Packing of elastic wires in spherical cavities

We investigate the morphologies and maximum packing density of thin wires packed into spherical cavities. Using simulations and experiments, we find that ordered as well as disordered structures emerge, depending on the amount of internal torsion. We find that the highest packing densities are achieved in low torsion packings for large systems, but in high torsion packings for small systems. An analysis of both situations is given in terms of energetics and comparison is made to analytical models of DNA packing in viral capsids.     

水中分层弹性球壳高频时域回波的声学编码研究

针对水下集群目标及敌我目标识别的难题,该文提出了一种基于水中分层弹性球壳高频时域回波的声学编码原理及方法。推导了水中4层弹性球壳目标散射声压的简正级数解,并与有限元结果进行了对比验证。通过构造高频主动声呐的探测脉冲信号,与4层弹性球壳声传递函数的简正级数解做卷积运算,获得了目标的时域回波脉冲序列。研究了分层弹性球壳的厚度、各层材料属性、排布顺序等对时域回波特征的影响规律,提出了基于时域回波特征的声学编码方法。研究表明：利用水中分层弹性球壳目标高频时域回波特征能够实现声学编码,回波结构稳定,且不受限于探测方向。通过携带或安装这种分层弹性球壳结构,有望识别水下航行体/悬浮体等目标。该文的研究对水下目标的主动探测身份识别及导航等具有一定的参考价值。     

Acoustic radiation force acting on elastic and viscoelastic spherical shells placed in a plane standing wave field

The theory of the acoustic radiation force acting on elastic spherical shells suspended in a plane standing wave field is developed in relation to their thickness and the content of their hollow regions. The theory is modified to include the effect of a hysteresis type of absorption of compressional and shear waves in the material. The fluid-loading effect on the acoustic radiation force function Y(st) is analyzed as well. Results of numerical calculations are presented for a number of elastic and viscoelastic materials, with the hollow region filled with water or air. These results show how the damping due to absorption, the change of the interior fluid inside the shells' hollow regions, and the exterior fluid surrounding their structures, affect the acoustic radiation force.     

Enhancement and inhibition of acoustic radiation in spherical cavities

Acoustic radiation from a source located inside layered cavities is studied using the transfer matrix method. It is shown that the radiation can be either enhanced or inhibited, depending on the characteristics and the material composition of the cavities. The analysis predicts well-defined spectral peaks and nodes in some cavities. It is found that significant enhancement and inhibition are possible by varying acoustic parameters. The results also show that the strength of the radiating source can be significantly modified due to the presence of layered structures. The link to the similar phenomena in the optical cavities is discussed.     

Acoustic scattering from complex elastic shells: visualization of S0, A0 and A waves

Acoustic scattering phenomena from complex immersed elastic shells are studied by high-speed Schlieren visualization for spark-generated spherical quasi-Dirac excitations. The situations considered are air-filled cylindrical shells under normal insonification and air-filled cylindrical shells soldered at one end with a hemispherical endcap under axial and non-axial incidences. The results are compared with those provided by the Methode d'Isolement et d'Identification des Resonances (MIIR) method and corresponding analytical theoretical solutions. The combination of these complementary approaches better highlights some of the behaviors of the symmetric S0- and antisymmetric A0-Lamb waves, as well was the Scholte-Stoneley A-wave, on the considered targets. In particular, the influence of the internal solder inhomogeneities on the creation and/or the conversion of these modes is demonstrated.     

Acoustic vibrations of embedded spherical nanoparticles

A solid-matrix-embedded spherical nanoparticle has acoustic vibrational frequencies which are shifted and damped relative to modes of a free sphere. Not only the longitudinal plane wave acoustic impedances, but also the Poisson ratios of nanoparticle and matrix are important in determining the Q-factor of the “breathing” mode, for which frequencies and Q-factors with different material combinations are presented. High matrix sound speed (e.g. silica, titania, alumina, diamond) increases Q.     

声波在球状准周期多层介质中的传播

运用转移矩阵方法研究了声波在准周期球形多层介质中的传播，与周期性结构比较它具有不同结构的通带和禁带，且随介质层数的增加声波衰减速度变慢。声波透射系数还随介质厚度的改变发生周期性的变化。     

水中双层弹性球壳的回声特性

研究水中双层同心弹性球壳的声散射.利用严格弹性理论和分离变量法导出了Rnyleigh简正级数解.计算并比较了单层和双层弹性球壳的反向散射形态函数.为了分析回波结构也计算了窄脉冲回波序列.结果表明,外壳很薄内壳稍厚的双层弹性球壳的回波特性主要依赖于内壳。在低ka时双层壳体的回波可以近似用内部充水的外壳和内部真空的内壳的回波叠加而成。     

Interaction of a spherical acoustic wave with an elastic spherical shell

The interaction of a spherical acoustic wave with an elastic spherical shell is treated analytically. The solution includes the coupling between the acoustic sound field and vibration of the shell with any degree of fluid loading. The formulation for the far-field acoustic pressure is derived in terms of natural spherical wave functions, the properties of the acoustic medium, and the material constants of the shell. The far acoustic field is computed for a thin aluminum shell and several sound source locations over a large range of ka, where k is the wavenumber, and a is the shell radius. It is shown that the acoustic pressure depends significantly on whether the shell is in air or is submerged in water, particularly when the sound source is very near the surface. In air, the sound field of the shell is nearly identical to that of a rigid sphere but, in water, the shell is more compliant, which results in a damped radiation field that is characterized by vibrational resonances throughout the range of frequencies considered. As the sound sources is moved further away from the surface, however, this resonance response decreases very rapidly, and the sound field corresponds more closely to that of the shell in air.     

