化学发光分析法应用新进展

评述了化学发光法在无机分析，有机分析，生物活性氧研究，免疫分析，核酸杂交分析和微全分析中的最新应用，引用文献44篇。     

掠出射X射线荧光分析

掠出射X射线荧光分析技术是全反射X射线荧光分析技术的延伸和发展，文章介绍了掠出射X射线荧光分析技术的形式，特点，基本原理和作者在实验室搭建的实验装置，简述了掠出射X射线荧光分析技术的发展史，以及该技术在化学元素微量和痕量分析及薄膜特性分析等领域中的应用，展望了这种技术今后的发展前景。     

中低合金钢中五害元素（Pb,Sn,As,Sb,Bi）的光电光谱分析…

应用日本岛津ＰＤＡ－５０１７真空发射光谱仪，测定了中低低合金钢中的五害元素，对分析条件进行了选择和确定，并讨论了分析结果和影响因素。本方法具有操作简便，分析速度快，准确度高，成本低等优点，在炉前快速分析与石油管材 取得较好的效果。     

原子簇产生的统计规律与结构分析（Ⅰ）

在原子簇质谱实验中，原子簇的产生是一个随机过程，因而其总体表现服从统计规律。本文通过对激光等离子体质谱中Ｃｍ，Ｓｍ，Ａｌｍ，Ｐｍ等原子簇的分析，发现质谱中同一结构的单质原子簇半度符合对数正态分析。当原子簇构型发生变化时，分析亦随之变化，根据这一规律可以判断原子簇的不同构型和变化情况，由此得到一个分析质谱数据的新方法。     

卡尔曼滤波ICP－AES法分析稀土元素及其对光谱干扰的校正

本文以卡尔曼（Ｋａｌｍａｎ）滤波ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法进行稀土元素分析，并研究了卡尔曼滤波对其光谱干扰的校正，以及富线基体元素对待测元素、待测元素之间的影响，考察了该方法的检出限、精密度和准确度以及影响滤波的因素。结果表明，该法能有效地消除和校正光谱干扰，减少对分析谱线的选择，改善分析的检出限，分析速度快，结果准确可靠，可适合各种稀土试样（高纯稀土、混合稀土）的日常分析。     

在XRF多变元体系因素分析中应用交互有效法选择体系的…

本文报告了在Ｘ－射线荧光分析多元体系因素分析中，应用交互有效法选择体系主组份的研究。本方法地基本参数法的基础上，运用交互有效法，通过最小预报残差平方和（ＰＲＥＳＳ）的计算，对体系进行了主组份分析，确定了该体系中的最佳维数和主要影响因素。选择体系中的主组份进行回归分析，剔去了噪声，模型稳定性增强，ＸＲＦＡ的预报能力和分析结果准确度有了显著的提高。文中给出了分析地质样品中十三个主，次量元素的实验结果和     

教学设计前期分析——物理教学设计系列讲座之二

前期分析（Front—End　Analysis）是美国学者哈里斯（J．Harless）于1968年提出的一项技术，旨在教学设计过程的开端就分析清教学中存在的问题，以避免后续工作无的放矢，浪费人力物力．在不同的教学设计过程模式中，前期分析的内容不尽相同，但一般应包括学习需要分析、学习任务分析、学习者分析和学习背景分析．     

原子吸收法测定溶液中的钯含量

采用原子吸收法分析乙醛催化剂溶液中的钯含量，使分析工作者避免接触有毒试剂，改善了工作环境，又缩短了分析时间，通过准确度与精密度试验，证明了原子吸收法准确可靠，操作简便，适应性强，适用于各种含钯溶液的钯含量分析。     

超声频谱分析中应用自适应学习网络技术进行缺陷自动鉴别的研究

超声频谱分析是把频谱分析用于超声检验的技术，本文介绍了自行设计的超声频谱分析系统和研究开发的对频谱与缺陷作出相关分析的计算机程序，超声频谱分析系统中，研制了超声频谱探伤装置，以微机作为基本工具，利用步进采样技术对缺陷回波进行采样，通过软件进行快速傅里叶变换，获得频谱信号，然后，应用非线性自动增长的自适应学习网络技术，实现了对缺陷的自动鉴别，对有尖锐边缘与平滑边缘的两类人工缺陷所作的定性分析与横孔直径的定量分析都获得了较好的结果。     

