额外HCl和氮化对HVPE GaN生长的影响

在氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长GaN过程中,发现了一种在成核阶段向生长区添加额外HCl来改善GaN外延薄膜质量的方法,并且讨论了额外HCl和氮化对GaN形貌和质量的影响.两种方法都可以大幅度地改善GaN的晶体质量和性质,但机理不同.氮化是通过在衬底表面形成AlN小岛,促进了衬底表面的成核和薄膜的融合;而添加额外HCl则被认为是通过改变生长表面的过饱和度引起快速成核从而促进薄膜的生长而改善晶体质量和性质的.     

HVPE法制备GaN过程中GaAs衬底的氮化

在自制的立式氢化物气相外延(HVPE)系统炉中,一定温度下通入一定流量的NH3使GaAs(111)衬底氮化一层GaN薄膜,以防止高温外延生长GaN时GaAs分解,进而提高了之后GaN外延生长的晶体质量。实验主要通过XRD检测氮化层的质量,研究了氮化温度和时间对氮化层的影响。实验发现,氮化温度过高会使GaAs表面分解,氮化层为多晶。氮化时间过短,氮化层致密性低,不能起到保护衬底的作用;时间过长则氮化层质量降低,GaN(002)半高宽(FWHM)较大。分析结果表明,在500℃氮化2min的工艺条件下,获得的氮化层质量相比其他条件较好,致密性高。     

额外HCl对HVPE生长GaN性质的影响

利用氢化物气相外延 (HVPE)生长系统 ,提出并采用在生长区添加额外 HCl的方法改变 Ga N的极化生长方向获得 Ga面极化具有平滑表面的 Ga N生长技术。该法将一定量的 HCl添加到传统 HVPE生长方法中的总氮气流中 ,引入 Ga Cl和 NH3混合生长区 ,通过改变蓝宝石衬底表现的化学反应平衡 ,抑制 N面极化 Ga N的成核 ,获得了粗糙度只有一个纳米左右的具有平滑表面的高质量 Ga极化 Ga N薄膜。由于该方法是在 HVPE装置中“原位”获得了表面光滑的 Ga N,与其他方法相比 ,减少了表面损伤等     

HCl气体辅助生长GaN纳米线阵列与机理研究

研究了一种无金属催化剂生长GaN纳米线阵列的方法。通过HCl气体作为催化剂,利用氢化物气相外延(HVPE)系统在GaN/sapphire模板上制备出纯净的GaN纳米线阵列;利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能量分散X射线荧光(EDX)谱和透射电镜(TEM)测试,研究了生长条件的变化对GaN纳米线阵列的影响,分析了GaN纳米线阵列的生长过程并探索了其生长机理,为GaN纳米线阵列的可控生长提供了理论依据。     

大尺寸HVPE反应室生长GaN的数值模拟

利用有限元法对单片6英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)GaN衬底用氢化物气相外延(HVPE)生长系统的工艺参数进行了数值模拟和优化.通过建立反应室二维几何模型,依次改变HVPE系统中的GaCl,NH3和分隔气(N2)流速等主要参数进行数值模拟,研究分析了反应室内各反应物的浓度分布和衬底上GaN的生长速率变化,同时考虑了涡旋分布以及GaCl出口管壁上寄生沉积等对衬底上GaN生长的影响,并给出了HVPE系统高速率均匀生长GaN的优化参数.模拟分析还表明,适当降低HVPE反应室内的压强可以改善衬底上GaN生长的均匀性.     

采用低温AlN插入层在氢化物气相外延中生长GaN膜

采用低温AlN插入层在氢化物气相外延(HVPE)设备中生长出高质量GaN膜。X射线衍射(XRD)测量发现,低温AlN插入层有助于提高GaN膜的结晶质量。低温(10K)光致发光(PL)谱测量表明,低温AlN插入层有助于释放GaN膜外延生长的应力。原子力显微镜(AFM)测量显示,GaN膜具有非常光滑的表面形貌,并估算出其位错密度约为3.3×108cm-2。     

原位退火对HVPE生长的GaN外延层光学性质和结构的影响

研究了原位退火对用氢化物外延方法在(0001)面蓝宝石衬底上生长的氮化镓(GaN)外延薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响.测试表明,氨气气氛下在生长温度进行的原位退火,明显提高了GaN外延膜的质量.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,随着原位退火时间的增加,(0002)面和(1012)面摇摆曲线的半峰宽逐渐变窄.喇曼散射谱显示样品退火后E2(high)峰位向低频区移动;随着退火时间的延长,趋向于块状GaN的峰位.可见,原位退火使GaN外延膜中的双轴应力明显减少.光致发光的测试结果与XRD和喇曼散射谱的结论一致.表明原位退火能有效提高GaN外延膜的结构和光学性能.     

