改性Y沸石的孔结构与催化性能

测定了不同方法改性的Y沸石样品的N_2吸附和脱附等温线, 并计算了样品的微孔、大孔和二次孔的孔容和表面积, 以及样品的二次孔分布, 证实改性方法对样品的孔结构有显著的影响。同时, 还考察了不同尺码探针分子在改性Y沸石样品上的酸催化反应活性, 将所得数据与样品的酸量、酸强度和二次孔容相关联, 取得了满意的结果。说明对大尺码反应分子, 改性过程中生成的大孔径二次孔, 对提高沸石催化剂的反应活性是有利的。     

Catalytic Synthesis of Hexyl-naphthalene over H-type Zeolites

H-type zeolites（ HY, Hβ, and HM） were synthesized and characterized by XRD, NH3-TPD, and Py-IR. Selectively catalytic alkylation of naphthalene with n-hexanol to hexyl-naphthalene over the zeolites was carried out. The experimental results show that the catalytic activities of the zeolites are mainly determined by their acid properties and pore structures. The larger the pore diameter is, the higher the catalytic activity is. NH3-TPD profiles show that Hβ and HM have lower acid strengths than HY. HY has both the highest activity and highest selectivity for the hexylnaphthalene. Higher reaction temperatures and longer reaction time are beneficial to the production of β-hexyl-naphthalene over the HY zeolite.     

Fe-Zn-Zr/分子筛复合催化剂上CO2加氢合成异构烷烃Ⅰ.不同分子筛对催化剂性能的影响

 在Fe-Zn-Zr/分子筛复合催化剂上考察了不同类型的分子筛对CO2加氢反应性能的影响. 结果表明,不同分子筛对复合催化剂性能的影响不同,Fe-Zn-Zr/HY是合成异构烷烃有效的复合催化剂. 分子筛的酸性及酸强度对复合催化剂性能有较大的影响,中等强度和较高强度的酸性位有利于异构烃的生成.     

C2-C2直链烯烃在HY 和H-ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附

采用ONIOM(B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p):UFF)分层计算方法, 研究了C₂-C₅直链烯烃在HY 和H-ZSM-5 分 子筛上的吸附性质. 理论计算结果表明: 烯烃与分子筛的Br?nsted 酸性位相互作用形成π配位超分子复合物; 随着碳链的增长, 烯烃的吸附能增加, 增加量近似为一个常数(HY 分子筛: 约12 kJ·mol^-1; H-ZSM-5 分子筛: 约 25 kJ·mol^-1), 与烷烃在分子筛上的吸附具有相同的规律. 双键位置对烯烃的吸附能影响很大, 2位烯烃的吸附能 要远大于1 位烯烃的吸附能. 不同类型分子筛对烯烃的吸附性能也有很大差别, 由于局域效应的影响, 小孔径 H-ZSM-5分子筛上的吸附能大于大孔径的HY分子筛,而且碳链越长,这种差别越大.从微观结构上看,吸附的烯 烃与H-ZSM-5分子筛酸性位的距离要远大于它们与HY分子筛酸性位的距离, 这是由于不同类型分子筛的微孔 结构产生的范德华作用是不同的,这种作用随着孔径的减小而增强.前线轨道分析表明, 对于小分子烯烃,大孔径 HY分子筛对其催化活性相近,而小孔径H-ZSM-5分子筛随着烯烃碳原子数的增加催化活性有减弱的趋势.     

含有多级孔复合分子筛的复合催化剂上合成气一步制二甲醚

以Beta分子筛为核、Y型分子筛为壳层的多级孔复合分子筛(BFZ)作为甲醇脱水催化剂用于固定床中合成气一步法制备二甲醚,并与纯Y型分子筛进行了比较,研究了二甲醚合成催化反应活性与甲醇脱水催化剂孔道结构和酸性之间的关系.结果表明,复合分子筛HBFZ具有中等强度的酸性和中孔孔道结构,有利于提高合成气制备二甲醚的催化反应活性.二甲醚直接合成催化剂由工业CuO/ZnO/Al₂O₃催化剂(CZA)与分子筛(HBFZ、HY)采用机械混合方法制备;催化评价结果显示,CZA/HBFZ比CZA/HY具有更优的催化活性和稳定性.在250 ℃, 5.0 MPa 和 1 500 h^-1的反应条件下,CZA/HBFZ催化剂上CO的转化率和DME的选择性分别达到94.2%和67.9%.     

