组织工程及周围神经修复

报道了聚d,l-乳酸在动物体内的降解速度和生物相容性,以及用聚d,l-乳酸为神经诱导管材料,对大鼠坐骨神经10mm断缺修复的研究.通过肉眼观察、组织学检查、电子显微镜观察、以及腓肠肌湿重恢复率、电生理测定等方法和手段,对神经诱导再生过程进行了跟踪,揭示了随着神经的再生聚d,l-乳酸管形态的变化,且对神经修复的效果进行了评价.研究表明:聚d,l-乳酸管可有效地诱导10mm断缺神经再生修复,是一类具有临床应用前景的神经修复组织工程材料.     

组织工程及周围神经修复——Ⅲ.聚d,l-乳酸管诱导神经修复的研究

报道了聚d,l-乳酸在动物体内的降解速度和生物相容性,以及用聚d,l-乳酸为神经诱导管材料,对大鼠坐骨神经10 mm断缺修复的研究.通过肉眼观察、组织学检查、电子显微镜观察、以及腓肠肌湿重恢复率、电生理测定等方法和手段,对神经诱导再生过程进行了跟踪,揭示了随着神经的再生聚d,l-乳酸管形态的变化,且对神经修复的效果进行了评价.研究表明:聚d,l-乳酸管可有效地诱导10 mm断缺神经再生修复,是一类具有临床应用前景的神经修复组织工程材料.     

糖超分子水凝胶在组织工程领域的研究进展

组织工程的一般策略是使用生物支架作为人工基质替代天然细胞外基质(ECM)支持细胞的生存和各项功能,从而形成新的组织.作为一类重要的生物大分子,糖质(glycan)是ECM的主要组分,其所承载的基质和信息功能使其成为一种极有潜力的制备组织工程支架的原材料.与此同时,基于可逆非共价相互作用的水凝胶,因其可以实现对水凝胶时空结构的精确操纵,从而模拟细胞所需的生存环境,促进组织的再生修复,近年来得到了重视和研究.本文从模拟ECM的结构和功能切入,将糖质功能与非共价作用结合起来,介绍多种糖动态超分子水凝胶的设计思路和构筑原理,讨论其在组织工程应用中需要实现的关键性能,并对其在该领域的发展趋势进行展望.     

功能高分子材料促进脊髓损伤后再生修复的研究进展

脊髓损伤后损伤区域神经纤维束的破坏,导致损伤区域以下长久的感觉和运动功能丧失.损伤区域恶劣的微环境是脊髓损伤难以修复的一大问题,大量的炎症细胞聚集、细胞死亡、抑制因子的分泌等,进一步导致损伤区域神经细胞的二次死亡、胶质细胞过度增生、胶原纤维沉积等.不利的微环境不仅限制轴突的再生,同时损伤神经干细胞的功能,不利于神经干细...     

含有锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米微粒的再生丝蛋白水凝胶

在辣根过氧化物酶/过氧化氢酶促交联(化学交联)制备再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶的过程中,通过引入锂皂土/聚多巴胺复合纳米材料作为第二组分,以调节反应并提高化学交联效率;再经乙醇熟化后,再生丝蛋白化学交联凝胶中可进一步形成物理网络,进而得到双交联凝胶.结果表明,第二组分的引入不仅能够提高再生丝蛋白化学交联水凝胶的力学性能,并有利于后续均匀物理交联网络的形成,致使最终所得双交联水凝胶具有更好的力学性能.同时,由此制备的双交联水凝胶传承了再生丝蛋白良好的生物相容性以及与交联结构密切相关的生物降解性,并具备了诱导干细胞成骨分化的能力,因而在软骨修复等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

TCP复合BMP-2促骨再生作用的研究

目的探讨TCP复合BMP-2促骨再生作用,为临床BMP-2的应用提供参考。方法利用16只雄性Wistar大鼠建立大鼠颅盖骨临界骨缺损模型,制备TCP支架及TCP复合BMP-2支架,并分别植入到动物模型的骨缺损处,术后12周测定新生骨形成面积并进行比较。结果所有实验动物无一死亡,全部存活,伤口愈合良好,未见感染症状。术后12周,TCP复合BMP-2组骨密度为(475.32±19.20)mg/cm2,而单纯TCP组明骨密度为(124.25±13.64)mg/cm2,两组比较TCP复合BMP-2组的成骨效果明显较TCP组为佳,差异显著有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论所制备的TCP复合BMP-2能改进单纯TCP的促成骨效果,具有良好的成骨活性,促进骨修复。     

