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1.
A triangle is a family of three sets A,B,C such that A∩B, B∩C, C∩A are each nonempty, and
. Let
be a family of r-element subsets of an n-element set, containing no triangle. Our main result implies that for r ≥ 3 and n ≥ 3r/2, we have
This settles a longstanding conjecture of Erdős [7], by improving on earlier results of Bermond, Chvátal, Frankl, and Füredi.
We also show that equality holds if and only if
consists of all r-element subsets containing a fixed element.
Analogous results are obtained for nonuniform families. 相似文献
2.
For an l-graph
, the Turán number
is the maximum number of edges in an n-vertex l-graph
containing no copy of
. The limit
is known to exist [8]. The Ramsey–Turán density
is defined similarly to
except that we restrict to only those
with independence number o(n). A result of Erdős and Sós [3] states that
as long as for every edge E of
there is another edge E′of
for which |E∩E′|≥2. Therefore a natural question is whether there exists
for which
.
Another variant
proposed in [3] requires the stronger condition that every set of vertices of
of size at least εn (0<ε<1) has density bounded below by some threshold. By definition,
for every
. However, even
is not known for very many l-graphs
when l>2.
We prove the existence of a phenomenon similar to supersaturation for Turán problems for hypergraphs. As a consequence, we
construct, for each l≥3, infinitely many l-graphs
for which
.
We also prove that the 3-graph
with triples 12a, 12b, 12c, 13a, 13b, 13c, 23a, 23b, 23c, abc, satisfies
. The existence of a hypergraph
satisfying
was conjectured by Erdős and Sós [3], proved by Frankl and R?dl [6], and later by Sidorenko [14]. Our short proof is based
on different ideas and is simpler than these earlier proofs.
* Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-9970325 and DMS-0400812, and an Alfred P.
Sloan Research Fellowship.
† Research supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants DMS-0071261 and DMS-0300529. 相似文献
3.
Michael Capalbo 《Combinatorica》2005,25(4):379-391
Here we solve an open problem considered by various researchers by presenting the first explicit constructions of an infinite
family
of bounded-degree ‘unique-neighbor’ concentrators Γ; i.e., there are strictly positive constants α and ε, such that all Γ = (X,Y,E(Γ)) ∈
satisfy the following properties. The output-set Y has cardinality
times that of the input-set X, and for each subset S of X with no more than α|X| vertices, there are at least ε|S| vertices in Y that are adjacent in Γ to exactly one vertex in S. Also, the construction of
is simple to specify, and each
has fewer than
edges. We then modify
to obtain explicit unique-neighbor concentrators of maximum degree 3.
* Supported by NSF grant CCR98210-58 and ARO grant DAAH04-96-1-0013. 相似文献
4.
Let Δn−1 denote the (n − 1)-dimensional simplex. Let Y be a random 2-dimensional subcomplex of Δn−1 obtained by starting with the full 1-dimensional skeleton of Δn−1 and then adding each 2−simplex independently with probability p. Let
denote the first homology group of Y with mod 2 coefficients. It is shown that for any function ω(n) that tends to infinity
* Supported by an Israel Science Foundation grant. 相似文献
5.
Let
be the 2k-uniform hypergraph obtained by letting P1, . . .,Pr be pairwise disjoint sets of size k and taking as edges all sets Pi∪Pj with i ≠ j. This can be thought of as the ‘k-expansion’ of the complete graph Kr: each vertex has been replaced with a set of size k. An example of a hypergraph with vertex set V that does not contain
can be obtained by partitioning V = V1 ∪V2 and taking as edges all sets of size 2k that intersect each of V1 and V2 in an odd number of elements. Let
denote a hypergraph on n vertices obtained by this construction that has as many edges as possible. For n sufficiently large we prove a conjecture of Frankl, which states that any hypergraph on n vertices that contains no
has at most as many edges as
.
Sidorenko has given an upper bound of
for the Tur′an density of
for any r, and a construction establishing a matching lower bound when r is of the form 2p+1. In this paper we also show that when r=2p+1, any
-free hypergraph of density
looks approximately like Sidorenko’s construction. On the other hand, when r is not of this form, we show that corresponding constructions do not exist and improve the upper bound on the Turán density
of
to
, where c(r) is a constant depending only on r.
The backbone of our arguments is a strategy of first proving approximate structure theorems, and then showing that any imperfections
in the structure must lead to a suboptimal configuration. The tools for its realisation draw on extremal graph theory, linear
algebra, the Kruskal–Katona theorem and properties of Krawtchouck polynomials.
