高速传输系统中高阶PMD的影响

研究由于偏振模色散(PMD)引起的时域脉冲响应从传输矩阵的角度分析了包含各阶与频率相关的差分相时延(DPD)、主偏振态(PSP)对脉冲波形的影响,并通过仿真结果验证理论的有效性同时,也分析了PMD对系统带来的眼图代价,对40Gb/s系统做出了预测.     

旋转光纤对二阶偏振模色散的影响

论述了单模光纤生产过程中旋转光纤对二阶偏振模色散的影响. 从理论上指出虽然旋转光纤 有助于减小一阶偏振模色散，但是同时会使二阶偏振模色散增大，这对10 Gb/s以上速率的 光纤通信系统是个重要的问题. 关键词： 二阶偏振模色散 旋转光纤 动态方程     

PMD emulation

As PMD has become an increasingly significant issue in high-bit-rate fiber optic systems, a need has developed for laboratory instruments and software tools capable of rapidly exploring the effects of PMD on various test items. The random nature of PMD dictates that to characterize its effects on transmitter/receiver pairs and on PMD compensation systems, one must repeatedly measure the system performance over a wide sample space of PMD states. This need has spurred the development of several methods for accurately and rapidly emulating the random variations of PMD in real fibers, as well as techniques for generating specific components and combinations of first- and higher-order PMD in a predictable and repeatable way. This chapter reviews several of these methods for both statistical and deterministic PMD emulation. The underlying concepts and rationales for various design architectures are discussed. A common analytical model for describing multisection all-order emulators is presented and a simple design example is used to further illustrate the concepts.     

Numerical Modeling of PMD

A procedure for evaluating system performance considering all orders of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is presented. The method provides engineering rules for computing system penalty introduced by PMD. Computer simulation of PMD induced penalty indicates that for generating a realistic system budget, effect of higher order PMD in presence of chromatic dispersion is essential. Considering all of these penalties, in order to obtain a system-reach of 3200 km at 40 Gb/s, a fiber PMD of less than 0.04 ps/km^1/2 is required when at the signal wavelength chromatic dispersion is 0. In presence of 18 ps/nm chromatic dispersion for the same system reach this PMD value reduces to about 0.02 ps/km^1/2.     

Adaptive PMD Compensation in 10 Gbit/s RZ Optical Communication System

We report an experiment of adaptive compensation for polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in 10Gbit/s return zero (RZ) optical communication system. The quasi-real-time PMD compensation is realized. The algorithm so-called particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to control feedback compensation system.     

偏振模色散动态补偿中色度色散影响的研究

分析了色度色散(CD)对偏振模色散(PMD)动态补偿中偏振度(DOP)反馈的影响,模拟和实验验证了2．5Gb／s和10Gb／s非归零调制系统中光信号偏振度特性和系统误码率特性。表明有色度色散作用时信号偏振度值比仅受偏振模色散作用时要大．但误码率随色度色散量增加先轻度好转后就逐渐变差．偏振度值将不能如实反映偏振模色散对系统性能的影响。且信号两正交偏振分量间能量差别越小或差分群延迟越大,上述两种情况下信号偏振度值偏离就越远。这种偏离还随系统速率和色度色散量的增加而加剧。进一步探讨了实际偏振模色散补偿中减轻色度色散影响的措施,表明当系统中同时存在偏振模色散和色度色散影响时,必须在基于偏振度反馈的偏振模色散补偿前完成色度色散补偿。     

偏振模色散影响色散控制孤子传输的理论研究

采用变分法分析高速色散控制孤子在双折射光纤中的传输规律。首先建立了色散控制孤子在双折射光纤中的扰动传输模型 ,然后解析了偏振模色散影响下色散控制孤子各参量的传输演化规律 ,最后对解析结果进行了计算。研究结果表明 ,偏振模色散参量对色散控制孤子能量、脉宽的演化影响很大 ,当偏振模色散很大时 ,如Dp>0 .3ps/km1/ 2 时 ,必须考虑采用某些在线控制手段来有效抑制偏振模色散对传输系统的影响 ,然而 ,当Dp≤ 0 .1ps/km1/ 2 时 ,系统几乎不受影响 ,同时本文还证明了色散控制孤子抗偏振模色散扰动的能力强的这一特点。为研究偏振模色散对高速非线性传输系统、特别是色散控制孤子传输系统的影响提供了理论依据和研究方法。     