负载蛋白质的胶原/聚两性电解质IPN角膜替代物

以碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)和聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)为交联剂分别对猪皮去端肽Ⅰ型胶原和3-(甲基丙烯酰胺)丙基-二甲基(3-磺丙)胺(MPDSAH)进行交联, 制备了具有互穿聚合物网络(IPN)结构的角膜替代物. 胶原基IPN角膜替代物的折光指数和白光透过率与天然人角膜相似. IPN水凝胶具有优于纯胶原凝胶的力学性能, 同时PMPDSAH网络的引入明显提高了IPN凝胶在胶原酶中的稳定性. 体外细胞培养实验结果表明, IPN角膜替代物支持人角膜上皮细胞生长. 通过冷冻干燥-溶胀后包覆技术可将牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和神经生长因子(NGF)装载到角膜替代物中, 负载药物的冻干凝胶可干态保存, 避免了湿态下蛋白质等活性因子的失活和漏泄; 再吸水恢复原状的特性可使角膜替代物完好地移植病灶部位, NGF具有良好的缓释效果. 此负载NGF的复合角膜替代物有望促进角膜组织和神经的再生.     

疏水多孔硅制备及其对水中有机污染物的吸附

以硅酸钠为硅源,盐酸为催化剂,三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为表面改性剂,经溶胶-凝胶和表面改性过程制备出一种疏水性多孔硅材料.采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱仪、接触角分析仪、氮气物理吸附仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和性质进行表征.结果表明:所制备的多孔硅具有分等级孔道结构(中孔-大孔),比表面积为566m2·g-1,孔体积高达2.28cm3·g-1,多孔硅与水的接触角为156°,显示出超疏水特征.对甲苯、汽油、柴油和润滑油的吸附量均可高达自身质量的14倍,丰富的孔道使其在几分钟内即可达到饱和吸附.这种多孔硅在汽油/水混合体系中对汽油具有较高的选择性,同时具有良好的再生能力.经正己烷萃取再生后,多孔硅仍能基本保持初始吸附容量.此方法制备的多孔硅材料在吸附分离污水中的有机物和溢油处理方面具有很好的应用前景.     

尿毒症患者体液内中分子组分的多级色谱分离比较及质谱分析

采用凝胶色谱、离子交换色谱以及反相高效液相色谱法, 将尿毒症患者的尿样和血样以及正常人的尿样和血样进行了多级分离和比较. 通过凝胶色谱法, 从正常人的尿液以及尿毒症血清和尿液中分离出相对于正常人血清具有异常高浓度的A, B 2个中分子组分. 不同试样来源的A峰中分子物的离子交换色谱分离结果证明, A-3亚峰中分子物, 是尿毒症患者因肾衰难以通过尿液将其排除故而滞留在血清内的重要成分, 正常人却可以通过尿液将其排于体外. 将来自尿毒症血清及正常人尿液的A-3亚峰中分子物经脱盐处理后, 进行了基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱分析, 证明A-3组分由分子量分别为839, 873, 1007, 1106, 1680, 2015的6种化合物组成. 最后, 采用反相高压液相色谱法对A-3亚峰中分子组分进行了进一步分离, 得到了6个只含单一中分子化合物成分的组分. 至此, A-3组分内的中分子物得到了彻底的分离和纯化, 为进一步确定其结构以及病理生理作用奠定了基础.     

优化分离与鉴定蓝斑背肛海兔口腔神经节蛋白质组

采用双向凝胶电泳技术优化分离蓝斑背肛海兔(Notarcus leachii cirrosus Stimpson, NLCS)口腔神经节(Buccal Ganglion, BG)蛋白质组, 并获得约300个蛋白质斑点. 用组合基质辅助激光解吸电离化飞行时间(MALDI-TOF)质谱技术和胶内酶解技术测定BG蛋白质组中的96个蛋白质斑点的肽指纹(Peptide mass fingerprint, PMF)图谱. 经数据库检索与比对后, 发现96种蛋白质中仅有4种蛋白质可获得较高的匹配率, 它们分别是微管蛋白(Tubulin)、 肌动蛋白(Actin)和两个1,5-二磷酸核酮糖-羧化酶/加氧酶(Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, Ribulose), 均属于神经细胞骨架蛋白质; 同时还发现一种交配信号肽前体(Peptide mating pheromone precursor). 利用LOCtrees软件和分类法对56种蛋白质进行亚细胞定位与分类.     

