光性能     

辛基膦酸单辛酯的合成及其萃取镧系元素的结构-性能研究

合成了九个不同辛基结构的辛基膦酸单辛酯,测定了它们的正十二烷溶液在恒定离子强度和不同酸度的硝酸介质中萃取镧、铕和铅的分配比,并以外推法得到了归一化的分配比数值,从而进行了萃取剂结构与性能关系的研究。考察了辛基膦酸单辛酯的烷基支链化程度时萃取镧系元素的能力和分离性能的影响:随着邻近配位基团的烷基支链化程度的增加,其萃取能力下降;但一定的支链对萃取剂分子是必需的,如2-乙基已基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯和正辛基膦酸单1-甲基庚基酯皆具有最佳的分离性能。从空间效应解释了所得的结果。     

镧系元素杂多钨铬酸盐的合成与性质研究

自镧系元素双-11-钨硅(磷)酸钾于1971年问世以来,对此类配合物的研究引人注目。由于其具有优异的催化活性,可为催化剂研究提供依据。因此该领域的研究日趋活跃。本文首次合成了十种镧系元素双-11-钨铬酸钾固体配合物,研究了它们的组成和性质。 (一)实验 1.仪器与试剂 DDS-11A型电导率仪;Alpha Centauri FT/IR红外光谱仪;Q-Derivatograph综合热分析仪;Escalab-MKⅡ型电子能谱仪。试剂均为AR级。     

1^H、7^Li、23^Na、133^Cs NMR研究含氮大环醚双内酯和大环胺双内酰胺的配合性能

本文报道1^H、7^Li、23^Na、133^Cs NMR测定N, N'-二羧甲基大环醚双内酯(1-4)和大环胺双内酰胺(5), N-对甲苯磺酰基大环醚双内酯(6, 7), 4'-丹磺酰氨基苯并-18-冠-6(8)与Li^+、Na^+、K^+、Cs^+、Cd^2+和Pb^2+金属离子的配位作用, 并以非线性最小二乘法拟合计算了配合物的形成常数; 同时, 发展了一种用133^Cs NMR测量冠醚和碘离子竞争配合Cs^+的配合物形成常数的新技术。     

A direct15N NMR study of erbium(III)-nitrate complexation in aqueous solvent mixtures

The extent of inner-shell ion-pair formation of Er³⁺ with nitrate ion in aqueous mixtures has been studied by nitrogen-15 (¹⁵N) NMR spectroscopy. At low temperature, exchange is slow enough to permit the direct observation of¹⁵N signals for nitrate ions in the Er³⁺ solvation shell and in bulk medium. In water-acetone mixtures,¹⁵N NMR signals for the mono-and bis complexes are observed at low nitrate to Er³⁺ mole ratios, but only the bis complex is evident at higher anion concentrations. No spectral evidence for the tris complex was seen at any nitrate concentration. In water-methanol-acetone mixtures, signals for the mono and bis complexes persist even at higher nitrate concentrations, indicating a reduced tendency to ion-pair with increasing dielectric constant. Preliminary¹⁵N NMR results are presented for the nitrate complexes of other paramagnetic lanthanide ions.     

Proton transport properties in an ionic liquid having a hydroxyl group

An ionic liquid having a hydroxyl group, choline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([N(111(2OH))][N(Tf)(2)]), was synthesized to investigate the effect of hydroxyl groups on the proton transport. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-N-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfoneamide (HN(Tf)(2)) as a proton source was mixed with the choline derivative at various molar ratios. Their thermal properties, viscosities, and ionic conductivities were investigated. [N(111(2OH))][N(Tf)(2)] showed a melting point at 27 °C, and its thermal stability was higher than 400 °C. The viscosity of [N(111(2OH))][N(Tf)(2)]/HN(Tf)(2) mixtures increased as the acid molar fraction increased. The ionic conductivity of [N(111(2OH))][N(Tf)(2)] was 2.1 × 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 25 °C; the ionic conductivity monotonously decreased as the acid molar fraction increased. There was a clear correlation between the ionic conductivity and the viscosity for the mixtures of the choline derivative and the acid. PFG-NMR measurements were carried out to investigate the diffusion behavior of protons. Although the acid and the hydroxyl group were indistinguishable by (1)H NMR, the self-diffusion coefficient of the (1)H of the hydroxyl group and the acid was larger than those of other (1)H nuclei. This difference suggests that a fast intermolecular proton transfer exists between the hydroxyl group and the acid.     

Chemical analysis of mixtures of some heavy metals by means of differential reaction rates of ligand substitution reactions

The simultaneous determination of some heavy metals in their mixtures is described. The method is based on the differential reaction rate of ligand substitution reactions involving ethyleneglycol bis(2-aminoethylether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR). Various combinations at the 10^-6M level of heavy metal ions such as manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), mercury(II) and lead(II) can be determined photometrically.     

Relative volatilities of ionic liquids by vacuum distillation of mixtures

The relative volatilities of a variety of common ionic liquids have been determined for the first time. Equimolar mixtures of ionic liquids were vacuum-distilled in a glass sublimation apparatus at approximately 473 K. The composition of the initial distillate, determined by NMR spectroscopy, was used to establish the relative volatility of each ionic liquid in the mixture. The effect of alkyl chain length was studied by distilling mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, or mixtures of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, with different alkyl chain lengths. For both classes of salts, the volatility is highest when the alkyl side chain is a butyl group. The effect of cation structure on volatility has been determined by distilling mixtures containing different types of cations. Generally speaking, ionic liquids based on imidazolium and pyridinium cations are more volatile than ionic liquids based on ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations, regardless of the types of counterions present. Similarly, ionic liquids based on the anions [(C2F5SO2)2N](-), [(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2)N](-) , and [(CF3SO2)2N](-) are more volatile than ionic liquids based on [(CF3SO2)3C](-) and [CF3SO3](-), and are much more volatile than ionic liquids based on [PF6](-).     

