基于二层规划模型满意度的委托代理问题求解

主要基于二层规划问题研究非对称信息条件下的委托代理问题,分析委托人如何设计最优激励契约来与代理人达到双赢决策策略.具体思路如下:考虑到代理人对自身利益的追求,将代理人的效益函数与委托人的效益函数放置同一层构成双目标上层问题进行讨论,然后从不同权重条件下的弱有效解序列中寻找使得委托人和代理人都可接受的满意契约,实现双方共赢的目的.     

基于互动与反馈的概率语言多属性群决策模型

针对概率语言多属性群决策问题,提出了基于互动与反馈的概率语言多属性群决策模型。首先定义了概率语言的距离测度和概率语言矩阵的一致性测度,以决策者的总体一致性测度确定决策者的客观权重,结合决策者的主观权重以主客观组合赋权法确定决策者的最终权重;结合概率语言的距离测度改进灰色关联度法,以归一化的属性关联度确定属性权重;为达到群决策中决策者的最大共识度,建立了具有互动与反馈过程的决策模型;最后提出了基于互动与反馈的概率语言多属性群决策模型的决策步骤,并且通过算例分析证明了该模型的有效性与可行性。     

犹豫模糊环境下的变权综合决策方法及其在群决策中的应用

对因素权重为实数而因素状态值为犹豫模糊元的多因素不确定性决策问题,先由实数型状态变权向量导出犹豫模糊状态变权向量,由此得出犹豫模糊变权公式,进而建立犹豫模糊环境下的变权综合决策模型.然后将犹豫模糊变权综合决策模型应用于群决策,给出了相应的群决策算法.最后通过一个应用实例说明了本文所构建变权综合决策模型及相应群决策算法的有效性.     

基于模糊影响图与D-S证据理论的多属性群决策方法

针对影响因素复杂的总体评价问题,提出了一种多属性群决策方法。该方法通过模糊影响图构建多层决策模型,利用模糊关系矩阵传递专家的意见,利用证据理论集结专家意见。该决策方法利用属性间客观存在的模糊关系进行决策,不需要确定决策属性的权重。实例分析表明,本方法可行,有利于降低决策信息的不确定程度。     

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本文研究了经济代理人在劳动负效用情形下,考虑Knight不确定的消费和投资与退休选择问题.劳动则会带来代理人的效用损失,而Knight不确定将影响决策行为.代理人有权利选择退休.退休行为使得代理人避免了效用损失,却必须要放弃工资收入.本文利用动态规划方法解自由边值问题,得到了代理人最优消费和投资组合策略的显式解.     

基于相似度准则的试验装备采购风险评估模型

试验装备采购风险的决策问题具有复杂性、模糊性和群决策性.分析采购风险评估问题的层次结构,设计专家权重的有效算法,构建基于相似度的风险评估群决策模型并通过实例分析结果证明了方法的合理性和有效性.     

三元区间多属性决策模型

针对决策信息为三元区间数且属性权重完全未知的多属性决策问题,对灰靶决策模型进行了进一步的拓展研究,给出了适用于三元区间综合靶心距决策模型的赋权方法,根据各指标值的上、中、下限序列的信息熵得到改进的信息熵权,并与主观法得到的区间权重相结合,定义了一种新的区间综合权重.在此基础上,通过特征向量法将区间综合权重转化为最优权重来进行方案排序.最后以实例说明了这种赋权方法下灰靶决策模型的实用性和有效性.     

基于前景理论的智能输电系统改进灰靶风险决策模型研究

针对我国特高压建设与大规模可再生能源的接入带给智能输电系统的风险,文章提出一种在市场环境下输电系统的风险型多准则决策新方法。该方法基于已构建的智能输电系统风险评价指标体系,考虑指标属性与权重信息的不确定、模糊性以及决策者所持风险态度,结合改进的区间灰数与前景理论,构建了基于前景理论的改进灰靶风险决策模型,最后运用到智能输电系统风险决策案例验证了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

基于模糊的创新动态联盟伙伴选择多属性决策模型

针对开放式创新合作伙伴选择过程中决策者判断模糊性的特点,考虑到不同的决策者其决策可信性的不同,提出了开放式创新合作伙伴选择的模糊多属性群决策模型。首先描述了开放式创新合作伙伴选择的多属性群决策问题;然后依据该种方法比较突出的特点,考虑到决策者对评价指标权重的不同,对TOPSIS方法加以改进;最后,通过算例说明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于双混沌优化搜索的改进粒子群算法及应用

