Carbohydrates of cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea

The polysaccharides of three cultivated varieties ofAlthea rosea have been investigated. The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances in various organs of the plant have been determined. It has been shown that the maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances is present in the flowers. Their monosaccharide compositions have been studied. The physicochemical characteristics of the pectin substances are given.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. A. Sadykov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Tashkent. Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedineii, No. 5, pp. 643–646, September–October, 1993.     

Ecdysteroids of a culture of tissues and cells ofAjuga turkestanica

The possibility has been studied of obtaining ecdysteroids — ecdysterone and turkesterone — with the aid of a culture of the tissues and cells of the plantAjuga turkestanica. Conditions have been selected under which the yield of ecdysteroids in the culture of tissues and cells is comparable with amounts of the same substances in the organs of the whole plant.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 51–52, January–February, 1990.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants XI. An investigation of the polysaccharides ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal organs and roots ofAcanthophyllum knorringianum and their quantitative levels and qualitative compositions have been established. A neutral polysaccharide of the epigeal organs belongs to the mannoarabinoglucogalactan type, and a neutral polysaccharide from the roots, to the arabinoglucogalactans.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 120 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 169–170, March–April, 1999.     

Modern state of the chemical study of species of the genusHypericum

This review gives complete information on the chemical study of 66 species of the genusHypericum L. In individual sections the study of various groups of substances is discussed in a historical framework. The compounds isolated are given — hypericins, flavanols and tanning substances, flavones, flavonols, xanthones, coumarins, phenolcarboxylic acids, antibiotic substances, essential-oil compositions, nonvolatile saturated hydrocarbons, and other compounds. The value of these groups of substances in the connection with the pharmacological action and the therapeutic use ofHypericum species is shown. The structural formulas of 85 isolated compounds and their distribution in the species studied are given. The chemosystematic value of individual substances for the genusHypericum and the family Guttiferae is discussed.Pharmaceutical Faculty, Sofia Medical Scademy. Leningrad Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 185–203, March–April, 1987.     

Dynamics of the accumulation of the flavan compounds ofHibiscus cannabinus

The amounts and compositions of the flavan compounds in various organs of kenaf according to the vegetation periods have been studied. It has been established that the maximum amounts of flavan substances are formed in the phloem and roots in the vegetation period.Deceased.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 558–560, September–October, 1981.     

Pectin substances ofAmaranthus cruentus

Pectin substances have been isolated from the epigeal pan of love-lies-bleeding,Amaranthus cruentus (A. caudatus), and have been characterized. The presence in them of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, and glucose residues has been established. The titrimetric indices of the substances isolated have been determined and they have been studied by IR spectroscopy.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 7–9, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted August 14, 1995.     

Coumarins of three species of the genusHaplophyllum

The results are given of an investigation of three species of the genusHaplophyllum: H. villosum, H. kowalenskyi, andH. tenue, fromwhich five substances of coumarin nature have been isolated. Of them, two substances (I and II) have been identified as scopoletin and lomatin isovalerate, respectively, while suitable structures have been established for the new compounds tenuidin, villosin, and tenudiol. It has been shown that the coumarin composition of the plants changes with the growth site.Leningrad Sanitary-Hygienic Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 800–803, November–December, 1980.     

Isolation of bioactive preparations from alcoholic extracts ofChlorella vulgaris

Summary Three groups of bioactive substances (provitamins of the A group, vitamins of the F group, and sodium chlorophyllin) have been isolated from alcoholic extracts of the micro algaChlorella vulgaris. The conditions of separating these substances are given. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the groups isolated have been investigated by paper chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, and spectral analysis.Siberian Technological Institute, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 213–216, March–April, 1979.     

Polysaccharides of saponin-bearing plants. X. An investigation of the carbohydrates ofAcanthophyllum pungens

Polysaccharides have been isolated from the epigeal and hypogeal organs ofAcanthophyllum pungens and their qualitative presence and quantitative compositions have been determined. A neutral polysaccharide from the epigeal organs is of the galactan type, while a neutral polysaccharide from the roots is a glucogalactan.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 693–695, September–October, 1997.     

Plant polysaccharides VII. Polysaccharides ofMorus and their hypoglycemic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, and hemicelluloses have been isolated fromMorus leaves, and their qualitative and quantitative compositions have been determined. The polysaccharides obtained by extraction with hot water have been investigated for hypoglycemic activity. A polysaccharide fromMorus alba proved to have the highest sugar-lowering activity.Materials presented at the IInd International Symposium of the Chemistry of Natural Compounds.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 789–791, November–December, 1997.     