分光光度计的预热及其常见错误分析

本文经对本地区部分前沿单位考查发现，分光光度计的错误预热方法较为严重为了纠正错误预热方法，保证分析结果准确可靠，提高分析工作者的业务素质，现将其错误预热方法予以分析，力求达到统一正确使用方法，改正错误的目的。     

如何增强涡流管课堂演示实验的效果

让NdFeB小磁体在铝管中下落,通过改变铝管及NdFeB小磁体的尺寸,测量出NdFeB小磁体的下落时间.通过数据分析,得出了一些有用的结论,可供制作此类仪器者参考.     

用磁铁释放拾取钢球的液体黏度测量仪

研制了一种液体度测量仪.用锥形磁铁吸持和释放钢球使钢球沿量筒中心轴线下落,用磁棒拾取钢球使钢球免清洗重复使用,采用专门设计的量筒盛待测液体.分析了收尾速度计时起点的位置,并用MATLAB计算讨论.实验结果表明,该测量仪测量准确,不产生油污,操作简单方便.     

环形正负电子对撞机注入引出分布参数型冲击磁铁设计

环形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）是一台周长100 km,最高能量为120 GeV的双环对撞机。为了满足不同能量粒子从增强器注入到对撞环,针对W和Z能量模式设计了对撞环离轴注入系统,用于实现束流的累积。为了提高注入效率,兼容不同注入能量,不同束流填充模式,同时尽可能减少注入过程中冲击磁铁对其它束团的扰动,要求对撞环离轴注入冲击磁铁系统是一个上升时间和下降时间小于200 ns,脉冲底宽调节范围为440～2420 ns的梯形波脉冲放电系统。和常见的集中参数型冲击磁铁相比,分布参数型冲击磁铁具有更优越的动态响应特性,适合产生一个前沿更加陡峭、波形更为理想的梯形波脉冲。根据CEPC的束流注入物理需求,完成了一台分布参数型冲击磁铁的物理设计和结构设计,并采用了PSpice和Opera程序进行模拟仿真。设计结果表明：冲击磁铁由26级LC单元结构叠装而成,磁铁总长为1018 mm,磁有效长度为942 mm;在[-20,20] mm磁铁孔径内,磁场强度为0.042 1 T,磁场均匀性优于±0.2%;冲击磁铁系统总上升时间（10%～90%）为193 ns,下降时间（90%～10%）为191 ns。理论分析、...     

LiNbO3表面势抗屏蔽措施研究

铁电单晶体自发极化引起的强周期性表面电场可能用来代替Wiggler磁铁产生自由电子激光。但落在铁电晶体表面上的自由电子将逐渐把表面势屏蔽掉。本文提出一个抗屏蔽措施:在LiNbO₃极化晶面上每一个正极化畴区铺上一层绝缘膜,在上面再覆盖一层接地导体膜,可以防止电子对极化晶面的屏蔽。本文证明了在导体膜每部分两表面应电荷之和为零,落在上面的自由电子将立刻逃逸入地。 关键词：     

NdFeB永磁体下YBaCuO块材在交流磁扰动中的悬浮力磁滞特性

研究了交流磁扰动对高温超导块材和永磁体之间悬浮力的影响。实验分析了在零场冷(ZFC)条件下,不同频率的交流磁场扰动下的悬浮力曲线;另外还研究了交流磁扰动在永磁体下降和上升过程中对悬浮力的影响,发现上升过程中悬浮力受交流磁场影响较大,而在下降过程中影响则较为不明显,同时随着交流磁场幅值的增大,悬浮力的滞回曲线逐渐加宽。说明交流磁场导致了超导块磁滞损耗的增加,对超导磁浮特性的研究具有理论意义。     

Levitation and lateral forces between a point magnetic dipole and a superconducting sphere

