硫化天然橡胶的本征自修复与固相回收加工

通过小分子模拟试验和应力松弛,发现甲基丙烯酸铜(MA-Cu)比氯化铜(CuCl_2)更适合用作硫化天然橡胶中二硫键交换反应催化剂,并且硫化天然橡胶中的二硫键交换反应需要在高于120°C的温度下才能高效进行,这保障了相关制品在较低温工作时的结构与性能稳定.进一步的实验结果表明,硫化天然橡胶在MA-Cu辅助作用下获得了多次自修复与固相回收加工性能,损伤自修复后的硫化天然橡胶与固相回收加工的再生硫化天然橡胶,其拉伸强度均可恢复到原始材料强度的80%左右.     

沥滤法制备低蛋白天然橡胶的硫化动力学研究

鉴于离心法制备低蛋白天然橡胶需要繁重设备和繁琐的工艺,本研究拟采用碱性蛋白酶处理天然胶乳,然后多次沥滤配合绉片的方法制备低蛋白天然橡胶。对比沥滤法低蛋白天然橡胶与离心法低蛋白天然橡胶的交联密度、力学性能和硫化特性参数。结果表明,沥滤法低蛋白天然橡胶的交联密度高,拉伸强度大,硫化速率快,硫化反应活化能低。     

冰点下降法研究交联网络结构对天然橡胶力学性能的影响

通过溶胀硫化胶的溶剂冰点下降法研究了3种不同促进剂体系天然橡胶硫化胶交联网络结构对力学性能的影响.交联密度研究表明,加入TU或STU硫化胶的交联密度与单独使用CZ促进剂硫化胶的基本一致.溶胀硫化胶溶剂冰点DSC研究结果发现,添加了STU硫化胶的溶剂冰点下降幅度最小,而溶剂冰点下降峰的半峰宽(FWHM)值最大,表明了STU的加入有利于在硫化胶中形成了一个网格尺寸较大和更加不均匀交联键分布的结构.同时,XRD结果表明所有硫化胶的应变诱导结晶总结晶指数相同,即可以忽略其对力学性能的影响.力学性能结果表明添加了STU硫化胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长达到了最大值,这主要是因为在外力作用下,较大网格尺寸和交联键稀疏区域有利于应力松弛,分散了应力集中,使得橡胶分子链和交联键稠密区的结晶束得到有效取向和松弛,提高了STU硫化胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长.     

不同硫化体系天然橡胶复合材料力学性能的影响

研究了不同硫化体系对炭黑填充天然橡胶力学性能的影响。结果表明,以N-(氧化二亚乙基)-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(NOBS)为主促进剂的四种硫化体系中,半有效硫化体系硫化的橡胶的综合性能最好。在以N-环己基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺(CBS)+2-硫醇基苯骈噻唑(M)为促进剂的四种硫化体系中,用普通硫化体系(CV)硫化得到的碳黑/天然橡胶的综合性能最优。本文还研究了不同硫化体系对炭黑/碳纳米管填充天然橡胶力学性能的影响,结果表明,普通硫化体系(CV)硫化得到的碳纳米管/碳黑/天然橡胶的综合性能最优。     

从静态应力松弛实验求材料准松弛时间谱的一种数值计算方法

避开繁琐困难的函数求解过程，采用数值计算方法，从常规的静态应力松弛实验，直接求被测材料的松弛单元的表现松弛强度．主松弛时间τ０由单－ＭＡＸＷＥＬＬ模型求得，其他松弛时间分别约取为１０（－２）·τ０，１０（－１）·τ０，１０１·τ０，１０３·τ０。应力松弛万程取５参数模型，记为谱的强度ａｉ（或Ａｉ）通过多元线性回归，由最小二乘法确定．对一种天然橡胶试样在不同温度下的松弛曲线进行处理，回归值与原始实验值吻合良好，不同温度下的松弛单元对总松弛的贡献，反映出温度对松弛过程的活化作用．     

硫化环氧天然橡胶的热分析

环氧化天然橡胶;热重分析;动力学;硫化环氧天然橡胶的热分析     

2-巯基苯并咪唑钐配合物在天然橡胶中防老化作用的研究

以2-巯基苯并咪唑为配体,制备了一种新型稀土钐配合物.采用红外光谱、热重分析等方法研究了钐配合物对天然橡胶硫化胶热氧老化过程的影响,探讨了钐配合物对天然橡胶硫化胶防老化作用的机理.红外光谱分析结果表明添加2-巯基苯并咪唑钐配合物的天然橡胶硫化胶经热氧老化后,氧化产物的生成量明显减少.2-巯基苯并咪唑钐配合物对天然橡胶硫...     