原位退火对HVPE生长的GaN外延层光学性质和结构的影响

研究了原位退火对用氢化物外延方法在(0001)面蓝宝石衬底上生长的氮化镓(GaN)外延薄膜的结构和光学性能的影响.测试表明,氨气气氛下在生长温度进行的原位退火,明显提高了GaN外延膜的质量.X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,随着原位退火时间的增加,(0002)面和(1012)面摇摆曲线的半峰宽逐渐变窄.喇曼散射谱显示样品退火后E2(high)峰位向低频区移动;随着退火时间的延长,趋向于块状GaN的峰位.可见,原位退火使GaN外延膜中的双轴应力明显减少.光致发光的测试结果与XRD和喇曼散射谱的结论一致.表明原位退火能有效提高GaN外延膜的结构和光学性能.     

Ti掩膜图形层对外延生长GaN薄膜晶体质量的影响

采用氢化物气相外延(HVPE)方法在2英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)c面蓝宝石衬底上外延生长了高质量GaN单晶薄膜.在GaN生长过程中引入点状和条状两种金属Ti掩膜图形层,研究了不同Ti掩膜图形层对外延生长GaN薄膜晶体质量的影响.使用微分干涉相差显微镜(DICM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、阴极荧光光谱(CL)、喇曼光谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对制备的GaN样品结构和形貌进行了表征分析.实验结果表明,Ti掩膜图形层的引入可以在一定程度上改善GaN薄膜的表面形貌,缓解材料中的应力,降低GaN材料中的位错密度,提高材料的结晶质量.同时发现,相比于点状图形,条状Ti图形掩膜层可以更加有效地改善GaN材料的晶体质量,将位错密度降低到3.2×106 cm-2以下.     

射频溅射ZnO作缓冲层的HVPE法生长GaN厚膜

在低温HVPE-GaN/c-Al2O3模板上射频溅射ZnO作为缓冲层,采用氢化物气相外延(HVPE,hydridevapoarphaseepitaxy)法外延生长了高质量的GaN320μm厚膜。用高分辨率双晶X射线衍射仪(DCXRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了制备的GaN厚膜特性。结果表明,GaN(0002)面的X射线摇摆曲线衍射峰半高宽(FWHM)为336.15arcsec,穿透位错密度(TDD)为107cm-2,外延生长的GaN厚膜晶体质量较好,可以作为自支撑GaN衬底。     

HVPE生长的高质量GaN纳米柱的光学性能

GaN纳米材料因具有优异的晶体质量和突出的光学性能及发射性能,日益受到关注.研究了一种利用氢化物气相外廷(HVPE)系统生长高质量的GaN纳米柱的方法.使用镍作为催化剂,在蓝宝石衬底上生长出了GaN纳米柱.在不同生长时间和不同HC1体积流量下制备了多组样品,使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和光致发光(PL)谱对样品进行了分析表征.测试结果表明,在较低的HC1体积流量下,生长2 min的样品具有较高的晶体质量和较好的光学性质.讨论了不同生长阶段的GaN纳米结构发光特性的变化规律,认为纳米结构所产生的表面态密度大小差异会造成带边峰位的红移和展宽.     

Effect of Substrate Nitridation on Properties of Thick GaN Film Grown by Hydride Vapour Phase Epitaxy

Thick GaN films were grown on the sapphire substrate by hydride vapour phase epitaxy. The properties of GaN films were found to be significantly influenced by the duration of exposing the sapphire substrate to ammonia prior to the GaN growth initiation. The crystalline quality of GaN films revealed by high resolution X-ray diffraction were strongly dependent on the nitridation time, which determined substrate surface topography. The different nitridation schemes strongly affected the morphology of GaN overlayers resulting in the blue shift of the main excitonic peak in photoluminescence spectra at room temperature.     

