铈铁复合氧化物制备及其甲烷选择性氧化制合成气催化性能

用共沉淀法制备了CeO2-Fe2O3氧载体。在固定床反应器中研究了氧载体中晶格氧部分氧化甲烷的反应,并用空气为氧源进行了氧载体还原-氧化再生循环实验,通过XRD,O2-TPD,H2-TPR等手段对氧载体进行了表征。结果表明,CeO2-Fe2O3氧载体中的体相晶格氧适于部分氧化甲烷制合成气。新鲜的氧载体上存在二种氧：有强氧化性的吸附氧（包括弱吸附分子氧和表面晶格氧）和高选择性的体相晶格氧。在高温条件下（800℃）,CeO2-Fe2O3氧载体在消耗掉吸附氧后能均匀地释放出体相晶格氧将甲烷高选择性的氧化为CO和H2。循环实验表明,可以通过循环来提高合成气的选择性,经长时间的循环CeO2-Fe2O3氧载体上有CeFeO3出现,但其并未对选择性造成不利影响。     

钴系尖晶石型复合氧化物的甲烷催化燃烧性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了钴系尖晶石型Co0.5 M0.5 Co2O4(M=Mg、Zn、Ce)复合氧化物催化剂,考察了其对甲烷催化燃烧反应的催化活性,并运用FT-IR、XRD、BET及H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征.实验结果表明,Co0.5 Ce0.5 Co2 O4催化剂有较高的催化活性,与CoO. 5Mg0.5 Co2 O4和Co0.5Zn0.5Co2 O4催化剂相比,Co0.5 Ce0.5Co2 O4催化剂有较高的晶格畸变率、较大的比表面积和孔容、较小的晶粒度、较强的氧活动性和较低的甲烷催化燃烧表观活化能.     

Direct Production of Higher Oxygenates by Syngas Conversion over a Multifunctional Catalyst

Selective synthesis of higher oxygenates (linear α‐alcohols and α‐aldehydes, C OH) from syngas is highly attractive but remains challenging owing to the low C OH selectivity and low catalytic stability. Herein we introduce a multifunctional catalyst composed of CoMn and CuZnAlZr oxides that dramatically increased the oxygenates selectivity to 58.1 wt %, where more than 92.0 wt % of the produced oxygenates are C OH. Notably, the total selectivity to value‐added chemicals including oxygenates and olefins reached 80.6 wt % at CO conversion of 29.0 % with high stability. The appropriate component proximity can effectively suppress the formation of the undesired C1 products, and the selectively propulsion of reaction network by synergetic effect of different components contributes to the enhanced selectivity to higher oxygenates. This work provides an alternative strategy for the rational design of new catalysts for direct conversion of syngas into higher oxygenates with co‐production of olefins.     

Highly Active Steam Reforming Catalyst for Hydrogen and Syngas Production

Toyo Engineering Corporation developed a steam reforming catalyst, which is four times as active as conventional catalysts, for hydrogen and syngas production from light natural gas. The catalyst has over three years experience in 1500 t/d class NH₃ plant. Benefits, such as fuel saving, etc., by the developed catalyst are discussed.     

Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

Pt/MgO 催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应

用浸渍法制备了Pt/MgO催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、透射电子显微镜和程序升温表面反应等技术对催化剂进行了表征.考察了催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能.结果表明,Pt/MgO催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性,甲烷转化率与合成气选择性在120 h内保持稳定.以金属状态存在的Pt对甲烷分解具有较高的活性,从而使催化剂对甲烷部分氧化反应具有较高的催化活性.活性组分Pt的存在状态和分散状态非常稳定,而Pt/MgO催化剂具有较强的抗积碳能力,使得催化剂在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中具有较高的稳定性.     

Influence of Support Type and Metal Loading in Methane Decomposition over Iron Catalyst for Hydrogen Production

Natural gas resources, stimulate the method of catalytic methane decomposition. Hydrogen is a superb energy carrier and integral component of the present energy systems, while carbon nanotubes exhibit remarkable chemical and physical properties. The reaction was run at 700 °C in a fixed bed reactor. Catalyst calcination and reduction were done at 500 °C. MgO, TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ supported catalysts were prepared using a co‐precipitation method. Catalysts of different iron loadings were characterized with BET, TGA, XRD, H₂‐TPR and TEM. The catalyst characterization revealed the formation of multi‐walled nanotubes. Alternatively, time on stream tests of supported catalyst at 700 °C revealed the relative profiles of methane conversions increased as the %Fe loading was increased. Higher %Fe loadings decreased surface area of the catalyst. Iron catalyst supported with Al₂O₃ exhibited somewhat higher catalytic activity compared with MgO and TiO₂ supported catalysts when above 35% Fe loading was used. CH₄ conversion of 69% was obtained utilizing 60% Fe/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Alternatively, Fe/MgO catalysts gave the highest initial conversions when iron loading below 30% was employed. Indeed, catalysts with 15% Fe/MgO gave 63% conversion and good stability for 1 h time on stream. Inappropriateness of Fe/TiO₂ catalysts in the catalytic methane decomposition was observed.     