笼状烃金刚烷的新合成方法

笼状烃金刚烷的新合成方法米镇涛郭建维邱立勤（天津大学化工学院天津３０００７２）关键词金刚烷，沸石，催化异构金刚烷（三环［３．３．１．１［３，７］癸烷）是一种周正对称、非常稳定的笼状烃，是由１０个碳原子和１６个氢原子构成的环状四面体碳氢化合物，基本骨...     

Oxidative degradation of EVA copolymers in the presence of catalysts

A study of the catalytic degradation of EVA copolymers under air atmosphere has been carried out using thermogravimety (TG). Three commercial EVA copolymers and five zeolites and related materials catalysts have been selected. The degradation process in air atmosphere involves four main decomposition steps (as observed in TG), being more complex than the corresponding process in inert atmosphere. The presence of MCM-41, HY and H-β does not seem to noticeably affect to the overall degradation temperature, despite the temperature of maximum reaction rate for the second decomposition step being slightly displaced towards lower temperatures. Contrarily, the presence of HZSM-5 and HUSY zeolites seems to displace the main stage of the oxidative degradation process towards higher temperatures. Moreover, the relative importance of the second and third decomposition step is different depending on the amount and the nature of the zeolite mixed with the EVA sample. The results obtained show that the presence of the catalyst also enhances the formation of the carbonous residue.     

苯甲醚在复合催化剂上的催化酰化

复合催化剂首次用于催化苯甲醚与酰化剂乙酰氯的酰化反应.发现不同沸石的单独使用仅给出很低产率的对-甲氧基苯乙酮.但是由HY沸石(硅铝比=40)或USY(超稳Y沸石)和SnO组成的复合催化剂的催化活性比单独使用沸石时高得多.增加由USY沸石和不同量的SnO组成的复合催化剂中的SnO的量,导致对-甲氧基苯乙酮产率的提高.由H型沸石(HY和H-ZSM-5沸石)和SnO组成的复合催化剂在苯甲醚与乙酰氯的酰化反应中的催化活性主要取决于所用沸石的硅铝比.     

分子筛表面酸性对微波固相法制备ZnCl2/Y催化剂的影响

 采用XRD和原子吸收光谱法研究了微波作用下分子筛表面酸性对ZnCl2与Y分子筛固态相互作用的影响．结果表明，微波辐射可显著促进ZnCl2在分子筛表面分散，其分散阈值与分子筛表面酸性有关．随着分子筛表面酸量和酸强度增加，ZnCl2在分子筛表面的最大分散量减少，分散的ZnCl2与Y分子筛的固态离子交换量也减少；NaY型分子筛比HY分子筛更容易发生固态离子交换反应．考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／HY催化剂在苯甲醚与乙酰氯酰化反应中的催化性能．结果表明，在分子筛表面分散的ZnCl2具有更高的催化活性及对甲氧基苯乙酮选择性．     

Reactivities of tetraalkyltin complexes toward Pt/HY zeolite

Tetraalkyltin complexes, SnR₄ (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu) could react with Pt/HY at 193, 243, 273 and 333 K, respectively. The reactions occurred on the surface of the zeolite and the organotin grafted zeolites were characterized in detail. The framework and the microporous structure of the grafted Pt/HY zeolites were retained. However, the modified zeolites showed better size selectivity in the absorption of hydrocarbons.     

Catalytic Acylation of Ethylidenecyclohexane over Zeolite Catalysts

Beak et al[1 ] reported that the acylation of ethylidenecyclohexane( EDC) using zincchloride as a catalyst gave 3 -( 1 -cyclohexenyl) -2 -butanone( CHB) in good yield.However,it is pity that they provided only little information about reaction conditions,and no information on comparison of activities of various catalysts. Itis well known thatconventional Zn Cl2 catalyst leads to a great number of environmental pollution,whichcould be mainly overcome by use of the solid catalysts as we have …     