* Research supported in part by NSF grants DMS-0355497, DMS-0106589, and by an Alfred P. Sloan fellowship. 相似文献
6.
We show that the hereditary discrepancy of a hypergraph
on n points increases by a factor of at most O(log n) when one adds a new edge to
. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we first introduce new objects called “translation generalized ovals” and “translation generalized ovoids”,
and make a thorough study of these objects. We then obtain numerous new characterizations of the
of Tits and the classical generalized quadrangle
in even characteristic, including the complete classification of 2-transitive generalized ovals for the even case. Next,
we prove a new strong characterization theorem for the
of Tits. As a corollary, we obtain a purely geometric proof of a theorem of Johnson on semifield flocks.
* The second author is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (Belgium). 相似文献
8.
Abstract
By
we denote the set of all propositional formulas. Let
be the set of all clauses. Define
. In Sec. 2 of this paper we prove that for normal modal logics
, the notions of
-expansions and
-expansions coincide. In Sec. 3, we prove that if I consists of default clauses then the notions of
-expansions for I and
-expansions for I coincide. To this end, we first show, in Sec. 3, that the notion of
-expansions for I is the same as that of
-expansions for I.
The project is supported by NSFC 相似文献
9.
If
is an initially hereditary family of finite subsets of positive integers (i.e., if
and G is initial segment of F then
) and M an infinite subset of positive integers then we define an ordinal index
. We prove that if
is a family of finite subsets of positive integers such that for every
the characteristic function χF is isolated point of the subspace
of { 0,1 }N with the product topology then
for every
infinite, where
is the set of all initial segments of the members of
and ω1 is the first uncountable ordinal. As a consequence of this result we prove that
is Ramsey, i.e., if
is a partition of
then there exists an infinite subset M of positive integers such that
where [M]< ω is the family of all finite subsets of M. 相似文献
10.
J. A. López Molina M. E. Puerta M. J. Rivera 《Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society》2006,37(2):191-216
Let
, be a family of compatible couples of Lp-spaces. We show that, given a countably incomplete ultrafilter
in
, the ultraproduct
of interpolation spaces defined by the real method is isomorphic to the direct sum of an interpolation space of type
, an intermediate K?the space between
and
being a purely atomic measure space, and a K?the function space K(Ω3) defined on some purely non atomic measure space (Ω3, ν3) in such a way that Ω2 ∪ Ω3 ≠∅.
The research of first and third authors is partially supported by the MEC and FEDER project MTM2004-02262 and AVCIT group
03/050. 相似文献
11.
E. M. E. ZAYED 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(4):733-752
The trace of the wave kernel μ(t) =∑ω=1^∞ exp(-itEω^1/2), where {Eω}ω^∞=1 are the eigenvalues of the negative Laplacian -△↓2 = -∑k^3=1 (δ/δxk)^2 in the (x^1, x^2, x^3)-space, is studied for a variety of bounded domains, where -∞ 〈 t 〈 ∞ and i= √-1. The dependence of μ (t) on the connectivity of bounded domains and the Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions are analyzed. Particular attention is given for a multi-connected vibrating membrane Ω in Ra surrounded by simply connected bounded domains Ω j with smooth bounding surfaces S j (j = 1,……, n), where a finite number of piecewise smooth Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions on the piecewise smooth components Si^* (i = 1 + kj-1,……, kj) of the bounding surfaces S j are considered, such that S j = Ui-1+kj-1^kj Si^*, where k0=0. The basic problem is to extract information on the geometry Ω by using the wave equation approach from a complete knowledge of its eigenvalues. Some geometrical quantities of Ω (e.g. the volume, the surface area, the mean curvuture and the Gaussian curvature) are determined from the asymptotic expansion ofexpansion of μ(t) for small │t│. 相似文献
12.
For a Sperner family A
2[n] let A
i
denote the family of all i-element sets in A. We sharpen the LYM inequality
by adding to the LHS all possible products of fractions
, with suitable coefficients. A corresponding inequality is established also for the linear lattice and the lattice of subsets of a multiset (with all elements having the same multiplicity).* Research supported by the Sonderforschungsbereich 343 Diskrete Strukturen in der Mathematik, University of Bielefeld. 相似文献
13.