载气流量对HVPE外延生长GaN膜光学性质的影响

研究了利用水平氢化物气相外延 (HVPE)系统在蓝宝石衬底上外延氮化镓 (Ga N)的生长规律 ,重点研究了作为载气的氮气流量对 Ga N膜的结构及光学性质的影响。观察到载气流量对预反应的强弱有很大影响 ,外延膜的质量和生长速度对载气流量极为敏感。当载气流量较小时 ,样品的 X射线衍射谱 (XRD)中出现了杂峰(1 0 -1 1 )和 (1 1 -2 0 ) ,相应的光致发光谱 (PL)中出现了黄带 (YL) ,靠近带边有杂质态。而当载气流量增大时 ,样品质量改善。Ga N外延膜的结构和光学性质的相关性表明深能级的黄带与生长过程中产生的非 c轴方向晶面有关 ,据此我们推测 :Ga空位与束缚在 (1 0 -1 1 )和 (1 1 -2 0 )等原子面上的杂质构成复合结构 ,这些复合结构所产生的深能级对黄带的发射有贡献 ;由于预反应使生长过程中混入的附加产物及杂质对带边发射有重要影响     

Growth Front Evolution of GaN Thin Films on Sapphire Substrate During HVPE

The growth front evolution of GaN thin films deposited on sapphire substrate by hydride vapor phase epitaxity has been studied with atomic force microscope. The evolution of the surface morphology presents four features of stage with the growth process. In initial growth stage, the surface is granular, and the typical grain diameter is about 250nm for t =0.1min. 3D growth plays a key role before the films come up to full coalescence, which causes a rough surface. After 0.1min the growth dimension decreases with the increase of lateral over growth, the surface roughness obviously decreases. From 0.4min to 3min, the growth front roughness increases gradually, and the evolution of the surface roughness exhibits the characteristics of self-affined fractal. Beyond 3min, the root-mean-square decreases gradually, which means the deposition behavior from hyper-2D growth gradually turns into layer growth mode with the increase of growth time.     

Optical properties of thick-film GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on MgAl2O4 substrate

A hydride vapor phase epitaxy was employed to grow the 10∼240 μm thick GaN films on a (111) MgAl₂O₄ substrate. The GaN films on a MgAl₂O₄ substrate revealed characteristics of photoluminescence (PL) in impurity doped GaN, which may be due to the out-diffusion and auto-doping of Mg from the MgAl₂O₄ substrate during GaN growth. The PL peak energy of neutral donor bound exciton emission and the frequency of Raman E₂ mode were decreased by increasing the GaN thickness, due to the residual strain relaxation in the epilayers. The dependence of Raman E₂ mode of GaN films on residual strain can be estimated as Δ ω/Δ σ=3.93 (cm⁻¹/GPa).     

Hydrogen Induced Yellow Luminescence in GaN Grown by Halide Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Strong yellow luminescence (YL) was found in GaN grown by the halide vapor phase epitaxy technique, using an NH₃-HCl-GaCl-N₂-H₂ growth chemistry. The low-temperature (less than 100K) thermal activation energy of the yellow luminescence was determined to be ∼18 meV, which indicates that a shallow donor, rather than a ‘shallow’ acceptor, was involved in observed radiative transition. The temperature dependence of the YL peak energy and the shape of the YL band imply that there are multiple recombination channels involved in the YL band. The ratio of integrated intensity of yellow-to-bandedge luminescence decreased with an increase of HCl (and hence GaCl and growth rate) in the growth ambient.     

GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on p-type 6H-SiC layers

6H-SiC/GaN pn-heterostructures were grown by subsequent epitaxial growth of p-SiC by low temperature liquid phase epitaxy (LTLPE) and n-GaN by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). For the first time, p-type epitaxial layers grown on 6H-SiC wafers were used as substrates for GaN HVPE growth. The GaN layers exhibit high crystal quality which was determined by x-ray diffraction. The full width at a half maximum (FWHM) for the ω-scan rocking curve for (0002) GaN reflection was ∼120 arcsec. The photoluminescence spectra for these films were dominated by band-edge emission. The FWHM of the edge PL peak at 361 nm was about 5 nm (80K).