Acoustic characteristics of annular cavities with locally non-uniform media

A theoretical approach is developed to obtain the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of annular cavities that have locally non-uniform media. The equation of motion is derived based on a special form of the wave equation that is capable of representing the variation of material properties with position, and the unit step function is used in the equation to express the local non-uniformity of the media. The Laplace transform is adopted in eigenvalue analysis to calculate the natural frequencies and the normal mode shapes of the annular cavities. The validity of the presented method is verified through finite element analysis and experiments. Parametric studies are performed to find out the relation between the acoustic characteristics of the cavity and the local deviation of the media, and the acoustic characteristics are explained in terms of the mass and stiffness effect of the local deviation in an annular cavity upon the natural vibration characteristics.     

流体饱和孔隙材料的Biot弹性常数的声学测量

本文研究用声学方法测量流体饱和孔隙介质的Biot4个弹性常数，4个弹性常数主要是通过测量水饱和的孔隙样品中的3种体波速度去计算的（流体压缩系数已知）。为了讨论和验证测量结果，我们还进行了两个实验，一是测量空气饱和样品的切变波速度和纵波速度，并求得框架的体积模量和切变模量；二是测量空气饱和样品中的慢纵波速度，并验证样品曲折度的大小。     

Acoustic properties of a dielectric with cavities in a polarizing electric field

The effect of an external polarizing electric field on the shear wave propagation in a centrosymmetric crystal with electrostriction, whose body is penetrated with parallel cylindrical cavities (pores), is considered. The cavities are distributed throughout the crystal at random and with a low density. The waves are assumed to be polarized along the cavity generatrices, and the wave propagation occurs in the elastic isotropy plane, which is orthogonal to the cavity axes. The external field is assumed to be axial. Possibility of controlling the propagation of shear waves by the polarizing field is demonstrated for the case of metallized cavity surfaces.     

亚表面双球孔洞的热波散射与温度分布

基于非Fourier热传导方程,采用波函数展开法,对含双球形孔洞缺陷的半无限体材料内部的热波散射与温度分布进行了研究,给出了材料内部任一点温度的解析解和表面温度分布的数值计算结果。分析了孔洞的几何参数和物理参数对金属材料表面温度分布的影响。结果表明：相对热扩散长度、入射波波数和埋藏深度对表面温度分布的影响比较大,当孔洞间距较大时,可以忽略孔洞之间的热波散射。     

水下掩埋目标的散射声场计算与实验

水下掩埋目标声散射问题是识别和探测掩埋目标的理论基础, 是声散射研究领域的热点问题. 本文基于射线声学推导了掩埋情况下目标声散射计算的格林函数近似式, 并在此基础上进一步给出了相应的远场积分公式. 在有限元方法的基础上, 将推导得到的公式写入有限元仿真软件, 对软件功能进行拓展, 构建二维轴对称目标的声散射模型, 并计算掩埋情况下弹性实心球在不同条件下的目标强度, 获得了其散射声场随频率、掩埋深度、沙层吸收系数等参数的变化规律. 开展实心球的自由空间和浅掩埋条件下水池声散射实验, 利用共振隔离技术处理实验数据, 提取目标声散射的纯弹性共振特征进行分析, 结果表明可将其用于掩埋目标识别和探测. 最后利用总散射声场与理论计算结果进行对比, 验证了理论仿真的正确性.     

Acoustic waves in thin-walled elastic tube with polymeric solution

Acoustic waves in a pipe with polymeric liquid are investigated within a quasi-one-dimensional approach. Analysis of the dispersion equation has shown that rheological features lead to essential changes in both attenuation and speed of the sound. The results may find application in acoustic rheometry of polymeric liquids and for modeling of fast dynamic processes in polymer production technology.     

亚表面双球孔洞的热波散射与温度分布

基于非Fourier热传导方程,采用波函数展开法,对含双球形孔洞缺陷的半无限体材料内部的热波散射与温度分布进行了研究,给出了材料内部任一点温度的解析解和表面温度分布的数值计算结果。分析了孔洞的几何参数和物理参数对金属材料表面温度分布的影响。结果表明:相对热扩散长度、入射波波数和埋藏深度对表面温度分布的影响比较大,当孔洞间距较大时,可以忽略孔洞之间的热波散射。