ROS Scavenging Graphene-Based Hydrogel Enhances Type H Vessel Formation and Vascularized Bone Regeneration via ZEB1/Notch1 Mediation

The regeneration strategy for bone defects is greatly limited by the bone microenvironment, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) seriously hinder the formation of new bone. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is expected to meet the requirements because of its ability to scavenge free radicals through electron transfer. Antioxidant hydrogels based on gelatine methacrylate (GM), acrylyl-β-cyclodextrin (Ac-CD), and rGO functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) are developed for skull defect regeneration, but the mechanism of how rGO-based hydrogels enhance bone repair remains unclear. In this work, it is confirmed that the GM/Ac-CD/rGO hydrogel has good antioxidant capacity, and promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The rGO-based hydrogel affects ZEB1/Notch1 to promote tube formation. Furthermore, two-photon laser scanning microscopy is used to observe the ROS in a skull defect. The rGO-based hydrogel promotes type H vessel formation in a skull defect. In conclusion, the hydrogel neutralizes ROS in the vicinity of a skull defect and stimulates ZEB1/Notch1 to promote the coupling of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, which may be a possible approach for bone regeneration.     

Generation and characterization of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with autoimmune disease

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs), a heterogeneous group of immune-mediated disorders, are a major and growing health problem. Although AIDs are currently treated primarily with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the use of stem cell transplantation in patients with AIDs is becoming increasingly common. However, stem cell transplantation therapy has limitations, including a shortage of available stem cells and immune rejection of cells from nonautologous sources. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which allows the generation of patient-specific pluripotent stem cells, could offer an alternative source for clinical applications of stem cell therapies in AID patients. We used nonintegrating oriP/EBNA-1-based episomal vectors to reprogram dermal fibroblasts from patients with AIDs such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Sjögren''s syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pluripotency and multilineage differentiation capacity of each patient-specific iPSC line was validated. The safety of these iPSCs for use in stem cell transplantation is indicated by the fact that all AID-specific iPSCs are integrated transgene free. Finally, all AID-specific iPSCs derived in this study could be differentiated into cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages in vitro as shown by flow cytometric analysis and induction of terminal differentiation potential. Our results demonstrate the successful generation of integration-free iPSCs from patients with AS, SS and SLE. These findings support the possibility of using iPSC technology in autologous and allogeneic cell replacement therapy for various AIDs, including AS, SS and SLE.     

生物材料表面性能调控骨髓间充质干细胞分化

结合细胞和生物可降解支架的组织工程和再生医学技术为组织、器官的修复和再生提供了一种新途径。骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)具有多向分化潜能,因其取材简单、来源广泛、增殖能力强,无伦理争议,免疫排斥反应小而备受关注。BMSCs在特定区域定向分化成为靶细胞是干细胞治疗的一个重要前提,尤其受到生物材料表面正负电荷、亲疏水和不同的拓扑结构的影响。材料表面涂层蛋白或接枝多肽能够促进BMSCs的分化能力,而生物材料不同的机械性能、几何形状也会影响BMSCs的分化方向。本文综述了近期生物材料调控BMSCs分化的研究结果,为基于BMSCs的组织工程和再生医学材料的设计提供借鉴和指导。     

Enhanced critical-sized bone defect repair efficiency by combining deproteinized antler cancellous bone and autologous BMSCs

Previously we have demonstrated that calcinated antler cancellous bone(CACB)has great potential for bone defect repair,due to its highly similar composition and architecture to natural extracellular bone matrix.This study is aiming at seeking for an optimal strategy of combined application of CACB and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in bone defect repair.In vitro study demonstrated that CACB promoted the adhesion,spreading and viability of BMSCs.Increased extracellular matrix production and expression of osteogenic markers in BMSCs were observed when seeded on CACB scaffolds.The cells ceased to proliferation in the dual effect of CACB and osteogenic induction at the early stage of incubation. Hence synergistic effect of CACB combined with autologous undifferentiated BMSCs in rabbit mandible critical-sized defect repair was further evaluated.Histological analysis results showed that loading the CACB with autologous BMSCs resulted in enhanced new bone formation and angiogenesis when compared with implanted CACB alone.These findings indicate that the combination of CACB and autologous BMSCs should become potential routes to improve bone repair efficiency     

