Pd2—CO簇的从头算研究

采用带相地论赝势的金属态原子基组，对Ｐｄ２－ＣＯ簇进行了从头算研究，按金属态原则和键态原则，计算ＣＯＤ 金属钯表面桥位吸附模型，并讨论吸附作用的化学键本质，认为将Ｐｄ２的前线轨道中占据的（５ｓ＋５ｓ）轨道的电子激发到空的（５ｓ－５ｓ）轨道，是其吸附作用的键准备态，此态既减少了Ｐｄ２（５ｓ＋５ｓ）轨道与ＣＯ的５σ之间的排斥，又有利于Ｐｄ２（５ｓ－５ｓ）轨道与ＣＯ的２π的π反馈。     

~1Σ~＋Ni─CO分子簇的从头算研究

采用ＵＨＦ及ＵＭＰ＿２方法，对~１Σ~＋Ｎｉ─ＣＯ分子簇的成键机制进行了从头算研究。计算表明，在σ空间，Ｎｉ~１Ｓ（ｄ~（１０））导出态的主要成键特征是ＣＯ５σ→Ｎｉ４ｓ的授键作用；而Ｎｉ~１Ｄ（ｄ~９ｓ~１）导出态的主要特征是４ｓｐ＿σ极化。在~１Σ~＋Ｎｉ─ＣＯ分子簇中总的成键机制是：ｄ~（１０）导出态中π反馈作用大于σ授键作用；而ｄ~９ｓ~１导出态中σ授键作用强于π反馈作用。由于接受配键机制一定伴随着轨道之间的重叠，因而为了给出合理的Ｍ─Ｌ作用分析，进行补偿计算是重要的。     

CO在Ni／TiO2上的吸附成键及活化解离的量子化学研究

用ＳＣＣ－ＤＶ－Ｘ_α方法模拟研究了Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ_２催化体系及ＣＯ在该体系上的吸附，结果表明，Ｎｉ沿金红石（１１０）面接近ＴｉＯ_３时，体系在Ｎｉ—Ｏ距离为０．１８ｎｍ处能量最低，这与实验结果一致。负载后的Ｎｉ与ＴｉＯ_２之间有较强的电子效应。金红石的中心Ｔｉ原子对体系催化性能无明显直接影响，但表面上与同Ｎｉ相联的Ｏ直接键合的Ｔｉ参与了金属→ＣＯ电子反馈作用，从而影响体系的催化性能。ＣＯ吸附于Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ_２后，σ轨道失去电荷，π轨道得到电荷，但π轨道得到的电荷量大于σ轨道失去的电荷量，因此，ＣＯ的活化主要是通过催化体系的反馈作用完成的。△（１π—４σ）和△（５σ—４σ）更能体现ＣＯ的吸附强度。ＣＯ／Ｎｉ／ＴｉＯ_２中Ｃ—Ｎｉ相互作用比Ｎｉ原子簇及Ｎｉ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３吸附ＣＯ后的Ｃ—Ｎｉ作用要弱一些，因而催化活性更好。     

含2，4－二硫代乙内酰脲分子片卡宾铁羰基簇合物的合成和结构

Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_（１２）与５个２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲ＳＣＮＨＣ（Ｒ_１）（Ｒ_２）Ｃ（Ｓ）ＮＨ反应制得通式为Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_８（ｕ３－Ｓ）_２（Ｌ）含卡宾配体的５个新铁羰基联合物（１～５），对其进行了元素分析、ＩＲ、~１ＨＮＭＲ和ＭＳ表征，并用Ｘ射线衍射法测定了簇合物３的晶体和分子结构，表明２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲分子片配位基：ＣＮＨＣ（ＣＨ_３）_２Ｃ（Ｓ）ＮＨ的卡宾碳具有ｓｐ~２成键特征，其Ｃ卡宾－Ｆｅ键长０．１８９８ｎｍ，３的分子几何构型维持母体物Ｆｅ_３（ＣＯ）_９（ｕ_３－Ｓ）_２的形状，其中卡宾取代了四方锥分子骨架基底平面Ｆｅ（１）Ｓ（１）Ｆｅ（３）Ｓ（２）的Ｆｅ（１）原子上轴向位置的一个端羰ＣＯ。     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

金属聚炔能带结构与化学键研究──Ⅰ．主链中金属对聚炔能带结构的影响

用紧束缚ＥＨＴ晶体轨道方法对含有过渡金属的聚炔化合物［─Ｃ≡Ｃ─Ｍ（ＰＨ_３）_２─Ｃ≡Ｃ─］_ｎ（Ｍ＝Ｐｄ，Ｐｔ，Ｎｉ）及［─Ｃ≡Ｃ─Ｍ─Ｃ≡Ｃ─］_ｎ（Ｍ＝Ｃｕ，Ａｇ，Ａｕ）进行了能带结构计算，发现在费米能级附近的导带或价带都是离域的ｄ－ｐπ键，这些能带对导电性起决定作用。根据重复单元碎片分子轨道和相互作用讨论了能带的组成与碎片分子轨道的相互关系。     