Planar-chiral metal complexes comprised of square-planar metal and achiral tetradentate ligands: design, optical resolution, and thermodynamics

Planar-chiral palladium complexes {[[N,N'-[1,4-butanediylbis(oxy-7,1-naphthalenediyl)]bis(2-pyridinecarboxamidato)](2-)-κN(1),κN(1)',κN(2),κN(2)']palladium (PdL(4)) and [[2,2'-[1,4-butanediylbis[[(oxy-7,1-naphthalenediyl)imino]methyl]]dipyrrolato](2-)-κN(1),κN(1)',κN(2),κN(2)']palladium (PdL(5))} were synthesized from achiral tetradentate ligands N,N'-[1,4-butanediylbis(oxy-7,1-naphthalenediyl)]bis(2-pyridinecarboxamide) (H(2)L(4)) and N,N'-bis[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-7,7'-(1,4-butanediyldioxy)bis(1-naphthalenamine) (H(2)L(5)) bearing two dissymmetric bidentate units at both ends and a Pd(II) ion, respectively. The palladium complexes were crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with the unit cell parameters a = 16.5464(6) ?, b = 11.3534(4) ?, c = 17.6697(7) ?, β = 115.5300(10)°, and Z = 4 for PdL(4) and a = 17.2271(8) ?, b = 10.1016(5) ?, c = 17.9361(9) ?, β = 105.6310(10)°, and Z = 4 for PdL(5). The planar-chiral structures of PdL(4) and PdL(5) were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analyses, resulting in the fact that the crystals were racemic mixtures. The racemic mixtures were successfully resolved by using chiral high-performance liquid-chromatography techniques. Racemizations of the complexes were found to be drastically dependent on the arrangement of the charged or uncharged metal-binding N atoms of the ligands.     

Synthesis of Sequence-Selective C8-Linked Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents

An efficient convergent synthesis of a homologous series of C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers with remarkable DNA interstrand cross-linking activity and potent in vitro cytotoxicity is reported. The "amino thioacetal" cyclization procedure was used to produce the electrophilic DNA-interactive N10-C11 imine moiety during the final synthetic step. In order to construct the key A-ring fragments (9a-d), a versatile convergent approach has been developed to join two units of vanillic acid with alpha,omega-dihaloalkanes of varying length to provide the required bis(4-carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)alkanes while avoiding the formation of mixtures of monoalkylated and bisalkylated products.     

Dissociation Constant of Acetic Acid in (N,N-Dimethylformamide + Water) Mixtures at the Temperature 298.15 K

In the present work the thermodynamic dissociation constants of acetic acid were determined in (N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + water) mixtures over the DMF mole fraction range from 0 to 0.65 at the temperature 298.15 K by the potentiometric titration method. The dissociation constant in pure DMF was obtained by extrapolation and comparative calculation methods. The dependence of the acetic acid dissociation constant on the mixed solvent composition was fitted with linear multiple regression of the solvatochromic parameters of (DMF + water) mixtures at every studied composition.     

Synergistic extraction of uranium(VI) with mixtures of bis(hexylsulfinyl)ethane (BHxSE) and petroleum sulfoxides (PSO)

The synergistic extraction of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid solution with mixtures of bis(hexylsulfinyl)ethane (BHxSE) and petroleum sulfoxides (PSO) in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was studied. It has been found that the maximum synergistic extraction effect occurs when the molar ratio of PSO to BHxSE is close to 1. The composition of the complex of synergistic extraction was estimated as UO₂(NO₃)₂ ^.BHxSE^.PSO. The formation constant of the complex was equal to K_BP = 4.23±0.03. The effects of extractant, nitric acid, salting-out agent, and complex anion concentrations and temperature on the extraction equilibrium of uranium(VI) were also studied.     

Complexes of acid amides with polar aprotic solvents

Solid complexes of bis(N-phenyl)-pyromellitic acid amide with equimolar binary mixtures of dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide and N-methylpyrrolidone were prepared and studied by evolved gas analysis using mass spectrometry. The activity sequence of these compounds in forming complexes with bis(N-phenyl)-pyromellitic acid amide was established.     

Ideal gas solubilities and solubility selectivities in a binary mixture of room-temperature ionic liquids

This study focuses on the solubility behaviors of CO2, CH4, and N2 gases in binary mixtures of imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2mim][Tf2N]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2mim][BF4]) at 40 degrees C and low pressures (approximately 1 atm). The mixtures tested were 0, 25, 50, 75, 90, 95, and 100 mol % [C2mim][BF4] in [C2mim][Tf2N]. Results show that regular solution theory (RST) can be used to describe the gas solubility and selectivity behaviors in RTIL mixtures using an average mixture solubility parameter or an average measured mixture molar volume. Interestingly, the solubility selectivity, defined as the ratio of gas mole fractions in the RTIL mixture, of CO2 with N2 or CH4 in pure [C2mim][BF4] can be enhanced by adding 5 mol % [C2mim][Tf2N].