Rh／SiO2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应

 利用程序升温脱附、程序升温还原、程序升温表面反应、程序升温反应和化学捕获反应等手段，对Rh／SiO2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应进行了研究．结果表明，Rh／SiO2催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气机理属于热解－氧化反应机理．甲烷首先在催化剂上发生解离吸附，产生具有不同H／C比的化学吸附物种CHx（x＝1～3）．其中，具有较高H／C比的CHx可能是甲烷部分氧化反应的活性物种，而具有较低H／C比的CHx可能是催化剂上积碳并导致催化剂失活的来源．活性物种CHx在活性氧物种的作用下，生成含氧中间体物种CHxO或继续脱氢．含氧中间体物种进一步分解，即生成CO和H2；CO2也可由CHx或CHxO物种进一步氧 化生成．     

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Methane to Syngas over Supported Mixed Oxides Containing Ni and Pt

The activity of Ni, Pt, and LaNiO₃ supported on -Al₂O₃ is studied in the selective catalytic oxidation of methane to syngas at 900°C and a contact time of 0.002 s using dilute mixtures (1000 ppm CH₄ + 500 ppm O₂ in He). The grain size was 100 m. The method of X-ray phase analysis shows that supported LaNiO₃, both pure and containing Pt, has a perovskite hexagonal structure with altered lattice parameters. Using temperature-programmed reduction by hydrogen, it was found that the reduction of supported LaNiO₃ is simplified in the presence of Pt and/or Ce_0.2Zr_0.8O₂. The activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the reaction of selective catalytic oxidation of methane depends on their composition and oxidative-reductive treatment. It was found that, in the presence of catalysts based on LaNiO₃ and containing Pt and/or Ce_0.2Zr_0.8O₂, the reaction occurs with an induction period. It was assumed that the value of the induction period depends both on the dynamics of phase LaNiO₃ reduction to Ni, which is associated with the accumulation of carbonate complexes and surface hydroxylation, and on slow changes in the defect structure of Ce_0.2Zr_0.8O₂, which are associated with oxidation-reduction.     

催化裂解甲烷制备氢气和碳纳米纤维

采用浸渍法制备了Ni/MgO与Ni/O-D(氧化金刚石)催化剂,分别研究了反应温度和空速对甲烷催化裂解转化率的影响,并利用XPS、SEM、EDS等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,33Ni/O-D和41Ni/MgO分别在500与650 ℃能长时间维持其催化活性,前者在150 min内的甲烷转化率＞8%,后者则在120 min内的甲烷转化率＞25%;甲烷初始转化率随裂解反应温度升高而增大,但温度过高导致催化剂迅速失活;降低空速有利于提高甲烷的转化率,但却会降低氢气产量;甲烷裂解生成的碳产物形貌取决于载体和催化反应条件,较低温度(500和550 ℃)下,Ni/O-D表面的裂解碳呈现出纤维状,在650 ℃以上则表现为板结颗粒堆积并将Ni完全覆盖,但该温度下的Ni/MgO表面仍能形成碳纤维,并随空速降低存在直径增加的趋势.     

Fe/MnO-ZnZSM-5双功能催化剂上合成气直接转化为芳烃的反应

 探讨了Fe／MnO－ZnZSM－5（n（SiO2）／n（Al2O3）＝50）双功能催化剂上合成气直接转化为芳烃的反应，考察了反应温度和Zn载量对CO转化率及芳烃选择性的影响．结果表明，Fe／MnO－ZnZSM－5具有良好的合成气芳构化性能，在V（CO）∶V（H2）∶V（Ar）＝3∶6∶1，SV＝1600h－1，p＝1．1MPa，T＝543K的条件下，CO转化率可达到98．1％，芳烃产物选择性可高达53．1％．催化剂经60h运转后，CO转化率仅降低0．5％，显示了良好的稳定性和应用前景．