Polarization mode dispersion compensation in a novel dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying system

A novel dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying (DP-DQPSK) system is proposed, whose receiver is the same as the single polarization DQPSK system, while it does not need polarization de-multiplexing like the conventional polarization division multiplexing QPSK (PDM-QPSK). Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is mainly considered and PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system is studied. As the feedback signal for PMD compensation, the degree of polarization of the signals is discussed in detail. The results show that PMD tolerance can be improved by 89 ps within 1 dB optical signal noise ratio penalty after PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system.     

High-speed transmission limitations due to Polarization Mode Dispersion

In this paper, the impacts of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) on the performance of high-speed optical communication system have been reported at different bit rates. The two systems are modeled using older fibers with same PMD coefficient at different bit rates and third is with the new fiber with less PMD coefficient than that of the previous two. The attenuation, chromatic dispersion and non-linear effects have been disabled, so that all the variation of the results is due to PMD. The bit rate is varied from 2.5 to 40 Gbps and the length is varied from 1000 to 20,000 km. It is shown that the impact of PMD increases with the bit rate of system. It is also reported that the impact of PMD becomes intolerable at the bit rates of more than 40 Gbps. And also the PMD produces very minute impact on the system performance for same bit rate with the variation in the fiber length.     

基于偏振度的偏振模色散补偿中检测信号对不同归零码型的响应研究

从理论上数值分析和比较了一阶和二阶偏振模色散对各种光调制码型（RZ、CSRZ、RZ-DPSK、CSRZ-DPSK）的偏振模色散的影响,结果表明:不同码型的偏振度大不相同,RZ码受偏振度影响最大,CSRZ-DPSK码受二阶偏振模色散的影响最小,在补偿系统中更适合缓解偏振模色散.     

基于偏振度椭球的PMD补偿的前馈信息提取方法

通过建立一个简单的模型推导了偏振模色散与偏振度椭球的关系式,可以直接从偏振度椭球的长轴和短轴得到偏振模色散的大小.将得到的一阶偏振模色散大小与理论上从琼斯矩阵中计算的结果进行比较,发现在差分群时延小于20 ps时,模拟结果与理论计算值较好相符.分析了如何从偏振度椭球的长轴判断偏振模色散矢量的方向.因此,从得到的偏振模色散矢量的大小和方向信息可以为一阶偏振模色散补偿提供前馈信息.     

Introduction to polarization mode dispersion in optical systems

This introduction covers concepts important to the understanding of polarization mode dispersion (PMD), including optical birefringence, mode coupling in long optical fibers, the Principal States Model, and the time and frequency domain behavior of PMD. Other topics addressed include the concatenation rules, bandwidth of the Principal States, PMD statistics and scaling, PMD system impairments, and PMD outage probability calculations.     

一种估算偏振模色散影响的方法

偏振模色散(PMD)是一个随机现象,用不可用概率来评价其对系统的影响是比较合适的。介绍了不可用概率的概念,并阐述了一种估算PMD引起的系统不可用概率的方法。     

40 Gb/s光时分复用系统中两级偏振模色散自适应补偿实验研究

偏振模色散效应严重制约着长距离高速光纤通信的发展,偏振模色散的自适应补偿成为光通信领域研究的焦点。利用两阶段偏振模色散补偿器,采用6个自由度的粒子群优化算法(PSO),通过在线监测搜索光纤链路信号的偏振度极值作为反馈控制信息,在40Gb／s归零码高速光纤传输链路中成功实现了ms量级的偏振模色散自适应补偿。补偿前后采用庞加莱球法测量光纤链路中偏振模色散量,测量结果表明在信号中心波长1560．5nm处,差分群时延补偿前后测量值分别为21ps和1．3ps,而二阶偏振模色散补偿前后测量值分别为266ps^2和43．5ps^2。补偿后实验链路中的一阶和二阶的偏振模色散同时得到不同程度的补偿,并且系统的总的功率代价在误码率为10^-9时小于1dB。     