双核金属酞菁的离散变分X_α法研究

运用离散变分Ｘ_α方法对双核金属酞菁（Ｍ＝Ｖ~（２＋）、Ｃｒ~（２＋）、Ｍｎ~（２＋）、Ｆｅ~（２＋）、Ｃｏ~（２＋）、Ｎｉ~（２＋）、Ｃｕ~（２＋）、Ｚｎ~（２＋）等）系列化合物进行了量子化学研究，得到了其费米能级。总态密度、前线轨道布居等，讨论了它们的催化活性。     

含dppm桥的双核过渡金属配合物中金属─金属间的相互作用

应用ＥＨＭＯ法研究了一系列含ｄｐｐｍ双二苯基膦甲烷桥的双核过渡金属配合物［ＰｄＢｒ（ｄｐｐｍ）］_２，Ｍ_２Ｃｌ_２（μ－ＣＯ）（ｄｐｐｍ）_２（Ｍ＝Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ），［ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ｄｐｐｍ）］_２，Ｍ_２－（μ－Ｃｌ）_２Ｃｌ_４（ｄｐｐｍ）_２（Ｍ＝Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｒｅ、Ｒｕ）的电子结构。根据配合物的成键特征，对其金属－金属的相互作用进行了分析。计算结果可以作为解释这类配合物的某些物理化学性质的理论依据。     

含dppm桥的双核过渡金属配合物中金属─金属间的相互作用

应用ＥＨＭＯ法研究了一系列含ｄｐｐｍ双二苯基膦甲烷桥的双核过渡金属配合物［ＰｄＢｒ（ｄｐｐｍ）］_２，Ｍ_２Ｃｌ_２（μ－ＣＯ）（ｄｐｐｍ）_２（Ｍ＝Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ），［ＲｈＣｌ（ＣＯ）（ｄｐｐｍ）］_２，Ｍ_２－（μ－Ｃｌ）_２Ｃｌ_４（ｄｐｐｍ）_２（Ｍ＝Ｎｂ、Ｔａ、Ｒｅ、Ｒｕ）的电子结构。根据配合物的成键特征，对其金属－金属的相互作用进行了分析。计算结果可以作为解释这类配合物的某些物理化学性质的理论依据。     

微量吸附量热技术研究Pd-Cu/SiO2的表面吸附

应用微量吸附量热技术研究了室温Ｈ２,ＣＯ,Ｏ２和Ｃ２Ｈ４在ｍ（Ｐｄ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ）＝１／１」＝２％,ｍ（Ｐｄ,Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）「ｎ（Ｐｄ）／ｎ（Ｃｕ＝１／４」＝２％和ｍ（Ｃｕ）／ｍ（ＳｉＯ２）＝８％催化剂表面的吸附性能,并考察了Ｏ２对Ｃ２Ｈ４吸附性能的影响,结果表明,Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２具有与Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２数量相近的表面Ｐｄ原子,加入Ｃｕ可使Ｐｄ对Ｈ２和ＣＯ的强吸附位数目相对减少,弱吸附位数目相对增加Ｐｄ增加了Ｈ２在Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂表面的吸附量,加速了Ｏ２在Ｃｕ表面的吸附速率,Ｐｄ原子和Ｃｕ原子在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２混合均匀且分散良好,乙烯在Ｐｄ／ＳｉＯ２表面吸附有乙川,ｄｉ－σ和π吸附态。Ｃｕ的加入可抑制乙类在Ｐｄ表面吸附氧发生氧化反     

可变孔径膜及其应用

可变孔径膜是一类全新的选择性分离膜,其对物质的分离机制不同于目前一般的膜分离过程。在分离过程中,随着外界条件(如 pH 值、形成配合物、外加电场等)的变化,一这种膜的孔径或透过通道能够发生可控性变化,从而有效地对透过组分进行选择性分离。本文介绍了膜孔径变化的原理、膜材质选择与结构设计,以及可变孔径膜的应用。     

Monomer and Excimer Emission in a Conformational and Stacking-Adaptable Molecular System

A design strategy that combines molecular conformation, alkyl chain length, and charge-transfer effects has been developed to obtain conformational and stacking-adaptable donor-acceptor-π type molecules for precisely regulating the monomer and excimer emission in a single luminous platform under different environments. These fluorophores can exhibit bright monomer emissions when they are in the dispersed state based on their planar conformation. However, when the luminous molecules with short alkyl side chains are in the crystalline state, their molecular conformation can become distorted, further inducing strong intermolecular interactions and staggered π-π stacking for bright excimer emission. More importantly, their dispersed and aggregated states can be reversibly regulated in a phase-change fatty acid matrix, to achieve temperature-responsive fluorescence for temperature monitoring and advanced information encryption.     