Selective methane chlorination to methyl chloride by zeolite Y-based catalysts

The CH₄ chlorination over Y zeolites was investigated to produce CH₃Cl in a high yield. Three different catalytic systems based on Y zeolite were tested for enhancement of CH₄ conversion and CH₃Cl selectivity: (i) HY zeolites in H⁺-form having various Si/Al ratios, (ii) Pt/HY zeolites supporting Pt metal nanoparticles, (iii) Pt/NaY zeolites in Na⁺-form supporting Pt metal nanoparticles. The reaction was carried out using the gas mixture of CH₄ and Cl₂ with the respective flow rates of 15 and 10 mL min⁻¹ at 300–350 °C using a fixed-bed reactor under a continuous gas flow condition (gas hourly space velocity = 3000 mL g⁻¹ h⁻¹). Above the reaction temperature of 300 °C, the CH₄ chlorination is spontaneous even in the absence of catalyst, achieving 23.6% of CH₄ conversion with 73.4% of CH₃Cl selectivity. Under sufficient supplement of thermal energy, Cl₂ molecules can be dissociated to two chlorine radicals, which triggered the C-H bond activation of CH₄ molecule and thereby various chlorinated methane products (i.e., CH₃Cl, CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, CCl₄) could be produced. When the catalysts were used under the same reaction condition, enhancement in the CH₄ conversion was observed. The Pt-free HY zeolite series with varied Si/Al ratios gave around 27% of CH₄ conversion, but there was a slight decrease in CH₃Cl selectivity with about 64%. Despite the difference in acidity of HY zeolites having different Si/Al ratios, no prominent effect of the Si/Al ratios on the catalytic performance was observed. This suggests that the catalytic contribution of HY zeolites under the present reaction condition is not strong enough to overcome the spontaneous CH₄ chlorination. When the Pt/HY zeolite catalysts were used, the CH₄ conversion reached further up to 30% but the CH₃Cl selectivity decreased to 60%. Such an enhancement of CH₄ conversion could be attributed to the strong catalytic activity of HY and Pt/HY zeolite catalysts. However, both catalysts induced the radical cleavage of Cl₂ more favorably, which ultimately decreased the CH₃Cl selectivity. Such trade-off relationship between CH₄ conversion and CH₃Cl selectivity can be slightly broken by using Pt/NaY zeolite catalyst that is known to possess Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLP) that are very useful for ionic cleavage of H₂ to H⁺ and H⁻. Similarly, in the present work, Pt/NaY(FLP) catalysts enhanced the CH₄ conversion while keeping the CH₃Cl selectivity as compared to the Pt/HY zeolite catalysts.     

Alkylation of Ethylbenzene with Methanol on HY,HM and HZSM-5 Zeolite

The alkylation of ethylbenzene with methanol on various zeolites has been studied at atmospheric pressure, 300–500 °C and with ethylbenzene/methanol = 3 mol/mol in a fixed-bed, integral-flow reactor. The catalytic activity decreased in the order HZSM-5 > HY > HM. The optimum conditions for the formation of ethyltoluene were HY zeolite, 400 °C and W/F = 4.1 g-cat h/g-feed. The catalyst decay rate increased in the order HZSM-5 << HY < HM; coking of the zeolite increased the fraction of para-isomer in the ethyltoluenes. On HZSM-5 modified with alkaline earth metal, the conversion of ethylbenzene decreased with concomitantly increased selectivity of para-ethyltoluene especially evident in cases of magnesium and calcium (> 93% para-selectivity). These results are interpreted in terms of diminution of both the strong acid sites and the pore size of zeolites. For the reaction on HY at 400 °C, the reaction paths were determined; the ethylbenzene reacted via alkylation, disproportionation and dealkylation with initial selectivities 84.7%, 13.1% and 2.2%, respectively.     

复合分子筛催化微晶纤维素水解

采用水热晶化法制备了HY/ZSM-5复合分子筛。通过XRD、SEM、N2-吸附脱附、NH3-TPD及吡啶吸附红外光谱等手段表征催化剂的结构和性质。结果表明,HY与HZSM-5复合后HY型分子筛完全被HZSM-5紧密包裹,形成致密的核壳结构。与机械混合物相比,复合分子筛微孔比表面积及孔体积均有所减少,总酸量略高,弱酸量小,而强酸量大,Br9nsted酸量与之相似,而Lewis酸量有所减少。将所制备的HY/ZSM-5复合分子筛催化剂应用于以离子液体氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([Emim]Cl)为溶剂的纤维素水解反应中,与HY催化的纤维素水解相比,HY/ZSM-5催化纤维素水解反应获得的最佳葡萄糖收率由28.04%提高到38.78%,葡萄糖选择性由28.91%提高至48.29%。     