偏振模色散对多信道光纤通信系统信号的影响

利用耦合非线性薛定谔方程,计算了考虑PMD和非线性效应情况下8×40 Gb/s波分复用光纤通信系统中的波形及频谱.与不考虑PMD结果的比较表明:由于PMD的影响使得波形变宽,频谱分裂,同时通过比较还发现PMD对各信道的影响是不同的,这将有利于开发WDM系统中PMD补偿系统.     

A model to characterize the effect of cross phase modulation on polarization in an optical fiber transmission system

This paper presents a model that described the process of inter-influence between cross phase modulation (XPM) and polarization effects such as polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependant loss (PDL) in an optical fiber communication system. Previous papers have discussed PMD-PDL and PMD-XPM effects in separate models, but in this work we developed a model that is capable of characterizing and evaluating PMD, PDL and XPM simultaneously. From the model, we found that PMD and PDL can be affected by XPM. The presence of XPM changed the vector directions of PMD and PDL in Stokes space.     

4×10Gb/s OTDM系统中偏振模色散自适应补偿的研究

利用信号偏振度为反馈信号，基于可变步长最大值搜索算法实现了4×10?Gb/s 光时分复用 （OTDM）系统偏振模色散（PMD）自适应跟踪补偿实验.PMD补偿器为偏振控制器加可变时延 线的四自由度结构.最大差分群时延（DGD）补偿量为25?ps，即信号的一个比特周期，补偿 时间小于50?ms. 关键词： 偏振模色散 光时分复用系统 偏振度 自适应补偿     

Compensating Large PMD by Four Free degrees in an OTDM System

In this paper, by introducing a two-stages polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD, we compensated over 270ps first-order and 2000ps2 high-order PMD in a optical fiber link with super high PMD. Our experimental results shows that, the compensators based on the two-stages of compensator can be used to PMD compensation in a 20Gb/s OTDM system with 60 km high PMD fiber. Before compensation,270ps DGD is became into max. 7ps after compensation. At simultaneity, the tunable FBG have a function of dispersion compensation.     

Impact of polarization dependent loss on degree of polarization as feedback signal of polarization mode dispersion

Polarization dependent loss (PDL) has been recognized as a critical issue because various inline optical components may have nonnegligible PDL effect that interacts with polarization mode dispersion (PMD).We investigated the impact of PMD-PDL interaction on degree of polarization (DOP), which is the most commonly used feedback signal in PMD compensation. The simulation results of a 40-Gb/s NRZ code optical transmission system show that the maximum PMD increases from approximately 40 ps to more than 45 ps, while minimum DOP declines from approximately 0.6 to approximately 0.2. The interaction of PMD and PDL also induces residual PMD underestimation of 5-8 ps, which causes degradation of PMD compensation performance.     

粒子群优化算法在自适应偏振模色散补偿中的性能研究

反馈控制算法是偏振模色散的自适应补偿器的关键组成部分,将粒子群优化算法(PSO)引入到偏振模色散自适应补偿系统中。该算法的优点是具有快速收敛到全局最佳值的能力、避免搜索陷入局部极值的能力、抗噪声能力和多自由度控制能力。理论上分析了粒子群优化算法的两个分类———全局邻居结构粒子群优化(GPSO)和局部邻居结构粒子群优化(LPSO)在搜索全局最佳值方面的能力优劣,给出了局部邻居结构粒子群优化算法成功率达100%的三种邻居拓扑结构。实验表明:在补偿一阶偏振模色散时,全局邻居结构和局部邻居结构搜索全局最佳的成功率都能满足要求,全局邻居结构算法收敛速度快。而在补偿二阶偏振模色散时,全局邻居结构成功率降低,而局部邻居结构仍可以满足要求。