Hui-qiong Li Zhen-long Chenu 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2007,23(4):579-592
Let{(t);t∈R_ ~N}be a d-dimensional N-parameter generalized Brownian sheet.Necessaryand sufficient conditions for a compact set E×F to be a polar set for(t,(t))are proved.It is also provedthat if 2N≤αd,then for any compact set ER_>~N,d-2/2 Dim E≤inf{dimF:F ∈ B(R~d),P{(E)∩F≠φ}>0}≤d-2/β DimE,and if 2N>αd,then for any compact set FR~d\{0},α/2(d-DimF)≤inf{dimE:E∈B(R_>~N),P{(E)∩F≠φ}>0}≤β/2(d-DimF),where B(R~d)and B(R_>~N)denote the Borel σ-algebra in R~d and in R_>~N respectively,dim and Dim are Hausdorffdimension and Packing dimension respectively. 相似文献
14.
Ian M. Wanless 《Combinatorica》2006,26(6):743-745
Let
denote the set of n×n binary matrices which have each row and column sum equal to k. For 2≤k≤n→∞ we show that
is asymptotically equal to (k−1)k−1k2−k. This confirms Conjecture 23 in Minc's catalogue of open problems.
* Written while the author was employed by the Department of Computer Science at the Australian National University. 相似文献
15.
We define the reduced minimum modulus
of a nonzero element a in a unital C
*-algebra
by
. We prove that
. Applying this result to
and its closed two side ideal
, we get that dist
,
and
for any
if RR
= 0, where
and
is the quotient homomorphism and
. These results generalize corresponding results in Hilbert spaces. 相似文献
16.
In this paper we prove that if
is a set of
k positive integers and
{A
1,
..., A
m
} is a family of subsets
of an n-element set
satisfying
, for all 1
i <
j m, then
. The case
k = 1 was proven 50 years ago
by Majumdar. 相似文献
17.
Let
be a universal binary countable homogeneous structure and n∈ω. We determine the equivalence relation
on [U]n with the smallest number of equivalence classes r so that each one of the classes is indivisible. As a consequence we obtain
and a characterization of the smallest number r so that the arrow relation above holds.
For the case of infinitely many colors we determine the canonical set of equivalence relations, extending the result of Erdős
and Rado for the integers to countable universal binary homogeneous structures.
* Supported by NSERC of Canada Grant # 690404.
† Supported by NSERC of Canada Grant # 691325. 相似文献
18.
We present a new explicit construction for expander graphs with nearly optimal spectral gap. The construction is based on
a series of 2-lift operations. Let G be a graph on n vertices. A 2-lift of G is a graph H on 2n vertices, with a covering map π :H →G. It is not hard to see that all eigenvalues of G are also eigenvalues of H. In addition, H has n “new” eigenvalues. We conjecture that every d-regular graph has a 2-lift such that all new eigenvalues are in the range
(if true, this is tight, e.g. by the Alon–Boppana bound). Here we show that every graph of maximal degree d has a 2-lift such that all “new” eigenvalues are in the range
for some constant c. This leads to a deterministic polynomial time algorithm for constructing arbitrarily large d-regular graphs, with second eigenvalue
.
The proof uses the following lemma (Lemma 3.3): Let A be a real symmetric matrix with zeros on the diagonal. Let d be such that the l1 norm of each row in A is at most d. Suppose that
for every x,y ∈{0,1}n with ‹x,y›=0. Then the spectral radius of A is O(α(log(d/α)+1)). An interesting consequence of this lemma is a converse to the Expander Mixing Lemma.
* This research is supported by the Israeli Ministry of Science and the Israel Science Foundation. 相似文献
19.
Let X = {1, . . . ,
n}, and let
be a family of subsets
of X. Given the size of
, at least how many pairs
of elements of
must be disjoint? In
this paper we give a lower bound for the number of disjoint
pairs in
. The bound we obtain is
essentially best possible. In particular, we give a new proof of
a result of Frankl and of Ahlswede, that if
satisfies
then
contains at least as
many disjoint pairs as X(r).The situation is rather different if we restrict our
attention to
: then we are asking for
the minimum number of edges spanned by a subset of the Kneser
graph of given size. We make a conjecture on this lower bound,
and disprove a related conjecture of Poljak and Tuza on the
largest bipartite subgraph of the Kneser graph.* Research partially supported by NSF grant
DMS-9971788 相似文献
20.
Hidetoshi Maeda 《Archiv der Mathematik》2007,88(5):419-424
Let
be an ample vector bundle of rank n – 1 on a smooth complex projective variety X of dimension n≥ 3 such that X is a
-bundle over
and that
for any fiber F of the bundle projection
. The pairs
with
= 2 are classified, where
is the curve genus of
. This allows us to improve some previous results.
Received: 13 June 2006 相似文献