催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制

以HY、NiY和稀土离子改性的Y分子筛(REY)为研究对象,采用固定床装置评价噻吩模拟油催化裂化性能;运用气相色谱-氢火焰离子发光检测器(GC-FID)、气相色谱-硫化学发光检测器(GC-SCD)和原位红外光谱技术分析产物,关联分子筛的酸性,研究催化裂化条件下噻吩与改性Y分子筛的作用机制。实验结果表明,催化裂化条件下,噻吩与分子筛的作用机制差异主要取决于与B酸或L酸相关的非骨架铝物种或金属离子物种的存在形式。其中,NiY分子筛中,噻吩主要是吸附在与NiOH⁺物种相关的L酸中心,而Ni₄AlO₄³⁺等物种减弱B酸性中心从而降低其裂化性能。对HY来说,噻吩易在与AlO⁺等物种相邻的B酸中心上聚合形成三联噻吩,并发生一定的氢转移和裂化反应;而对REY而言,分子筛中与RE物种相关的L酸位会促进噻吩在与非骨架铝羟基等物种(如Al(OH)₂⁺、Al(OH)²⁺等)相邻的B酸中心形成的二联噻吩发生氢转移和裂化反应。     

LaHZSM—5沸石的制备及其裂解性能研究

用常压和水热法制备了具有不同交换度的LaHZSM-5沸石,以XPS、IR、XRD及正十五烷裂解对其进行了表征。结果表明,水热法可获得较高交换度的LaHZSM-5沸石。La~(3+)交换的沸石较相同Si/Al比的HZSM-5沸石活性高,对气体的选择性降低,提高了C_(5～10)馏分的选择性。     

Trimethylamine as a probe molecule to differentiate acid sites in Y-FAU zeolite: FTIR study

In heterogeneous catalysis acidity has a very important influence on activity and selectivity: correct determination of acidic properties is a base to improve industrial processes. The aim of this work was to study trimethylamine (TMA) as a probe molecule able to distinguish between the different Br?nsted acid sites in zeolitic frameworks. Our work mainly focused on faujasite-type zeolites because the HY zeolite is one of the most used acidic catalysts in industrial processes. In this paper, typical IR bands assigned to TMA-protonated species (formed in supercages) are detected in the HY zeolite. TMA interacting by hydrogen bonding with the acid sites located in the sodalite units is also observed. The wavenumbers of some typical IR bands assigned to TMA-protonated species appear to depend on the acidic strength, and a complementary study with ZSM-5 and X-FAU samples confirms this proposition.     

乙醇在双功能Pd－Cu／分子筛催化剂上气相氧化酯化一步合成乙酸乙酯

研究了乙醇在双功能Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／分子筛催化剂上一步合成乙酸乙酯的反应，发现Ｐｄ是氧化活性中心的主组分，ＣＵ主要对Ｐｄ的氧化功能起调变作用，以减少乙醇深度氧化副反应，提高酯化选择性．分子筛的酸性强弱对活性，特别是对酯化选择性有明显的影响，酯化要求在较强的酸中心上进行．探讨了氧化活性中心和酸中心的匹配关系以及ＣＵ对Ｐｄ的调变作用，提出了乙醇氧化酯化机理．     

Synthesis of 3-(1-Cyclohexenyl)-2-butanone via Environmentally Friendly Catalysts

Introduction3- ( 1 - Cyclohexenyl) - 2 - butanone( CHB) is oneofthe importantchemicals and has a potential valuein perfume industry.Beak et al.[1] reported thatthe acylation of ethylidenecyclohexane( EDC) withzinc chloride as a catalystgave3- ( 1 - cyclohexenyl) -2 - butanone in a good yield,butthey have notmadea more detailed investigation.The use of such aconventional catalyst as zinc chloride leads to anumber of problems such as corrosion,unclean re-action products and the disposal of pot…     

三聚异丁烯的催化酰化

室温下FeCl3用于催化三聚异丁烯(TIB)与乙酸酐的酰化反应.发现FeCl3在所研究的催化剂中是最有效的.考察了FeCl3的用量、乙酸酐的用量和反应时间等因素对该酰化反应的影响.该反应产生一种混合物,其中两种产物是主要的.当反应在1 mmol TIB/15 mmol乙酸酐/0.50 mmol FeCl3/0.43 g氯仿和25℃下进行2 h时,生成的两种主要产物的总产率为69%.另外,反应在由沸石和FeCl3或P2O5组成的共催化剂存在下进行.该反应也用HY和H-β沸石之类的多相催化剂进行了尝试.负载FeCl3的HY和H-β沸石催化剂比FeCl3具有更高的催化活性和选择性.