针对现有算法在智能电阻箱动态误差校正方面存在的收敛速度慢、计算精度低,且易进入“局部最优”的陷阱等缺点,展开对智能电阻箱动态示数校正过程的重构及设计,并对动态误差校正优化算法进行研究.在双混沌优化系统中添加扰动因子与指数自适应学习方式改进搜索策略;在粒子群算法中将惯性权重因子修正为自适应权重因子,将学习因子修正为异步线性学习因子以优化算法,进而提出一种改进的粒子群优化算法(AL-DCPSO).利用8个经典函数对算法性能进行测试后,将这种算法应用在某型号智能电阻箱动态误差校正的过程中,研究结果表明:改进后的算法具有更高的计算精度(达到0.001)与更强的寻优能力,且在优化过程中呈现出较强的自适应学习能力,计算过程较为稳定,鲁棒性有效提升,耗时在阈值范围内有所增加.其创新性在于将双混沌优化机制的优点与粒子群算法相结合,应用到智能电阻箱动态误差校正的过程中,对动态误差校正方法进行了一定拓展,为粒子群优化算法在具体实际优化过程中的关键参数选取与策略设计,有效提升算法优化性能提供了一些借鉴.     

Linear birth and death models and associated Laguerre and Meixner polynomials

We study birth and death processes with linear rates λ_n = n + α + c + 1, μ_{n + 1} = n + c, n 0 and μ₀ is either zero or c. The spectral measures of both processes are found using generating functions and the integral transforms of Laplace and Stieltjes. The corresponding orthogonal polynomials generalize Laguerre polynomials and the choice μ₀ = c generates the associated Laguerre polynomials of Askey and Wimp. We investigate the orthogonal polynomials in both cases and give alternate proofs of some of the results of Askey and Wimp on the associated Laguerre polynomials. We also identify the spectra of the associated Charlier and Meixner polynomials as zeros of certain transcendental equations.     

Distributive and Multiplication Modules and Rings

We study rings in which every ideal is a finitely generated multiplication right ideal.     

Affine-inscribed and affine-circumscribed polygons and polytopes

Five theorems on polygons and polytopes inscribed in (or circumscribed about) a convex compact set in the plane or space are proved by topological methods. In particular, it is proved that for every interior point O of a convex compact set in ℝ³, there exists a two-dimensional section through O circumscribed about an affine image of a regular octagon. It is also proved that every compact convex set in ℝ³ (except the cases listed below) is circumscribed about an affine image of a cube-octahedron (the convex hull of the midpoints of the edges of a cube). Possible exceptions are provided by the bodies containing a parallelogram P and contained in a cylinder with directrix P. Bibliography: 29 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 231, 1995, pp. 286–298. Translated by B. M. Bekker.     

Partitions and pairwise sums and products

A seven cell partition of N is constructed with the property that no infinite set has all of its pairwise sums and products in any one cell. A related Ramsey Theory question is shown to have different answers for two and three cell partitions.     

Ritz and harmonic Ritz values and the convergence of FOM and GMRES

The Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are approximate eigenvalues, which can be computed cheaply within the FOM and GMRES Krylov subspace iterative methods for solving non‐symmetric linear systems. They are also the zeros of the residual polynomials of FOM and GMRES, respectively. In this paper we show that the Walker–Zhou interpretation of GMRES enables us to formulate the relation between the harmonic Ritz values and GMRES in the same way as the relation between the Ritz values and FOM. We present an upper bound for the norm of the difference between the matrices from which the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values are computed. The differences between the Ritz and harmonic Ritz values enable us to describe the breakdown of FOM and stagnation of GMRES. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Beliefs and beyond: affect and the teaching and learning of mathematics

The importance of beliefs for the teaching and learning of mathematics is widely recognized among mathematics educators. In this special issue, we explicitly address what we call “beliefs and beyond” to indicate the larger field surrounding beliefs in mathematics education. This is done to broaden the discussion to related concepts (which may not originate in mathematics education) and to consider the interconnectedness of concepts. In particular, we present some new developments at the conceptual level, address different approaches to investigate beliefs, highlight the role of student beliefs in problem-solving activities, and discuss teacher beliefs and their significance for professional development. One specific intention is to consider expertise from colleagues in the fields of educational research and psychology, side by side with perspectives provided by researchers from mathematics education.