Adhesive peptides conjugated PAMAM dendrimer as a coating polymeric material enhancing cell responses

This present work aims to functionalize poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with various reported adhesive peptides, including Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR), and Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (IKVAV) for enhancing cell responses. The RGD, YIGSR, or IKVAV functionalized PAMAM coated substrate could promote cell adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) within 1 h after incubation. The neurite differentiation and proliferation of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were also significantly enhanced after culturing on the peptide functionalized PAMAM dendrimers for two and four days. This peptide functionalized PAMAM dendrimers are considered as the potential candidates for various tissue engineering applications.     

骨髓基质干细胞在等离子体处理PEGDA基凝胶表面的黏附和增殖

通过低温等离子体技术对聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)/甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯(HEMA)共聚物水凝胶生物材料进行表面改性,以骨髓基质干细胞(BMSc)为细胞模型,考察了细胞在等离子体表面改性前后的水凝胶材料的黏附和增值行为,材料的表面性能通过 X 射线光电子能谱、接触角和扫描电镜进行表征.研究结果表明,材料表面经氩等离...     

Differentiation of human labia minora dermis-derived fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells

Recent evidence has suggested that human skin fibroblasts may represent a novel source of therapeutic stem cells. In this study, we report a 3-stage method to induce the differentiation of skin fibroblasts into insulin- producing cells (IPCs). In stage 1, we establish the isolation, expansion and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human labia minora dermis- derived fibroblasts (hLMDFs) (stage 1: MSC expansion). hLMDFs express the typical mesenchymal stem cell marker proteins and can differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes or muscle cells. In stage 2, DMEM/F12 serum-free medium with ITS mix (insulin, transferrin, and selenite) is used to induce differentiation of hLMDFs into endoderm-like cells, as determined by the expression of the endoderm markers Sox17, Foxa2, and PDX1 (stage 2: mesenchymal-endoderm transition). In stage 3, cells in the mesenchymal- endoderm transition stage are treated with nicotinamide in order to further differentiate into self-assembled, 3-dimensional islet cell-like clusters that express multiple genes related to pancreatic β-cell development and function (stage 3: IPC). We also found that the transplantation of IPCs can normalize blood glucose levels and rescue glucose homeostasis in streptozotocin- induced diabetic mice. These results indicate that hLMDFs have the capacity to differentiate into functionally competent IPCs and represent a potential cell-based treatment for diabetes mellitus.     

Engineering of a microfluidic cell culture platform embedded with nanoscale features

Cells residing in a microenvironment interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells. The ECM built from biomacromolecules often includes nanotopography. Through the ECM, interstitial flows facilitate transport of nutrients and play an important role in tissue maintenance and pathobiology. To create a microenvironment that can incorporate both nanotopography and flow for studies of cell-matrix interactions, we fabricated microfluidic channels endowed with nanopatterns suitable for dynamic culture. Using polymer thin film technology, we developed a versatile stitching technique to generate a large area of nanopatterned surface and a simple microtransfer assembly technique to assemble polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidics. The cellular study showed that both nanotopography and fluid shear stress played a significant role in adhesion, spreading, and migration of human mesenchymal stem cells. The orientation and deformation of cytoskeleton and nuclei were regulated through the interplay of these two cues. The nanostructured microfluidic platform provides a useful tool to promote the fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions and may be used to regulate the fate of stem cells.     

球形羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒的可控合成及其对间充质干细胞生长分化的影响

本文采用CTAB为添加剂进行球形纳米相羟基磷灰石(nHAP)的可控合成，并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和精密接触角测量仪对所制得的纳米颗粒的物性进行了表征。结果表明所制得的纳米颗粒为部分结晶的羟基磷灰石，颗粒为均匀球形，粒径约为20 nm，具有很好的亲水性。由该纳米颗粒构成的生长基质有利于骨髓间充质干细胞的贴壁、增殖以及成骨分化，是一种良好的骨组织工程支架材料。