铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃的析晶行为

高含量稀土玻璃在激光防护材料方面具有重要的应用,通过对稀土玻璃析品行为的研究.有助于制备出透明的高稀土含量稀土玻璃.分别制备了透明的铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃和富B2O3、富SiO2、富Al2O3的铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃,并在1100℃下对各种玻璃样品进行热处理.采用XRD,SEM等分析测试方法对Er2O3-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3系玻璃的析晶行为进行研究,并探讨了玻璃组成对析晶产物的影响.结果表明,铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃的局部结构与ErBO3晶相的结构具有一定的相似性;富B2O3,富SiO2、富Al2O3的铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃会发生失透现象.稀土玻璃发生失透是由玻璃析晶引起的,其中铒硼硅酸盐稀土玻璃中最易析出的晶相是ErBO3.     

铒硼硅酸盐玻璃形成性能的研究

用新的玻璃形成区研究方法探索了铒硼硅酸盐玻璃的形成区范围,研究了A12O3含量和Er2O3含量对玻璃形成区的影响和相应的玻璃形成区图。结果表明：当A12O3含量从15％增加到20％时玻璃形成区相应增大,Er2O3含量从20％增加到30％时玻璃形成区缩小。同时利用热分析结果所得到的玻璃析晶倾向参数β值,讨论了铒硼硅酸盐玻璃的形成能力,发现含有Er2O3的铝硼硅酸盐玻璃的玻璃形成能力比较弱,但在一定的组成范围内随着Er2O3含量的增加,铒硼硅酸盐玻璃的形成能力也会有所提高。另外,在铒硼硅酸盐玻璃系统中加入A12O3,可以加强玻璃的网络结构,从而能够提高玻璃的形成能力。     

稀土掺杂硼铝硅酸盐玻璃结构的NMR研究

采用魔角核磁共振（MAS NMR）研究了稀土掺杂B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃的结构及其组成和热处理等因素对玻璃结构的影响。研究发现，在B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃结构中，硼的配位主要是三角体[BO3]和[BO4]，铝的配位主要是[AlO4]，[AlO5]和少量的[AlO6]。随着B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃中BaO含量的增加，[BO3]逐渐向[BO4]转变，[AlO5]和[AlO5]也转变为[AlO4]。此外，由于稀土离子比钡离子更高的离子场强，其能够积聚硼氧结构使得其形成了巨大的网络结构。随着稀土掺量的增加，玻璃结构中的硅氧配位逐渐以Q4（3T）为主。热处理对玻璃结构中的硼氧和铝氧配位影响很小。     

氧化钇对高速CBN砂轮用陶瓷结合剂玻璃料性能的影响

在CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS)系统微晶玻璃中引入稀土氧化物Y2O3,制备出用于高速CBN砂轮的微晶玻璃结合剂。结合DTA,XRD,SEM等检测手段,研究了Y2O3的加入对微晶玻璃结合剂微观结构及其性能的影响。结果表明:随Y2O3含量的增加,微晶玻璃结合剂的耐火度降低,流动性增大。当Y2O3含量为0.8%(质量分数)时,钙铝硅系微晶玻璃结合剂具有最佳的力学性能(显微硬度753.26 MPa,抗折强度167.50 MPa,磨耗比1∶8.23)。加入Y2O3会影响玻璃的析晶性能,当加入Y2O3为0.8%时,促进析出新晶相Li2Al2SiO10和β-石英,尺寸大小约为0.2～1μm,其具有致密的微观结构,利于用于作CBN砂轮的结合剂。     

不同Pr2O3含量硼铝硅酸盐玻璃析晶性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了不同Pr2O3掺量的SiO2-B2O3-Al2O3-BaO玻璃,利用DTA,XRD,TEM以及IR等手段研究了稀土氧化物掺入量对玻璃热稳定性、析晶行为、玻璃结构的影响。结果表明：当稀土掺入量逐渐增加时,玻璃的热稳定性递减;在高于Tx的温度下进行热处理,玻璃析晶产物逐渐由PrAl2.03（B4O10）O0.54向PrBO3转变;Pr^3＋填充在[SiO4],[BO4]和[BO3]等结构单元组成的混合网络的空隙之中,网络中间离子Al^3＋随稀土氧化物的增加,发生从网络变性离子向网络形成离子的转变。     