The dipole–dipole interaction model is employed to investigate the angular dependence of the levitation and lateral forces acting on a small magnet in an anti-symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system. Breaking the symmetry of the system enables us to study the lateral force which is important in the stability of the magnet above a superconducting sphere in the Meissner state. Under the assumption that the lateral displacement of the magnet is small compared to the physical dimensions of our proposed system, analytical expressions are obtained for the levitation and lateral forces as a function of the geometrical parameters of the superconductor as well as the height, the lateral displacement, and the orientation of the magnetic moment of the magnet. The dependence of the levitation force on the height of the levitating magnet is similar to that in the symmetric magnet/superconducting sphere system within the range of proposed lateral displacements. It is found that the levitation force is linearly dependent on the lateral displacement whereas the lateral force is independent of this displacement. A sinusoidal variation of both forces as a function of the polar and azimuthal angles specifying the orientation of the magnetic moment is observed. The relationship between the stability and the orientation of the magnetic moment is discussed for different orientations.     

Bio-effects of high magnetic fields: a study using a simple animal model.

The desire to do clinical imaging and spectroscopy at magnetic field strengths greater than 2 Tesla (T) necessitates investigation of possible bioeffects at these high fields. A simple T-maze was utilized to evaluate the aversive effects of exposure to three levels of static magnetic field (0, 1.5, and 4 T). The right arm of the maze extended into the center of a 30-cm horizontal bore magnet, while the left arm extended into a mock magnet bore with the same dimensions. The self-shielded design of the magnet reduces the fringe field to zero within 1 m of the bore, placing the start box of the maze outside the 5-G line of the magnet. Each rat performed a total of ten trials at each level of magnetic field strength. A follow-up subset was run at 4 T with the maze reversed. At 0 T, the rats entered the magnet freely. No significant differences from the control were observed at 1.5 T. At 4 T, however, in 97% of the trials the rats would not enter the magnet. In the maze-reversed subset a majority of the rats turned toward the magnet, indicating that they had learned an aversive response from the previous trials at 4 T. However, in only 4 decisions out of 58 did the rats actually enter the magnet. Eighteen decisions to turn around were made at the edge of the magnet in a region of strong field gradients (up to 13 T/m) and a field strength up to 1.75 T.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Highly polarized very cold neutrons through a permanent magnet quadrupole

We obtained highly polarized very cold neutrons through a quadrupole magnet with a large aperture. When neutrons go through a quadrupole magnet, parallel-spin neutrons are attracted to the magnet axis and anti-parallel-spin neutrons are repelled off the axis. Therefore, the neutrons through a sufficiently long quadrupole magnet have completely parallel-spin. At the downstream of the quadrupole magnet, we placed another quadrupole magnet to divide neutrons into two regions depending on their spin directions. We obtained the neutron polarization from the integrated count of the two regions and found it was 99.88±0.09 (stat.)±0.05 (syst.)%.     

Scaling study for a high-field magnet for quasi-optical gyrotrons

The design of a 12 T superconducting magnet for a 280 GHz quasi-optical gyrotron is discussed. The gyrotron geometry requires a clear bore perpendicular to the magnetic axis through the center of the magnet, thus forcing the magnet to be formed of two separate sections. This causes the peak field on the windings to be over 14 T, and produces a double-peaked structure in the field. Calculations of mirror and cross bore RF heating and electron beam reflection as a function of the magnet and cross bore dimensions are presented, as are discussions of other tradeoffs in the magnet design. The conclusion of the study is that a suitable magnet is feasible     

Chaotic vibrations of a magnet near a superconductor

The forced vibration of a small permanent magnet near the surface of a high temperature superconducting ceramic disc is shown to produce period doubling oscillations and chaos. The source of these anomalous vibrations is the nonlinear, hysteretic force between the magnet and the superconductor. These forces are believed to be related to flux pinning and flux dragging effects in the superconductor in the type II state. A return map, based on the displacement of the magnet, reveals a single hump polynomial function which under iteration exhibits a bifurcation structure similar to the experimental results.