Chasing the Elusive “In-Between” State of the Copper-Amyloid β Complex by X-ray Absorption through Partial Thermal Relaxation after Photoreduction

The redox activity of Cu ions bound to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is implicated as a source of oxidative stress in the context of Alzheimer's disease. In order to explain the efficient redox cycling between Cu^II-Aβ (distorted square-pyramidal) and Cu^I-Aβ (digonal) resting states, the existence of a low-populated “in-between” state, prone to bind Cu in both oxidation states, has been postulated. Here, we exploited the partial X-ray induced photoreduction at 10 K, followed by a thermal relaxation at 200 K, to trap and characterize by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) a partially reduced Cu-Aβ_1–16 species different from the resting states. Remarkably, the XAS spectrum is well-fitted by a previously proposed model of the “in-between” state, hence providing the first direct spectroscopic characterization of an intermediate state. The present approach could be used to explore and identify the catalytic intermediates of other relevant metal complexes.     

Promoted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Tuning the Electronic State of Copper Sites in Metal-Organic Supramolecular Assemblies

The electronic state in terms of charge and spin of metal sites is fundamental to govern the catalytic activity of a photocatalyst. Herein, we show that modulation of the electronic states of Cu sites, without changing the coordination environments, of two metal-organic supramolecular assemblies based on π⋅⋅⋅π stacking can significantly improve photocatalytic activity. The use of these heterogeneous photocatalysts, without using noble metal cocatalysts, resulted in an increase of the hydrogen production rate from 522 to 3620 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹. A systematical analysis revealed that the charge density and spin density of the metal centers are efficiently modulated via the modulation of the coordination fields around active copper (II) centers by the variation of the non-coordination groups of terminal ligands, leading to the significant enhancement of photocatalytic activity. This work provides an insight into the electronic state of active metal centers for designing high-performance photocatalysts.     

气相色谱-质谱法和主成分投影分析法用于烟用香精的分析和质量控制

采用同时蒸馏萃取法及气相色谱-质谱法对 AB6 香精中挥发性成分进行了提取分离与测定.定性了 15 种成分,占总成分的 80.5%(截除溶剂峰),其中 4 种主要组分在10个不同批次样品中含量的相对标准偏差分别为 3.9%,6.1%,5.7%和 2.2%,由此构成合格样品库,并采用主成分投影分析法有效地区分了掺有溶剂的 AB6 香精与 AB6 香精的合格样品,随着溶剂量的增加它们之间的距离越远,同时,不同品种的香精样品之间也具有显著的差异.气相色谱-质谱法分析和主成分投影分析法可用于香精的质量控制.     

Study of water solubilized in AOT/n-decane/water microemulsions

The state of water in AOT-n-decane-water microemulsions has been studied by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The existence of three kinds of water, which correspond to water populations with different degrees of organization, has been observed. Densities of these microemulsions have been measured. From these studies (FT-IR and densities), the apparent molar volumes of the different types of water molecules have been estimated. These apparent molar volumes, as well as their variations with respect to the composition of the microemulsion, depend on the type of water. The volume of the water bound to the ionic heads of the surfactant is lower than that for bulk water and shows a slight dependence on the molar ratio W. In contrast, no dependence on W is found for the volume of water trapped between the tails of the surfactant.     

Transition Between Solid-like and Liquid-like States in Soft Silica Suspensions

The influences of silica volume fraction, electrolyte concentration and pH value upon the stress dependence of elastic modulus G′and viscous modulus G“ were investigated. The results show that the suspension transforms from a liquid-like state to a solid-like state with increasing the volume fraction of silica. Such a solid-like state can be transformed back into a liquid-like state under the application of a larger stress. At the higher volume fraction, the larger critical stress is required to induce the transition from solid-like to liquidlike state. As the electrolyte concentration decreases or pH value increases, the inter-particle force increases,which causes the state transition to occur at a higher stress.     

能量最低原理在高分子化学教学中的应用探索

能量最低原理是自然界最普遍的规律之一,高分子化学中的许多现象都可以用它来加以解释。本文从聚合反应方向、自由基稳定性、聚合中的重排反应等几个方面阐述了能量最低原理在高分子化学中的具体体现,对用能量最低原理来解释高分子化学反应的规律和现象进行了初步探索。实践证明,在高分子化学教学中应用能量最低原理来讲解一些问题,会起到事半...     

Self‐Consistent Variational Transition State Theory with Multidimensional Tunneling Calculations in an Embarrassingly Parallel Scheme

Variational Transition State Theory with Multidimensional Tunneling (VTST/MT) has been successfully used for calculating rate constants of reactions in gas and condensed phases. The current software implementation of VTST/MT is, however, based on the assumption of a fast, serial evaluation of the energetic information of a given molecular structure. We propose a simple and effective parallel method for performing VTST/MT calculations utilizing a cost effective Linux based PC cluster. Five different parallel computing schemes for choosing structures and computing their Hessians along a pre‐defined Minimum Energy Path were developed. We found that the Energy Block and Asymmetric Cyclic Execution (EBACE) scheme, which is also most physically intuitive, results in converged rate constants with the least number of Hessians computed. We believe that carrying out the VTST/MT calculation in parallel makes it more attractive for calculating the rate constants of complex chemical systems.