含纳米晶颗粒的Yb3+/Er3+共掺透明碲酸盐玻璃陶瓷的光谱性质研究

在组成为15Li2O-15Nb2O5-70TeO2-0.1Er2O3-0.4Yb2O3（%, 摩尔分数）的碲酸盐玻璃基础上, 采用两步热处理法制备了透明的含纳米晶颗粒碲酸盐玻璃陶瓷. 通过X射线衍射（XRD）测试表明, 玻璃陶瓷中的晶体颗粒组成为Yb6Te5O19.2或Er6Te5O19.2, 晶粒尺寸约为55 nm. 根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er^3＋离子在基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中的光谱参数Ωt（t＝2, 4, 6）以及Er^3＋：4I15/2→4I13/2跃迁自发辐射几率, 根据McCumber理论计算了Er^3＋：4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的发射截面. 测试了基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷的拉曼光谱, 对比研究了铒离子在基质玻璃和玻璃陶瓷中1.5 μm处荧光和上转换光谱特性.     

Er~(3+)∶Yb~(3+)∶Tm~(3+)共掺硼硅酸盐玻璃光致发光温度特性和能级劈裂

高温固相烧结法制备了Er^3＋：Yb^3＋：Tm^3＋共掺硼硅酸盐玻璃．在978nm半导体激光器抽运下,测量了样品在300～573K下光致发光谱强度随温度的变化,讨论了室温时上转换绿光和红光等波段的光谱劈裂．分析了Er^3＋：Yb^3＋和Tm^3＋之间的能量传递机制．研究结果表明,当温度升高时,Er^3＋：Yb^3＋：Tm^3＋共掺硼硅酸盐玻璃的481nm蓝光、517和534nm绿光、以及657nm红光等光致发光强度单调下降,在490K时几乎消失．但900nm左右的近红外光谱则随温度的升高而持续增强,而且其中心波长向短波方向移动．在室温时,光谱劈裂明显,高温时劈裂逐渐消失．     

凝胶硅铝比对合成MCM-22,UTM-1和Kenyaite的影响

 以白碳黑为硅源,偏铝酸钠为铝源,六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)为结构导向剂,采用动态水热法合成了MCM-22,UTM-1和kenyaite,并考察了硅铝比对产物晶相的影响. 结果表明, 配料硅铝比是影响产物晶相的重要因素. n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=30～50时,晶化产物为MCM-22; n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=71～190时,晶化产物为MCM-22与kenyaite的混合物,且随着硅铝比的增大,MCM-22的含量逐渐减少而kenyaite的含量逐渐增加; n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=228～609时,晶化产物为八元环结构的UTM-1; 不含铝源时,晶化产物为kenyaite. 就合成MCM-22和UTM-1而言,凝胶中的铝是必不可少的. 上述几种晶化产物均呈片状,可以通过扫描电镜加以区分.     

硅基复合材料的电化学特性

将氧化亚硅,铝和石墨经过2步球磨盐酸刻蚀处理,再包覆碳,可制得纳米孔-S i/G/C复合材料,其比容量高达600 mAh/g,电化学循环性能稳定,但首次放电效率较低.氧化亚硅和铝球磨后再经高温热处理,可以促使氧化亚硅完全还原.高温下A l2O3产物的晶型结构由γ相转为稳定难溶的α相,硅/A l2O3复合材料难以刻蚀制孔,而硅/A l2O3/G/C复合材料则显示较高的首次放电效率但循环稳定性较差.     

铒离子掺杂的含LaF3纳晶氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的制备及其发光性能

主要研究了热处理制度对掺杂Er^3＋离子的含有LaF3纳米晶体的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷的上转换发光和近红外发光性质的影响。制备了ErF3掺杂的SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O-LaF3系统玻璃，将其在不同温度下处理不同的时间，测试其上转换和近红外的发光行为的变化，并相应进行了XRD测试，基于XRD数据计算了晶粒大小和结晶度，考察了热处理制度对该材料微观结构及发光性能的影响。结果表明：在一定的温度下保温，LaF3晶体从玻璃基体中析出，并且随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长，晶粒不断长大，结晶度持续增加，因为上转换的发光与基质的声子环境密切相关，所以随着氟化物晶体的增多，相应的玻璃陶瓷的上转换发光的强度也增大，而在氟氧化物玻璃中检测不到上转换发光。但是，对于近红外1530nm处的铒离子发光，氟化物晶体的析出对于其发光性质并没有太大的影响。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.