Asparagus polysaccharides. I. Isolation and characterization of polysaccharides ofA. neglectus: Glucomannans of the roots

Water-soluble polysaccharides and pectin substances have been isolated from various organs ofA. neglectus and their quantitative amounts and monosacchardie compositions have been determined. Native acetylated glucomannans (A, B, and C) containing 13, 15, and 20% of acetyl groups and being homogeneous according to the results of gel chromatography have been isolated from the roots. On the basis of the results of periodate oxidation, methylation, and IR spectroscopy it has been established that the neutral polysaccharides of the roots ofA. neglectus is a mixture of three glucomannans consisting of -14 linear-bound D-gluco- and D-mannopyranose residues.Deceased.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–706, November–December, 1981.     

Flavones of the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis

Summary 1. A qualitative analysis of the flavonoid aglycones in the roots ofScutellaria baicalensis Georg. has been performed, and more than 20 substances have been detected in them.2. Six individual flavonoid aglycones have been obtained, and on the basis of chemical and spectral characteristics they have been identified as baicalein, 7-O-methylbaicalein, oroxylin, norwogonin, 7-O-methylnorwogonin, and wogonin.Khar'kov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 729–733, November–December, 1973.     

Fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of the vegetative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F at the stage of mass fruit formation

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fatty acids (FAs) of the individual phospholipids (PLs) of the vegetative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F have been studied. In the PLs of the stems there was a wide range of FAs (26), a large proportion of which have retention times in GLC shorter than those of the 16:0 FA. The position distribution of the FAs in the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositols of the vegetative organs have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1984.     

Structures of fersin and fersinin

Two new compounds — fersin and fersinin — have been isolated from the neutral fraction of the total extractive substances from the roots ofFerula soongorica. Their structures have been established on the basis of chemical transformations and spectral characteristics.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 504–506, July–August, 1994.     

Composition of the lipids and carbohydrates of the seeds ofAmaranthus caudatus

The chemical composition of the seed lipids ofAmaranthus caudatus L. has been investigated. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. The hydrocarbon components ofA. caudatus have been identified and its alcohol-soluble carbohydrates, water-soluble polysaccharides, and pectin substances have been characterized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 797–799, November–December, 1997.     

Oxazepines and thiazepines. XIX Synthesis of optically active 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones

Optically active 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-ones (14–17) have been synthesizedvia resolution and chemical transformation of nitrocarboxylic acids6–9. Starting from the latter various optically active substances have been synthesized as well. Optical purity was checked by NMR spectroscopy.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.G. Snatzke on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Esters fromFerula stylosa

From the total extractive substances of the roots ofFerula stylosa two esters have been isolated: chimganin and a new one — stylosin. The structure of stylosin is suggested as the ester of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid and the monoterpene alcohol fenchol.Azerbaidzhan SSR, Baku, and All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 789–791, November–December, 1980.     

Furocoumarins ofKomarovia anisospermum

Summary Three furocoumarins have been isolated from the roots ofKomarovia anisospermum Korov.: isoimperatorin, phellopterin, and 8-geranyloxy-5-methoxypsoralen. This is the first time that the last-mentioned of these substances has been isolated in the pure state.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Moscow State University. Botanical Garden, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 166–169, March–April, 1976.     

Seasonal dynamics of the essential oil ofAbies sibirica

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the essential oils of the woody verdure and bark of the Siberian fir have been studied. It has been shown that the oils investigated differ both in their amount and in the ratio of their individual components. The annual dynamics of the main substances are also different.Deceased.V. N. Sukachev Forest and Timber Institute, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Krasnoyarsk. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 718–721, November–December, 1983.     

Carbon dioxide extract from woody verdure of the Scotch pine. Group composition and acids

The group and individual compositions of the acids of an extract from the woody verdure of Scotch pine obtained on a pilot plant have been studied. The yield of extract amounted to 4.0% on the weight of the raw material, and 88% of the extract dissolved in petroleum ether. The petroleum-ether-soluble substances of the extract contained 32.8% of free acids and 55.4% of neutral substances. The compositions of the higher fatty acids, the diterpene acids, and the bicyclic acids have been determined. Pinifolic acid and its monomethyl ester, 18-acetoxy- and 18-hydroxyanticopalic acids, an acid of the 4-epiimbricatic series, and oxo and hydroxy acids of the abietic type have been isolated and identified.S. M. Kirov Leningrad Academy of Wood Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 529–534, July–August, 1988.