半胱氨酸镧对天然橡胶硫化性能的影响

以LaCl₃和半胱氨酸为原料,采用复分解法合成了新型环保促进剂半胱氨酸镧(La-Cys),研究其对天然橡胶(NR)的硫化特性和力学性能的影响。采用元素分析、热分析和FT-IR分析等表征方法对产物进行表征并确定其分子式为La(C₃H₇NO₂S)₃Cl₃·3H₂O。利用无转子硫化仪、平衡溶胀法和万能试验机测试La-Cys对天然橡胶的硫化特性、交联密度和物理力学性能的影响。结果表明：促进剂La-Cys添加后,天然橡胶的物理力学性能得到有效地改善。此外,当La-Cys的添加量为1 phr时,对天然橡胶的硫化促进作用达到最佳,并且能够有效延长焦烧时间,保证胶料的加工安全性。通过进一步的动力学计算发现,随着La-Cys添加量的增加,交联前驱体的反应活性增加,活化能降低。     

机械剪切对天然橡胶分子量及其性能的影响

通过机械剪切力作用改变天然橡胶(SCRWF)的分子量及其分布,采用凝胶渗透色谱法测试发现,SCRWF在处理后的相对分子量和分布的变化明显,比较分析不同胶样塑性初值(P_0)、塑性保持率(PRI)、门尼粘度和应力松弛时间等生胶性能,对硫化胶的热稳定性、力学性能,及加工性能进行分析。结果表明,随着机械剪切力作用增加,天然橡胶分子量减小,其单峰趋势明显,生胶质量受其影响变化较大,对热稳定性有影响,且硫化胶的力学性能下降。RPA分析表明,在应变扫描中,随着应变的增加,机械剪切力作用增加的胶样的损耗因子(tanδ)线性增加而弹性模量(G′)线性减小;频率扫描中,随着频率增加,机械剪切力作用增加的胶样损耗因子(tanδ)线性减小而弹性模量(G′)线性增加。     

相容剂对氯丁橡胶/天然橡胶并用胶性能的影响

本研究利用氯化丁基橡胶和腰果酚作为氯丁橡胶(CR)/天然橡胶(NR)并用胶的相容剂,将其按照一定比例在混炼过程中加入得到CR/NR混炼胶.CR/NR混炼胶在160℃下根据最佳硫化时间硫化得到并用胶.通过橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)研究发现腰果酚的加入,降低了CR/NR混炼胶的储能模量并且降低正硫化时间,提高了CR/NR混炼...     

共混硫化丁腈橡胶-氯丁橡胶的物理性能

将丁腈橡胶(NBR)和氯丁橡胶(CR)按不同质量分数共混并硫化,研究了硫化橡胶在自然环境、热空气老化、热油老化等条件下的物理性能,并测定了硫化橡胶与镀铜钢丝的粘合性能.结果表明,随着CR质量分数的增大,混炼胶的焦烧时间逐渐缩短.经热空气老化后,NBR的硬度增加幅度比CR的硬度增加幅度大,拉断强度降低幅度则比CR的小得多.此外,NBR的耐油性能优于CR.就物理性能以及与镀铜钢丝的粘合性能而言,单一NBR和单一CR优于共混NBR/CR.     

Influence of size reduction of crosslinked rubber particles on phase interface in dynamically vulcanized poly (vinylidene fluoride)/silicone rubber blends

In this paper, the influence of rubber particle size on the phase interface in dynamically vulcanized poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silicone rubber (PVDF/SR) blends without any modifier is discussed through the studies of specific surface of crosslinked SR particles, crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of the PVDF phase, interfacial crystallization, melt rheological behavior and mechanical properties of blends. A series of decreased average particle size was successfully obtained by control of rotor rate. It was found that properly high rotor rate helped to achieve a reduced particle size and a narrowing size distribution. The reduced SR particle size enlarged the PVDF/SR interface which has a positive effect on the interfacial crystallization and the melt rheological behavior. At high SR content, the negative effect of the poor interface interactions played the dominate role on determining the mechanical properties. However, the blend exhibited a unique stiffness-toughness balance at the PVDF/SR = 90/10. We hope that the present study could help to lay a scientific foundation for further design of a useful PVDF/SR blend with promoted properties to partly replace the high-cost synthetic fluorosilicone materials.     

Mechanical Properties of Silicon Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Elastomer

A pyrolyzed ash containing about 50% carbon,named silicon carbon black(SiCB),was prepared by the anoxic pyrolysis of rice husk.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), Brunauer-Enunett-Teller(BET),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and universal material testing machine were used to analyze the stress-strain relationship,Mullins effect and static viscoelastic properties of SiCB-filled vulcanized natural rubber(NR),and SiCB was compared with a commercially available semi-reinforcing fumace(SRF) carbon black.The results show that the vulcanized natural rubber filled with SiCB had similar reinforcing properties to those of that filled with traditional SRF,but obvious differences between them exist in stress-strain properties and stress softening resistance.We tried to discuss the related phenomena with the aid of the modified two-layer theory. And it is successfully predicted and verified that SiCB has good compression resistance and obvious stress relaxation advantages in compression stress relaxation.     

Ionomer-like materials based on 4-vinylpyridine copolymers

The purpose of this study is to examine the synthesis and to compare the rheological behaviour of ionomer-like materials obtained by complexation of 4VP residues in statistical and block copolymers with ZnCl₂. For statistical copolymers n-butyl methacrylate was chosen as comonomer, while triblock copolymers involved butadiene (as central sequence). In spite of a different distribution of the 4VP residues along the chains, the complexed copolymers exhibited generally a rheological behaviour typical of that of ionomers. However, owing to this distribution and the poly-dispersity, the morphology is quite different. The properties of statistical copolymers resulted from the formation of a mixture of multiplets and clusters. For the block copolymer, the Tg of the rubbery phase is close to that of polybutadiene (−84°C), but no relaxation is observed below 230°C and a two-phase model is adequate in this case. The very large increase of the rubbery plateau is typical of that of a vulcanized rubber.     

Effects of functional graphene oxide on the properties of phenyl silicone rubber composites

Graphene oxide (GO) was treated with two types of surfactants, i.e., silane coupling agent (KH550) and 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), incorporated into phenyl silicone rubber at a low concentration (≤0.2 wt%), and cured by the room temperature vulcanized method. The effects of functional graphene oxide on the dielectric behaviour, thermal conductivity, optical transmittance and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the particle size changed after modification and that the modified GO dispersed well in the phenyl silicone rubber. The composites with MDI modified GO exhibited better electrical insulation and lower light loss in the ultraviolet–visible region than the composites with KH550 modified GO. However, composites filled with KH550 modified GO present better thermal conductivity.     

Property correlations for dynamically cured rice husk ash filled epoxidized natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane blends: Influences of RHA loading

Novel thermoplastic vulcanizates based on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were prepared with rice husk ash (RHA) filler. Therefore, two major renewable resource materials (i.e., ENR and RHA) were exploited. Influences of RHA loading on mechanical, morphological, thermal and dynamic properties of dynamically cured ENR/TPU blends were investigated. It was found that the RHA showed good dispersion and was mainly localized in the ENR phase. Increasing the RHA loading led to the formation of larger ENR domains dispersed in the TPU matrix. Also, migration of the RHA particles from ENR to TPU phases was observed, resulting in reduced strength properties. It was found that the RHA acted as a nucleating agent in the TPU matrix and could accelerate the crystallization of TPU. Additionally, stress relaxation of the blends was evaluated by temperature stress scanning relaxation (TSSR). Higher relaxation stresses or raised relaxation curves were observed with increased RHA loadings in the dynamically vulcanized ENR/TPU blends.     

A model study on effect of glucose on the basic characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber

Glucose at various concentrations was incorporated into sugar free purified natural rubber (PNR) latex to model the effect of carbohydrate on the basic characteristics and physical properties of natural rubber (NR). PNR samples treated with various concentrations of glucose were characterized for the basic properties of unvulcanized NR, i.e., gel content, molecular weight distribution and Mooney viscosity to evaluate the effect of sugar on these parameters. In addition, the effect of glucose on the physical properties of vulcanizates derived using sulfur and peroxide vulcanization was investigated. Glucose was shown to affect the viscosity of unvulcanized NR and the discoloration of vulcanized NR. Moreover, glucose was found to have a strong effect on crosslink density, as well as tensile and dynamic properties of sulfur vulcanizates, while those properties of peroxide vulcanizates was not much affected by glucose.     

Loss and recovery in hydrophobicity of silicone rubber exposed to corona discharge

This paper describes the loss and recovery in the hydrophobicity of unfilled high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (HTV-SR) resulting from corona discharge. In this study, HTV-SR specimens were exposed to corona stress generated by a parallel needle-plane electrode system, and physicochemical analyses on the surface layer of SR before and after corona discharge treatment were carried out by using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is demonstrated that hydrophilic OH groups that are by-products of ageing can be formed instead of hydrophobic CH₃ groups on the surface of aged SR and the corona discharge plays an important role on the temporary loss of hydrophobicity. After a substantial period of ‘rest’, the hydrophobic recovery of SR results from the diffusion of low-molecular weight (LMW) silicone fluid from the bulk onto the aged layer.     

Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber Using Carbosilane Dendrimers as the Cross-linker

Peroxide-cured high-temperature vulcanized （HTV） silicone rubber was prepared by using allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimers, in which the core molecule is Si（CHaCH=CH2）4, as the cross-linker. It showed that this kind of allyl-capped carbosilane dendrimer improved the mechanical properties of silicone rubber.